digestive tract organs: test 3 Flashcards
what is the oral cavity?
the mouth (osculum)
what are the sides of the oral cavity, skin outside, muscle in middle & lined with mucus membrane?
cheeks
what are flaps of skin in muscle and mucus membrane at front of oral cavity to close mouth?
the lips
what is the term for the pigment of the lips where skin and mucus membrane meet?
vermillion
what is the labial frenulum?
folds of mucus membrane, anchors lips to gums.
what is the hard palate?
anterior roof of mouth made of bone (palatine bone and maxilla)
what is the term for the posterior roof of mouth, no bone, just muscle, ends at uvula (hangs down at the back of the throat
soft palate
describe the tongue:
it is attached posteriorly to the floor of the oral oral cavity.
muscles to move tongue:
intrinsic muscles- origin and insertion in tongue.
extrinsic muscles- have origins outside of tongue
what is the median septum?
connective tissue line down center of tongue
what is the fold of mucus membrane attaching tongue to floor of mouth
lingual frenulum
what is papilla?
its the little bumps all over tongue that contain taste buds.
what are the salivary glands?
large multicellular glands outside the oral cavity. secrete saliva into ducts that lead to oral cavity. made of secretory epithelium.
what is the parotid gland?
under skin anterior to ear uses parotid duct opens near upper second molar
what is the submandibular gland?
on the inside curve of mandible, uses submandibular duct which opens at base of tongue
what gland is below the tongue, uses lesser sub-lingual ducts, open in floor of the mouth?
sublingual gland
what is located in sockets (alveoli) of maxilla and mandible ?
teeth
what is the anatomy of teeth?
a) crown- visible part
b) root- part in alveolus
c) neck- where crown and root meet
(inside teeth are hollow)
d) pulp cavity- hollow space in teeth, contains pulp: blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels
what is gingivae?
mucus membrane covering outside of alveoli
what is the esophagus?
it is a muscular tube from pharynx to stomach goes thru hole in diaphragm (esoplageal hilus), posterior to larynx and trachea (food goes thru the esophagus)
describe the anatomy of the esophagus:
it is a muscular tube lined with mucus membrane
what is located at the top of the esophagus posterior to larynx?
upper esophageal sphincter
what is located where the esophagus and stomach meet?
the lower esophageal sphincter (cardiac sphincter)
what is the esophageal hiatus?
it is a hole in the diaphragm, esophagus goes through to get into abdominal cavity.
what is the histology of the esophagus?
1) muscularis- mix of smooth and skeletal muscle.
-upper 1/3 is skeletal muscle
-middle 1/3 is both skeletal and smooth
lower 1/3 is all smooth muscle
what is the location of the stomach?
it is “J” shaped. located between the esophagus and the small intestine upper left abdomen.
what is the cardiac region of the stomach?
area where esophagus joins stomach
what is the fundus? (stomach)
it is a dome shaped area left of esophagus
what is the body of the stomach?
most of the mass of stomach
what is the interior area of pyloris?
pyloric antrum (pyloric region)
what is the thick circular muscle between stomach and sm. intestine. ?
pyloric sphincter (pyloric region)
what is the pyloric canal?
tube like opening through pyloric sphincter.
what has a 3rd muscle layer?
the muscularis of the stomach called the oblique layer
what are chief cells?
secrete enzymes to digest proteins part of the mucosa of the stomach
what is the function of the pancreas?
secretes enzymes for digestion and hormones
where is the pancreas located?
sits where the stomach and deuodenum meet
what is the anatomy of the pancreas?
1) head- expanded area right at juncture of stomach and duodenum
2) body- thinner area off to the left
3) tail- extreme left of abdomen end of pancreas, tapers into a point
describe the ducts of the pancreas:
internal tubes that carry enzymes
which duct goes the entire length of the pancreas and joins the duodenum at hepatopancreatic ampulla?
pancreatic duct
what is the accessory duct of the pancreas?
it branches from the pancreatic duct in head, joins duodenum but not at hepatopancreatic ampulla
what are acinar cells ?
secretory epithelium that release digestive enzymes 99% of secretory cells. (pancreas)
what are clusters of hormone producing cells 1% of secretory cells?
pancreatic islets
describe the anatomy of the liver:
has 4 lobes
1) right lobe
2) left lobe
3) quadrate lobe- near gall bladder posterior
4) caudate lobe- most posterior lobe
what are the lobes formed of?
lobes are made of tiny lobules
what are lobules?
they are functional units of the liver.
what is the anatomy of a lobule:
- hexagonal collections of heaptocytes around a central vein
- at each corner is an arteriole and a venule from hepatic portal system
- the arteriole and venule both empty blood into large sinusoid capillaries.
- blood is cleaned here.
- sinusoids sends blood to central vein then to hepatic vein then to vena cava
what produces bile?
hepatocytes produce bile (for fat digestion)
what is the function of the gall bladder?
holds bile from liver
what is the anatomy of the gall bladder?
pear shaped sack
where is the gall bladder located?
under right and quadrate lobes of liver
what duct exits the gall bladder ?
cystic duct (gall bladder)
which duct of the gall bladder does the cystic duct join to form the common bile duct?
the common hepatic duct (gall bladder)
what duct of the gall bladder travels to the hepatopancreatic ampulla?
the common bile duct (gall bladder)
where does the bile secreted from the hepatocytes go?
bile is secreted into tiny tubes called bile canaliculi.
what are the small ducts at corners of lobule fused from?
bile canaliliculi fuse to form small ducts then small ducts fuse to form bigger ducts
where do all the bile ducts of the liver fuse to?
into the left and right heaptic duct then the left and right hepatic ducts fuse to form the common hepatic duct
what is rugae?
it is part of the mucosa of the stomach.it is folds of the stomach lining that allows the stomach to expand when it fills
what is a pit in the mucosa of the stomach that contains secretory cells?
gastric pits
what secretes acid (HCL) in mucosa of stomach?
parietal cells
what is mucus neck cells?
part of the mucosa of the stomach secretes mucus
what is the oblique layer of the stomach?
part of the muscularis of the stomach(3rd muscle layer) it has fibers running at an angle to the other muscle layers, allows stomach to churn to crush “food” to a liquid.
