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Anatomy > digestive tract organs: test 3 > Flashcards

digestive tract organs: test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the oral cavity?

A

the mouth (osculum)

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2
Q

what are the sides of the oral cavity, skin outside, muscle in middle & lined with mucus membrane?

A

cheeks

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3
Q

what are flaps of skin in muscle and mucus membrane at front of oral cavity to close mouth?

A

the lips

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4
Q

what is the term for the pigment of the lips where skin and mucus membrane meet?

A

vermillion

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5
Q

what is the labial frenulum?

A

folds of mucus membrane, anchors lips to gums.

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6
Q

what is the hard palate?

A

anterior roof of mouth made of bone (palatine bone and maxilla)

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7
Q

what is the term for the posterior roof of mouth, no bone, just muscle, ends at uvula (hangs down at the back of the throat

A

soft palate

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8
Q

describe the tongue:

A

it is attached posteriorly to the floor of the oral oral cavity.
muscles to move tongue:
intrinsic muscles- origin and insertion in tongue.
extrinsic muscles- have origins outside of tongue

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9
Q

what is the median septum?

A

connective tissue line down center of tongue

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10
Q

what is the fold of mucus membrane attaching tongue to floor of mouth

A

lingual frenulum

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11
Q

what is papilla?

A

its the little bumps all over tongue that contain taste buds.

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12
Q

what are the salivary glands?

A

large multicellular glands outside the oral cavity. secrete saliva into ducts that lead to oral cavity. made of secretory epithelium.

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13
Q

what is the parotid gland?

A

under skin anterior to ear uses parotid duct opens near upper second molar

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14
Q

what is the submandibular gland?

A

on the inside curve of mandible, uses submandibular duct which opens at base of tongue

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15
Q

what gland is below the tongue, uses lesser sub-lingual ducts, open in floor of the mouth?

A

sublingual gland

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16
Q

what is located in sockets (alveoli) of maxilla and mandible ?

A

teeth

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17
Q

what is the anatomy of teeth?

A

a) crown- visible part
b) root- part in alveolus
c) neck- where crown and root meet
(inside teeth are hollow)
d) pulp cavity- hollow space in teeth, contains pulp: blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels

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18
Q

what is gingivae?

A

mucus membrane covering outside of alveoli

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19
Q

what is the esophagus?

A

it is a muscular tube from pharynx to stomach goes thru hole in diaphragm (esoplageal hilus), posterior to larynx and trachea (food goes thru the esophagus)

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20
Q

describe the anatomy of the esophagus:

A

it is a muscular tube lined with mucus membrane

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21
Q

what is located at the top of the esophagus posterior to larynx?

A

upper esophageal sphincter

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22
Q

what is located where the esophagus and stomach meet?

A

the lower esophageal sphincter (cardiac sphincter)

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23
Q

what is the esophageal hiatus?

A

it is a hole in the diaphragm, esophagus goes through to get into abdominal cavity.

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24
Q

what is the histology of the esophagus?

A

1) muscularis- mix of smooth and skeletal muscle.
-upper 1/3 is skeletal muscle
-middle 1/3 is both skeletal and smooth
lower 1/3 is all smooth muscle

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25
Q

what is the location of the stomach?

A

it is “J” shaped. located between the esophagus and the small intestine upper left abdomen.

26
Q

what is the cardiac region of the stomach?

A

area where esophagus joins stomach

27
Q

what is the fundus? (stomach)

A

it is a dome shaped area left of esophagus

28
Q

what is the body of the stomach?

A

most of the mass of stomach

29
Q

what is the interior area of pyloris?

A

pyloric antrum (pyloric region)

30
Q

what is the thick circular muscle between stomach and sm. intestine. ?

A

pyloric sphincter (pyloric region)

31
Q

what is the pyloric canal?

A

tube like opening through pyloric sphincter.

32
Q

what has a 3rd muscle layer?

A

the muscularis of the stomach called the oblique layer

33
Q

what are chief cells?

A

secrete enzymes to digest proteins part of the mucosa of the stomach

34
Q

what is the function of the pancreas?

A

secretes enzymes for digestion and hormones

35
Q

where is the pancreas located?

A

sits where the stomach and deuodenum meet

36
Q

what is the anatomy of the pancreas?

A

1) head- expanded area right at juncture of stomach and duodenum
2) body- thinner area off to the left
3) tail- extreme left of abdomen end of pancreas, tapers into a point

37
Q

describe the ducts of the pancreas:

A

internal tubes that carry enzymes

38
Q

which duct goes the entire length of the pancreas and joins the duodenum at hepatopancreatic ampulla?

A

pancreatic duct

39
Q

what is the accessory duct of the pancreas?

A

it branches from the pancreatic duct in head, joins duodenum but not at hepatopancreatic ampulla

40
Q

what are acinar cells ?

A

secretory epithelium that release digestive enzymes 99% of secretory cells. (pancreas)

41
Q

what are clusters of hormone producing cells 1% of secretory cells?

A

pancreatic islets

42
Q

describe the anatomy of the liver:

A

has 4 lobes

1) right lobe
2) left lobe
3) quadrate lobe- near gall bladder posterior
4) caudate lobe- most posterior lobe

43
Q

what are the lobes formed of?

A

lobes are made of tiny lobules

44
Q

what are lobules?

A

they are functional units of the liver.

45
Q

what is the anatomy of a lobule:

A
  • hexagonal collections of heaptocytes around a central vein
  • at each corner is an arteriole and a venule from hepatic portal system
  • the arteriole and venule both empty blood into large sinusoid capillaries.
  • blood is cleaned here.
  • sinusoids sends blood to central vein then to hepatic vein then to vena cava
46
Q

what produces bile?

A

hepatocytes produce bile (for fat digestion)

47
Q

what is the function of the gall bladder?

A

holds bile from liver

48
Q

what is the anatomy of the gall bladder?

A

pear shaped sack

49
Q

where is the gall bladder located?

A

under right and quadrate lobes of liver

50
Q

what duct exits the gall bladder ?

A

cystic duct (gall bladder)

51
Q

which duct of the gall bladder does the cystic duct join to form the common bile duct?

A

the common hepatic duct (gall bladder)

52
Q

what duct of the gall bladder travels to the hepatopancreatic ampulla?

A

the common bile duct (gall bladder)

53
Q

where does the bile secreted from the hepatocytes go?

A

bile is secreted into tiny tubes called bile canaliculi.

54
Q

what are the small ducts at corners of lobule fused from?

A

bile canaliliculi fuse to form small ducts then small ducts fuse to form bigger ducts

55
Q

where do all the bile ducts of the liver fuse to?

A

into the left and right heaptic duct then the left and right hepatic ducts fuse to form the common hepatic duct

56
Q

what is rugae?

A

it is part of the mucosa of the stomach.it is folds of the stomach lining that allows the stomach to expand when it fills

57
Q

what is a pit in the mucosa of the stomach that contains secretory cells?

A

gastric pits

58
Q

what secretes acid (HCL) in mucosa of stomach?

A

parietal cells

59
Q

what is mucus neck cells?

A

part of the mucosa of the stomach secretes mucus

60
Q

what is the oblique layer of the stomach?

A

part of the muscularis of the stomach(3rd muscle layer) it has fibers running at an angle to the other muscle layers, allows stomach to churn to crush “food” to a liquid.

Anatomy (31 decks)

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