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Anatomy > chapter 19 - endocrine system > Flashcards

chapter 19 - endocrine system Flashcards

1
Q

gneral characteristics of the endocrine system

A

chronic regulation of homeostasis- slow and prolonged
interrelated with nervous system– hypothalamus and thalamus
ductless– hormones produced by specialized cells

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2
Q

substance synthesized by a specific organ or tissue and secreted

A

hormones

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3
Q

two types of secretion of hormones

A

paracrine and endocrine

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4
Q

secretion into the extracellular spaces

A

paracrine signaling

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5
Q

secretion when blood carries it to other sites

A

endocrine signaling

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6
Q

hormones act on specific target cells through

A

specific receptors for specific hormones

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7
Q

chemistry categories of hormones

A

steroids, peptides, amines, eicosanoids

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8
Q

lipid soluable hormones that can cross cell cell membranes. made from cholesterol. used in transduction– regulation of DNA transcription

A

steroid hormones

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9
Q

derived from tyrosine of trytophan. some are membrane soluble and some are not. most important ones are thyroid and adrenal medulla

A

amine hormones

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10
Q

short chain of amino acids– cannot cross the cell membrane. all pituitary hormones

A

peptide hormones

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11
Q

derived from fatty acids. most cross cell membrane. coordinate functions of extracellular fluid

A

eicosanoids

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12
Q

control hormone secretion through

A

negative feedback loop

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13
Q

how does neg feedback loop work in endocrine system

A

gland is sensitive to concentration of substance
- concentration exceeds = prevent gland from secreting hormone
- concentration decreases = secretion increases
RESULTS IN RELATIVELY STABLE CONC. OF BOTH SUBSTANCE AND HORMONE

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14
Q

sends signals to the pituitary gland

A

hypothalamus

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15
Q

significance of pitutary gland

A

really 2 glands– together = most important endocrine gland for regulation

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16
Q

does not make hormones. mostly hypothalamic axons

A

posterior pituitary

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17
Q

5 types of endocrine cells present. controlled by hypothalamic regulatory hormones

A

anterior pituitary

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18
Q

regulatory hormones found in the anterior pituitary

A

releasing and inhibitory

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19
Q

posterior pituitary gland that causes the contraction of muscles in the uterine wall,= and prostate; causes muscles associated with milk ejection to contract; significant emotional bonding

A

oxytocin

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20
Q

posterior pituitary horomone that cause kidney to decrease water excretion. also increases blood volume– rise in BP

A

antidiuretic hormone- ADH

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21
Q

posterior pituitary gland that increases melanin secretion

A

melanocyte stimulating hormone-MSH

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22
Q

cell type involved in melanocyte stimulating hormones

A

melanocytes

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23
Q

anterior pituitary hormone– testes produce sperm, follicular development in ovary, stimulate secretion of estrogen

A

follicle stimulating hormone- FSH

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24
Q

anterior pituitary hormone– promotes secretion of sex hormones and release of oocyte

A

luteinizing hormone- LH

25
Q

anterior pituitary hormone

  • inc size and rate of reproduction of body cells
  • targets muscles and bones– mobilizes fat ad glucose
  • enhances movmemnt of amino acids through membranes
  • secreted throughout life, inc at puberty
A

growth hormone- GH

26
Q

anterior pituitary hormone that controls secretion of thyroid hormones

A

thyroid stimulating homrone– TSH

27
Q

anterior pituitary hormone– targets mammary tissue. milk production / secretion

A

prolactin- PRL

28
Q

anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates adrenal cortex to produce corticosteroids

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone

29
Q

involves 2 lobes and isthmus, follicular cells and parafollicular cells

A

thyroid gland

30
Q

cell involved in thyroid gland that has a line follicle cavities– filled with thyroglogulin colloid; removes Iodine from blood; secrete T3 and T4

A

follicular cells

31
Q

cell involved in thyroid gland that produce calcitronin

A

parafollicular cells

32
Q

thyroid hormone that involves follicular cells

A

thyroxine and triiodothryonine

33
Q

thyroid hormone that involves follicular cells that inc glycogenesis, inc protein synthesis, and inc growth

A

thryroxine T4

34
Q

thyroid hormone that involves follicular cells thatinc glycogenesis, inc protein synthesis, and inc growth— 5x more potent

A

triiodothyronine- T3

35
Q

thyroid hormone that involves parafollicular cells that dec blood Ca2+ and PO4– which inc renal excretion and inc osteoblast activity

A

calcitronin

36
Q

posterior surface of thyroid– many tightly packed secretory cells

A

parathyroid glands

37
Q

immature cells in the parathyroid glands

A

oxyphil and transitional cells

38
Q

cells in the parathyroid glands that produce parathyroid hormone

A

chief cells

39
Q

hormone found in parathyroid glands

A

parathyroid hormone- PTH

40
Q

hormone found in the parathyroid gland that inc blood Ca2+– which dec Ca2+ and PO4 excretion, dec osteoclast activity, inc calcitrol

A

parathyroid hormone- PTH

41
Q

thoracic cavity posterior to sternum– produces thymosin

A

thymus

42
Q

enhances lymphocyte production and competence. most active in infacy and childhood

A

thymosin

43
Q

adrenal cortex involves

A

glomerulosa, fasciculata, reticularis

44
Q

adrenal glands involves

A

adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla

45
Q

what is found in the adrenal medulla

A

chromaffin cells

46
Q

found in the adrenal medulla– cells which are modified postganglionic cells of the SNS

A

chromaffin cells

47
Q

components of the kidney

A

renin, erthropoietin, calcitrol

48
Q

hormone of the kidney that starts the cascade to increase blood pressure

A

renin

49
Q

hormone of kidney that involves erythrocyte production

A

erythropoletin EPO

50
Q

hormone of the kindey that involves the increase absorption of digested Ca2+

A

calcitrol

51
Q

found in the heart. supresses aldosterone and ADH. decreases blood volume and blood pressure

A

atrial natriuretic peptide

52
Q

posterior to stomach– attached to dedenom by duct; endocrine and exocrine function

A

pancreas

53
Q

islets of Lanagerhans

A

endocrine function

54
Q

cells within the islets of langerhans

A

alpha, beta, delta

55
Q

alpha cells in pancreas

A

glucugon

56
Q

beta cells in pancreas

A

insulin

57
Q

delta cells in pancreas

A

somatostatin

58
Q

somatostatin

A

inhibits glucugon and insulin secretion. atagonizes GH

Anatomy (17 decks)

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