Chapter 5- Skeletal system

Question 1

two divisons

Answer 1

axial and appendicular

Question 2

head and center of body (skull, ribs, vertebral column)

Answer 2

axial skeleton

Question 3

movement (limbs, pelvis)

Answer 3

appendicular skeleton

Question 4

two types of bone tissue

Answer 4

compact and spongy

Question 5

type of bone tissue; dense, smooth bone

Answer 5

compact bone

Question 6

type of bone tissue; bone with open spaces

Answer 6

spongy bone

Question 7

components of the skeletal system

Answer 7

cartilage, bone, tendons, ligaments

Question 8

fxn of skeletal system

Answer 8

protection, support, movement, storage, blood cell production

Question 9

most common, but weakest type of cartilage
LEAST FIBROUS
FOUND WHERE COMPRESSION OCCURS
structure: chrondrocytes, chondrotin sulfate, some collagen
location: embryonic skeleton, articular surfaces, resp passage, nasal septum, between ribs and sternum

Answer 9

hyaline cartilage

Question 10

structure: chrondrocytes, chrondrotin sulfate, densely packed elastic fibers in matrix
flexible– allows for tension
location; auricle, tip and lateral walls of nose, epiglottis

Answer 10

elastic cartilage

Question 11

structure: chrondrocytes, chrondrotin sulfates, densely packed collagen fibers
VERY STRONG. resists tension and compression
location: intervertebral disc, public symphysis, articular cartilage in knee

Answer 11

fibrocartilage

Question 12

fibrous connective tissue sheet that surrounds cartilage; provides support and protection and new chondrocytes to make new cartilage
location: hyaline cartilage and elastic cartilage

Answer 12

perichondrium

Question 13

two layers of perichondrium

Answer 13

outer and inner

Question 14

layer of perichondrium that binds cartilage to adjacent tissues; provides support and protection– CTP that binds

Answer 14

outer layer of perichondrium

Question 15

layer of perichondrium that it known fro growth and maintenance– where the tissue comes from

Answer 15

inner layer of perichondrium

Question 16

growth process in which one adds to the outside

Answer 16

apositional growth

Question 17

growth process in which one adds from the inside out

Answer 17

interstitial growth

Question 18

supportive connective tissue that contains specialized cells. has a solid extra cellular matrix that contains fibers in the bone tissue (osteoids)

Answer 18

osseous tissue

Question 19

mesenchymal cell that plays a role in initial bone growth and fracture repair. precursor to osteoblasts

Answer 19

osteoprogenitor

Question 20

derived from osteogenic cells. secrete osteoid. common in growing bone. before osteocytes. INCREASED ACTIVITY = STRONGER BONE

Answer 20

osteoblast

Question 21

mature bone cells. exist within the matrix. maintain Ca an PO4. found in spaces of the lacunae

Answer 21

osteocytes

Question 22

involved in osteolysis (break down of bone tissue)// breaks down the matrix. INCREASED ACTIVITY = WEAKER BONES. very large cell that is formed from many white blood stem cells

Answer 22

osteoclasts

Question 23

a unit of compact bone. involves concentric lamellae of matrix surrounding the central canal. contains blood and nerves. connected to each other by perforating canals

Answer 23

osteons

Question 24

type of lamellae where layers of bone surround the central canal. it is made up of osteons

Answer 24

concentric lamellae

Question 25

type of lamellae found between osteons. represents older osteons partially removed during tissue remodeling

Answer 25

interstitual lamellae

Question 26

type of lamellae that surrounds the compact bone. it is directly produced from the periosteum

Answer 26

circumferential lamellae

Question 27

type of bone that contain trabeculae, osteocytes in the lacunae, has canaliculi and matrix. DOES NOT HAVE OSTEONS OR CENTRAL CANAL

Answer 27

spongy bone

Question 28

latticework of thin plates of bone oriented along lines of stress. spaces filled with red marrow when blood cells can develop. found on ends of long bones and inside flat bones. lightens the bone for easier movement

Answer 28

trabeculae

Question 29

encloses bone. absent at site of attachment of muscles, tendons and ligament-- surfaces covered by articular cartilage. has two layers

Answer 29

periosteum

Question 30

layer of periosteum that gives rise to collagen

Answer 30

outer fibrous layer of periosteum

Question 31

layer of perisoteum used for growth or new cells and maintenance

Answer 31

inner layer of periosteum

Question 32

one cell layer. covers surfaces of spongy bone and medullary cavity. cell types found here osteogenic, osteoblasts, osteoclasts

Answer 32

endosteum

Question 33

shaft of the bone

Answer 33

diaphysis

Question 34

one end of a long bone

Answer 34

epiphysis

Question 35

growth plate region of the bone

Answer 35

metaphysis

Question 36

found over joint surfaces. acts as friction and shock absorbers

Answer 36

articular cartilage

Question 37

marrow cavity of the bone

Answer 37

medullary cavity

Question 38

type of bone marrow-- areolar and adipose CT. found in meduallary cavity of long bones. stores energy and is absent in infants

Answer 38

yellow marrow

Question 39

type of bone marrow-- areolar and myeloid tissue. produces all types of blood cells. found in medullary cavities of infants and spongy bone in adults

Answer 39

red marrow

Question 40

provides blood and nerve supply to periosteum

Answer 40

periosteal arteries

Question 41

supplies compact bone of diaphysis and yellow marrow. enters through nutrient foramen

Answer 41

nutrient arteries

Question 42

supply red marrow and bone tissue of epiphyses and metaphyses

Answer 42

metaphyseal and epipyseal arteries

Question 43

replacing connective tissue with bone

Answer 43

ossification

Question 44

types of ossification

Answer 44

intramembranous and endochondral

Question 45

type of ossification that transforms mesenchymal cells to spongy bone

Answer 45

intramembranous ossification

Question 46

type of ossification that transforms hyaline cartilage to spongy bone

Answer 46

endochondral ossification

Question 47

break that does not penetrate the skin

Answer 47

simple break

Question 48

break when broken bone penetrates through skin

Answer 48

compound break

Question 49

abnormal reduction of bone mass-- due to loss of estrogen at menopause, deficiency of minerals in youth, imbalance in activity between osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Answer 49

osteoporosis