digestive tract organs: test 3

Question 1

what is the oral cavity?

Answer 1

the mouth (osculum)

Question 2

what are the sides of the oral cavity, skin outside, muscle in middle & lined with mucus membrane?

Answer 2

cheeks

Question 3

what are flaps of skin in muscle and mucus membrane at front of oral cavity to close mouth?

Answer 3

the lips

Question 4

what is the term for the pigment of the lips where skin and mucus membrane meet?

Answer 4

vermillion

Question 5

what is the labial frenulum?

Answer 5

folds of mucus membrane, anchors lips to gums.

Question 6

what is the hard palate?

Answer 6

anterior roof of mouth made of bone (palatine bone and maxilla)

Question 7

what is the term for the posterior roof of mouth, no bone, just muscle, ends at uvula (hangs down at the back of the throat

Answer 7

soft palate

Question 8

describe the tongue:

Answer 8

it is attached posteriorly to the floor of the oral oral cavity.
muscles to move tongue:
intrinsic muscles- origin and insertion in tongue.
extrinsic muscles- have origins outside of tongue

Question 9

what is the median septum?

Answer 9

connective tissue line down center of tongue

Question 10

what is the fold of mucus membrane attaching tongue to floor of mouth

Answer 10

lingual frenulum

Question 11

what is papilla?

Answer 11

its the little bumps all over tongue that contain taste buds.

Question 12

what are the salivary glands?

Answer 12

large multicellular glands outside the oral cavity. secrete saliva into ducts that lead to oral cavity. made of secretory epithelium.

Question 13

what is the parotid gland?

Answer 13

under skin anterior to ear uses parotid duct opens near upper second molar

Question 14

what is the submandibular gland?

Answer 14

on the inside curve of mandible, uses submandibular duct which opens at base of tongue

Question 15

what gland is below the tongue, uses lesser sub-lingual ducts, open in floor of the mouth?

Answer 15

sublingual gland

Question 16

what is located in sockets (alveoli) of maxilla and mandible ?

Answer 16

teeth

Question 17

what is the anatomy of teeth?

Answer 17

a) crown- visible part
b) root- part in alveolus
c) neck- where crown and root meet
(inside teeth are hollow)
d) pulp cavity- hollow space in teeth, contains pulp: blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels

Question 18

what is gingivae?

Answer 18

mucus membrane covering outside of alveoli

Question 19

what is the esophagus?

Answer 19

it is a muscular tube from pharynx to stomach goes thru hole in diaphragm (esoplageal hilus), posterior to larynx and trachea (food goes thru the esophagus)

Question 20

describe the anatomy of the esophagus:

Answer 20

it is a muscular tube lined with mucus membrane

Question 21

what is located at the top of the esophagus posterior to larynx?

Answer 21

upper esophageal sphincter

Question 22

what is located where the esophagus and stomach meet?

Answer 22

the lower esophageal sphincter (cardiac sphincter)

Question 23

what is the esophageal hiatus?

Answer 23

it is a hole in the diaphragm, esophagus goes through to get into abdominal cavity.

Question 24

what is the histology of the esophagus?

Answer 24

1) muscularis- mix of smooth and skeletal muscle.
-upper 1/3 is skeletal muscle
-middle 1/3 is both skeletal and smooth
lower 1/3 is all smooth muscle

Question 25

what is the location of the stomach?

Answer 25

it is "J" shaped. located between the esophagus and the small intestine upper left abdomen.

Question 26

what is the cardiac region of the stomach?

Answer 26

area where esophagus joins stomach

Question 27

what is the fundus? (stomach)

Answer 27

it is a dome shaped area left of esophagus

Question 28

what is the body of the stomach?

Answer 28

most of the mass of stomach

Question 29

what is the interior area of pyloris?

Answer 29

pyloric antrum (pyloric region)

Question 30

what is the thick circular muscle between stomach and sm. intestine. ?

Answer 30

pyloric sphincter (pyloric region)

Question 31

what is the pyloric canal?

Answer 31

tube like opening through pyloric sphincter.

Question 32

what has a 3rd muscle layer?

Answer 32

the muscularis of the stomach called the oblique layer

Question 33

what are chief cells?

Answer 33

secrete enzymes to digest proteins part of the mucosa of the stomach

Question 34

what is the function of the pancreas?

Answer 34

secretes enzymes for digestion and hormones

Question 35

where is the pancreas located?

Answer 35

sits where the stomach and deuodenum meet

Question 36

what is the anatomy of the pancreas?

Answer 36

1) head- expanded area right at juncture of stomach and duodenum 2) body- thinner area off to the left 3) tail- extreme left of abdomen end of pancreas, tapers into a point

Question 37

describe the ducts of the pancreas:

Answer 37

internal tubes that carry enzymes

Question 38

which duct goes the entire length of the pancreas and joins the duodenum at hepatopancreatic ampulla?

Answer 38

pancreatic duct

Question 39

what is the accessory duct of the pancreas?

Answer 39

it branches from the pancreatic duct in head, joins duodenum but not at hepatopancreatic ampulla

Question 40

what are acinar cells ?

Answer 40

secretory epithelium that release digestive enzymes 99% of secretory cells. (pancreas)

Question 41

what are clusters of hormone producing cells 1% of secretory cells?

Answer 41

pancreatic islets

Question 42

describe the anatomy of the liver:

Answer 42

has 4 lobes 1) right lobe 2) left lobe 3) quadrate lobe- near gall bladder posterior 4) caudate lobe- most posterior lobe

Question 43

what are the lobes formed of?

Answer 43

lobes are made of tiny lobules

Question 44

what are lobules?

Answer 44

they are functional units of the liver.

Question 45

what is the anatomy of a lobule:

Answer 45

- hexagonal collections of heaptocytes around a central vein - at each corner is an arteriole and a venule from hepatic portal system - the arteriole and venule both empty blood into large sinusoid capillaries. - blood is cleaned here. - sinusoids sends blood to central vein then to hepatic vein then to vena cava

Question 46

what produces bile?

Answer 46

hepatocytes produce bile (for fat digestion)

Question 47

what is the function of the gall bladder?

Answer 47

holds bile from liver

Question 48

what is the anatomy of the gall bladder?

Answer 48

pear shaped sack

Question 49

where is the gall bladder located?

Answer 49

under right and quadrate lobes of liver

Question 50

what duct exits the gall bladder ?

Answer 50

cystic duct (gall bladder)

Question 51

which duct of the gall bladder does the cystic duct join to form the common bile duct?

Answer 51

the common hepatic duct (gall bladder)

Question 52

what duct of the gall bladder travels to the hepatopancreatic ampulla?

Answer 52

the common bile duct (gall bladder)

Question 53

where does the bile secreted from the hepatocytes go?

Answer 53

bile is secreted into tiny tubes called bile canaliculi.

Question 54

what are the small ducts at corners of lobule fused from?

Answer 54

bile canaliliculi fuse to form small ducts then small ducts fuse to form bigger ducts

Question 55

where do all the bile ducts of the liver fuse to?

Answer 55

into the left and right heaptic duct then the left and right hepatic ducts fuse to form the common hepatic duct

Question 56

what is rugae?

Answer 56

it is part of the mucosa of the stomach.it is folds of the stomach lining that allows the stomach to expand when it fills

Question 57

what is a pit in the mucosa of the stomach that contains secretory cells?

Answer 57

gastric pits

Question 58

what secretes acid (HCL) in mucosa of stomach?

Answer 58

parietal cells

Question 59

what is mucus neck cells?

Answer 59

part of the mucosa of the stomach secretes mucus

Question 60

what is the oblique layer of the stomach?

Answer 60

part of the muscularis of the stomach(3rd muscle layer) it has fibers running at an angle to the other muscle layers, allows stomach to churn to crush "food" to a liquid.