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Anatomy > CHapter 8 Appendicular > Flashcards

CHapter 8 Appendicular Flashcards

1
Q

holds bone together but may not permit movement. has point of contact between bone-bone, bone-cartilage, tooth-bone

A

joints

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2
Q

study of joints

A

arthrology

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3
Q

study of motion

A

kinesiology

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4
Q

joint that lacks synovial cavity. bones held together by fibrous dense connective tissue. little to no movement. 3 types

A

fibrous joints

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5
Q

3 types of fibrous joints

A

sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses

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6
Q

thin layer of dense fibrous connective tissue unites bones of the skull. synarthrosis. if fused in adults = synostosis

A

sutures

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7
Q

fibrous joint. bones united by ligament. slightly moveable (amphiarthrosis). dense regular CT

A

syndesmosis

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8
Q

ligament holds cone-shaped peg in bony socket. immovable (synarthrosis). Ex teeth and alveolar processes of maxilla

A

gomphosis

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9
Q

lacks synovial cavity
allows little to no movement
bones tightly connected by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage
2 types

A

cartilage joints

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10
Q

two types of cartilage joints

A

synchondroses and symphyses

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11
Q 
connecting material = hyaline cartilage
snyarthrosis
hyaline between 2 types of bone tissue
epiphyseal plate or joints between ribs and sternum 
when fusion occurs it becomes synostosis
A

synchondrosis

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12
Q

growth of bone and endochondrial ossification catches up with growth of cartilage and everything grows together

A

synostosis

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13
Q

fibrocartilage is connecting material
amphiarthroses
intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis

A

symphysis

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14
Q

features of synovial joint

A

separated by fluid filled cavity; two layers (synovial membrane and articular cartilage); synovial fluid

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15
Q

function of synovial fluid

A

lubricate the joints, nourish chondrocytes, shock absorber

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16
Q

reinforces and strengthens joint capsule. connects bone to bone with dense regular CT

A

ligaments

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17
Q

synovial joint ligament type– outside joint capsule. ex: collaterals

A

extracapsular ligament

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18
Q

synovial joint ligament type– within the capsule. ex: cruciates

A

intracapsular ligament

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19
Q

pads of fibrous cartilage that subdivides a cavity. also known as menisci. ex: ulnolunate joint; knee joint

A

articular discs of synovial joint

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20
Q

function of articular discs of synovial joint

A

channel fluid of synovial fluid, modify articular surfaces; restrict movements at joint; cushion articulating surfaces; help to distribute body weight

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21
Q

adipose tissue surrounding the synovial capsule

A

fat pads of synovial joint

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22
Q

function of fat pads of synovial joint

A

protects articular cartilage, packing material, fills spaces when joint changes shape

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23
Q

small fluid filled pockets of connective tissue

found in hypodermis between tendons/ ligaments and bones

A

bursae of synovial joint

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24
Q

function of bursa in synovial joint

A

cushion and support, aid movement of tendons; stop friction

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25
Q

type of movement- two opposing surfaces slide past one another

A

gliding

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26
Q

a change in angle between the shaft and the articular surface

A

angular movement

27
Q

a type of angular motion– rotation around the shaft while changing the angle

A

circumduction

28
Q

spinning of the shaft without changing the angle

A

rotation

29
Q

type of angular movement– moving away from the midline

A

abduction

30
Q

type of angular movement– moving toward the midline

A

adduction

31
Q

increasing the angle

A

extension

32
Q

decreasing the angle

A

flexion

33
Q

increasing angle beyond normal

A

hyperextension

34
Q
  • bone surfaces are flat or slightly curved.
  • side to side movement only
  • rotation prevented by ligaments
    ex: intercarpal and intertarsal joints
A

plane joint

35
Q
  • convex surface of one bones fits into concave surface of 2nd bone
  • uniaxial
  • ex: knee, elbow
  • flexion, extension and hyperextension
A

hinge joint

36
Q
  • rounded surface of bone articulations with ring formed by 2nd bone and ligament
  • uniaxial– allows only rotation around longitudinal axis
  • ex: proximal radioulnar joint
  • supination, pronation, turning head
A

pivot joint

37
Q

intervertebral articulation– vertebrae articulate at superior and inferior articular processes

  • plane joint
  • restricts lateral movement
A

zygapophysial

38
Q

allows flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation

- 2 types: anulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus

A

discs

39
Q

part of discs within the vertebrae– fibrocartilage of discs

A

anulus fibrosus

40
Q

jelly like packaging found on inside of discs

A

nucleus pulposus

41
Q

“slipped disc. nucleus pulposus breaks through the annulus fibrosus– caused when too much, uneven pressure is added onto the disc– movements of vertebral column compresses nucleus

A

herniated disc

42
Q

glenohumeral joint– head of humerus meets glenoid cavity. glenoid cavity covered by glenoid labrum

A

shoulder

43
Q

a ring of dense irregular connective tissue attached to the margin of the glenoid cavity

A

glenoid labrum

44
Q

oval shaped projection fits into oval depression. biaxial (flexion/extension, adduction/abduction). EX: wrist and metacarpals

A

condylar joint

45
Q

one bone saddled-shaped other bone fits into it. biaxial– circumduction allows thumb to travel in a circle. opposition allows tip of thumb to touch other tip of other finger
EX: trapezium or carpus and metacarpal of thumb

A

saddle joint

46
Q

ball fitting into a cuplike depression. Multiaxial (flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, rotation) EX: shoulder joint and hip joint

A

ball and socket joint

47
Q

modified hinge joint. between condylar process of mandible and mandibular fossa. condyles slide back and forth along joint socket. 2 synovial joints

A

temporomandibular joint

48
Q

tibiofemoral joint– hinge (flexion/ extension, some rotation) & patellofemoral joint (plane– gliding)

A

knee joint

49
Q

ankle joints (3)

A

tibiotalar, tibiofibular, fibulotalar

50
Q

what movement is ankle joint involved in

A

dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

51
Q

foot joints

A

intertarsal, tarsometatarsal,metatarsalphalangeal, interphalangeal

52
Q

plane joints between tarsals

A

intertarsal foot joint

53
Q

plane joints between tarsals and metatarsals

A

tarsometatarsal foot joint

54
Q

condylar joints between metatarsals and digits

A

metatarsophalangeal foot joint

55
Q

hinge joint in digits

A

interphalangeal

56
Q

involves two joints: humerus and uluna (hinge)– flexion and tension; and ulna and radius (pivot)– pronation and supination

A

elbow

57
Q

radiocarpal joint, intercarpal joint, and carpometacarpal joints, metacarpophalengeal, interphalangeal joints involved in

A

wrist and hand joints

58
Q

radius and 3 proximal carpals– involve flexion/extension, adduction/abduction

A

radicarpal joint of wrist and hand

59
Q

plane joint in wrist and hand

A

intercarpal joints

60
Q

thumb (saddle) and other digits (plane) of wrist and hand

A

carpometacarpal joints

61
Q

hand to fingers (condylar)– adduction/abduction and flexion/extension in wrist and hand

A

metacarpophalengeal joint

62
Q

fingers (hinge)– felxion extension. in the hand and wrist

A

interphalangeal joints

63
Q

femoral head meets acetabulum of pelvs
ball and socket
labrum extends the size of the acetabulum

A

hip joint

Anatomy (17 decks)

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