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Anatomy > Spinal CHord and Nerves > Flashcards

Spinal CHord and Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

size and location of the spianl cord

A
  • slender nerve column
  • about 45 cm long
  • starts at foramen magnumn and ends at L1 or L2
  • 31 pairs of spinal nerves
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2
Q

overall structure info

A
  • bilateral structure
  • consists of gray and white matter
  • central canal
  • 2 grooves
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3
Q

hole down the middle of the center of the cord; continuous with brain ventricles; both contain CSF

A

central canal

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4
Q

the 2 grooves within the structure of the brain

A

anterior median fissure and posterior median sulcus

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5
Q

considered the deep channel groove of the brian

A

anterior median fissure

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6
Q

considered the small grooves of the brain

A

posterior median fissure

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7
Q

swollen regions of the spinal cord. there is two of them

A

enlargements

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8
Q

the two enlargements of the spinal cord. why are they names this way?

A

cervical enlargement and lumbar enlargement. named this way because of the region they are found in

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9
Q

enlargement that is thick at the base of the neck

A

cervical enlargement

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10
Q

enlargement that is thick at the end of the spinal cord

A

lumbar enlargement

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11
Q

inferior most tip of the spinal cord; cone shaped

A

conus medullaris

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12
Q

means horse tail; bundle of nerves inferior to the spinal cord

A

cauda equina

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13
Q

inferior most spinal nerve

A

filum terminale

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14
Q

unmyelinated
contains cell bodies, dendrites, synapse.
projections called horns
cell bodies organized into nuclei

A

gray matter

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15
Q

cell bodies found with the grey matter. are organized into nuceli

A

sensory and motor

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16
Q

projections found int he gray matter

A

horns

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17
Q

interior horns of the gray matter

A

posterior gray horn
anterior gray horn
lateral gray horn

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18
Q

connection at the middle of the gray matter. central canal runs directly through it

A

gray commissure

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19
Q

the gray comissures

A

anterior commissure

posterior commissure

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20
Q

bundle of tracts

A

columns

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21
Q

columns within the white matter

A
  • posterior white column
  • anterior white column
  • lateral white column
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22
Q

tracts within the white matter

A

ascending tract and descending tract

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23
Q

tract within the white matter that is sending signal up to the brain– sensory

A

ascending tract

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24
Q

tract within the white matter that is sending signals down the spinal cord– motor function

A

descending tract

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25
Q

membrane covering the CNS. similar to both brain and spinal cord. are split into layers called mater

A

meninges

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26
Q

means mother. CT layers that surround the CNS

A

mater

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27
Q

space between meninges and vertebrae. contains BV and adipose

A

epidural space

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28
Q

what do the meningies connect to?

A

CT covering of spinal nerves

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29
Q

“tough mother”. made of dense CT

durable. deep to the epidural space. superficial to the subdural space. stabilized by coccygeal ligament

A

dura mater

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30
Q

first spinal meningie

A

dura mater

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31
Q

“spidery mother” superficial to the subarchanoid space. CT(many pieces) looks like a spider web.

A

arachinoid mater

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32
Q

in between arachnoid mater and pia mater. contain CSF

A

subarchnoid space

33
Q

“delicate mother”. light layer adhering to cord. forms part of the filum terminale

A

pia mater

34
Q

components of the spinal meninges

A

vertebra. epidural space. dura mater. subdural space. arachnoid mater. subarchnoid space. pis mater. neural tissues

35
Q

spinal nerves

A

31 pair– 8 cervical. 12 thoracic. 5 lunbar. 5 saccral. 1 coccygeal

36
Q

nerve components

A

dorsal root

ventral root

37
Q

nerve components of the dorsal root

A

dorsal root ganglia and soma. usually sensory

38
Q

nerve components of the ventral root

A

no ganglion. usually motor

39
Q

roots merge to form what?

A

spinal nerves

40
Q

all roots go through what

A

intervertebral foramen

41
Q

spinal nerve involves both….

A

sensory and motor neurons

42
Q

connective tissue covering of nerve. surround the entire nerve

A

epineurium

43
Q

connective tissue covering of nerve. surrounds bundles of 10 -100 axons (known as fasicles)

A

perineurium

44
Q

connective tissue covering that surrounds each individual axon of each neuron and schwann cells

A

endoneurium

45
Q

offshoots of a nerve once it exits the vertebrae. 3 types

A

rami

46
Q

three types of rami

A

dorsal ramus, ventral ramus, ramus communicantes

47
Q

innervates the skeletal muscle. the extremities. stomach/front

A

ventral rami

48
Q

innervates the back

A

dorsal ramus

49
Q

innervates the guts, liver, heart. autonomic and involuntary stuff

A

ramus communicante

50
Q

a splitting in the ramus that separates sensory and motor fibers. two type of ramus communicantes

A

ramus communicantes

51
Q

two types of ramus communicantes

A

white and gray communicantes

52
Q

indicates the area that is innervated by a particular nerve. sensory innervation by specific spinal nerves. spinal cord damage would result in loss id sensation in this. a detection method

A

dermatomes

53
Q

regions/ parts of the spine with plexuses

A

cervical. lumbar. sacral

54
Q

groups of nerves that connect and interconnect with one another. intertwined within one another

A

plexuses

55
Q

two plexuses in the cervical region

A

cervical and brachial

56
Q

cervical plexus

A

C1-C4 and part of C5. innervates certain muscles of neck and torso. involves phrenic nerve

57
Q

nerve associated with cervical plexus

A

phrenic nerve

58
Q

phrenic nerve

A

C3, 4, and 5. goes to the diaphragm

59
Q

brachial plexus

A

C4-C8 and T1.innervate the chest, upper back, arms

60
Q

part of brachial plexus. innervates to anterior muscles of arsm and skin of forearm

A

musculocutaneous

61
Q

part of brachial plexus. innervates the muscles of the forearm, hands, and skin of hands

A

ulnar nerve

62
Q

part of brachial plexus, innervates the muscle of the forearm, hands, ans skin of hands

A

medial nerve

63
Q

part of brachial plexus. innervates the posterior muscles of the arm and skin of the forearm and hand

A

radial nerve

64
Q

the last thoracic, lumbar, and sacral nerves. may split into lumbar and sacral plexuses. innervates the lower limb regions

A

lumbosacral plexus

65
Q

part of lumbarsacral plexus. innervates to abductors of the leg

A

obturator nerve

66
Q

part of lumbosacral plexus. innervates to motor impulses of the leg and thigh. and receives sensory from skin of leg and thigh

A

femoral nerve

67
Q

part of lumosacral plexus. innervates to muscles and skin in the thighs, legs, and feet

A

sciatic nerve

68
Q

rapid automatic involuntary motor response to stimuli. help to preserve homeostasis. occur at spinal cord or brain stem. DO NOT REQUIRE CEREBRAL PROCESSING. can be modified by cerebral control

A

reflexes

69
Q

classification for reflexes

A

by development. site of processing. mature of motor response. complexity of neural circuit

70
Q

reflex classification by development

A

genetically and learned

71
Q

development reflex. is a built in response

A

genetic reflex

72
Q

development reflex. is acquired through repetition and or experience

A

learned reflex

73
Q

site of processing response. impulse only goes to the spinal cord

A

spinal reflex

74
Q

site of processing reflex. makes it to the brain

A

cranial reflex

75
Q

nature of motor response reflex. influences the skeletal muscle. under involuntary control

A

somatic reflex

76
Q

nature of motor response. influences the involuntary systems such as smooth muscle and glands.

A

visceral reflex

77
Q

complexity of neural circuit reflex (how many synapses are involved- 1

A

monosynaptic

78
Q

complexity of neural circuit reflex. how many synapses are involved- 2 or greater

A

polysnaptic

Anatomy (17 decks)

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