lymphatic system exam 2 Flashcards
what is the term for organs that are associated with lypmph fluid?
lypmhatic system
what is lymph fluid?
lypmph is fluid inside lymphatic vessels same as interstitial fluid.
what is interstitial fluid?
fluid that surrounds all tissues or all organs in body. Is blood plasma without proteins. It is forced out of capillaries into tissues by blood pressure. Must be put back into blood.
what is a set of tubes (like veins) to drain interstitial fluid from tissues and put it back into the circulatory system?
lymphatic vessels
what are tiny lymphatic vessels in tissues that have slit like valves that let fluid in but not out and they drain fluid from tissues?
lymphatic capillaries
what are collecting vessels ?
They get fluid from lymphatic capillaries. Have valves like veins. Empty lymph into lymphatic trunks and run through lymph nodes.
what are large vessels that grain large areas of the body and empty into lymphatic ducts?
lymphatic trunks includes lumbar trunk, intestinal trunk, bronchomediastinal trunk, subclavian trunk, and the jugular trunk.
what are the lymphatic ducts and what do they do?
thoracic trunk and right lymphatic duct. get lymph from trunks
what is the thoracic trunk?
gets lymph from left side of head and thorax, left arm, and entire body below diaphragm. (a lymphatic duct)
what gets lymph from right side of head and thorax and right arm then empties into right subclavian vein?
right lymphatic duct
what are contractions of skeletal muscle that squeeze lymphatic vessels and force lymph forward to prevent backflow of lymph?
lymph flow
what are primary lymphatic tissues?
tissues in contact with developing lymphocytes
what type of primary lymphatic tissue is located in flat bones, lymphocytes are made here?
red bone marrow
what is the function of the thymus gland?
function- immature T-cells lymphocytes travel to thymus gland to mature. thymus gland also secretes hormones to help in formation of T-cells.
describe the location and anatomy of the thymus:
location- shrinks at puberty, sits on the heart.
anatomy:
1. thymic lobes, 2 sections joined at the mid line
2. capsule- connective tissue covering over entire gland
3. trabeculae extensions of the capsule that divide lobes into lobules.
4. cortex- is the outer layer of tissue made of tightly packed lymphocytes.
5. medulla- inner most tissue, loose lymphocytes and epithelial cells arranged in follicles (or corpuscles) that secrete the hormones into the blood.
what is the secondary lymphoid tissue?
organs that contain MATURE lymphocytes.
what are structures arranged along collecting vessels in groups? (There is a lot in neck, arm pit, aorta,and public area.)
lymph nodes
what do lymph nodes do?
filter lymph
what is the structure of lymph nodes?
- capsule- connective tissue covering the node
- trabeculae- extend through the capsule into the node
- stroma- frame work made of capsule, trabeculae & reticular fibers gives the node its shape.
- cortex- most superficial layer, next to capsule and trabeculae. made of densely packed lymphocytes.
- medulla- deep tissue layer less dense, formed by lymphocytes. has open space. containing strings of lymphocytes called medullary cords.
describe lymph flow:
lymph enters through affarent lymphatic vessels. lymph flows through cortex and medulla. lymph exits node through effarent lymphatic vessels located at hilus.
what is the function and location of the spleen?
removes worn out RBC’s from blood cells before they burst.
it is located upper left of the abdomen next to diaphragm.
what is the anatomy of the spleen?
- capsule- connective tissue covering
2. paranchyma- tissue inside spleen
what is mostly lymphocytes around arteries?
white pulp
what is red pulp?
tissue around venous sinuses formed of lymphocytes and macrophages. contains open spaces, contain splenic cords, strings of spleen tissue in sinuses.
what are lymphatic nodules?
they are lymph nodes without a capsule or trabeculae. exist in the mucosa of the GI tract.
filter fluid absorbed from the GI tract. fight pathogens. (like lymph node)
form MALT stands for mucosa associated lymphoid tissue.
what are 5 lymphoid nodules at the juncture of oral cavity and pharynx?
tonsils
what are the types of tonsils?
- pharyngeal tonsil (1, back wall of nasal pharynx upper part of throat)
- lingual tonsils (2)( at the base of the tongue)
- palatine tonsils- at the back of oral cavity
