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Anatomy > chapter 21- cardiovascular system: heart > Flashcards

chapter 21- cardiovascular system: heart Flashcards

1
Q

key topics of heart

A
  • vital to survival
  • caries oxygen and nutrients to tissues
  • carries wastes away from tissues
  • closed system
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2
Q

double circuit involves

A

pulmonary and systemic circuts

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3
Q

heart to lungs and back– oxygenates blood

A

pulmonary

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4
Q

heart to body and back– delivers oxygen to tissues

A

systemic

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5
Q

structure of the heart

A

cone shaped

  • inside pericardial cavit
  • which is inside the mediastinum
  • apex tipped toward the inferior and left
  • base superior
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6
Q

membrane of the heart

A

pericardium

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7
Q

membranes within the pericardium

A

parietal pericardium, epicardium

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8
Q

double serous membrane with fibrous coat. made up of several levels: parietal pericardium and epicardium

A

pericardium

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9
Q

outer layer of sac within the pericardium. fibrous and areolar layer

A

parietal pericardium

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10
Q

also known as visceral pericardium— inner layer of sac. adheres to the heart wall

A

epicardium

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11
Q

space between the layers of the pericardium. contains serous fluid

A

pericardial cavity

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12
Q

wall of the heart

A

epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

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13
Q

also known as visceral pericardium– functions as protective outer layer

A

epicardium

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14
Q

middle layer– responsible for contractions. made of cardiac muscle

A

myocardium

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15
Q

inner layer– lines and protects chambers and valves. continuous with endothelium of heart blood vessels

A

endocardium

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16
Q

components of cardiac muscle tissue

A 
striated
aerobic respiration
short T-tubules
autorhythmic
connected mechanically & chemically
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17
Q

known as gap junctions

A

intercelated discs

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18
Q

4 chambers of the heart

A

2 atria, 2 ventricles

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19
Q

superior chambers that receive blood from veins. have auricles

A

atria

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20
Q

flaps in the atria where blood pools

A

auricles

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21
Q

inferior chambers of the heart. force blood out to arteries. have structural differences between the left and right

A

ventricles

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22
Q

differences between the left and right ventricles

A

left = thicker and stronger
right- goes only to the lungs
right- pouch shaped

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23
Q

valves in the heart

A

tricuspid (right AV valve) and bicuspid (left AV valve)

24
Q

at right atrioventricular orifice. open when atrial force is greater and close when ventricular force is greater. 3 cusps

A

tricuspid– right AV valve

25
Q

at left atrioventricular orifice. 2 cusps

A

bicuspid– left AV valve

26
Q

heart strings. hold valves in place. attached to cusps on ventricle side. prevents cusps from collapsing into the atria when valve is closed. prevents back flow

A

chordae tendonae

27
Q

components of chordae tendonae

A

papillary muscles and trabeculae carnae

28
Q

small bundles of muscle. attach to the chordae tendonae. when valves close, these muscle contract and tighten cords

A

papillary muscle

29
Q

scaffolding on interior walls

A

trabeculae carnae

30
Q

semilunar valves in the heart

A

pulmonary and aortic

31
Q

found between ventricles and artery

A

semilunar valves– pulmonary and aortic

32
Q

valve found on the right side of heart. at entrance to pulmonary trunk. open when right ventrical contracts

A

pulmonary valve

33
Q

valve on the left side of the heart. at entrance to aorta. open when left ventricle contracts

A

aortic valve

34
Q

path of blood

A

-superior/inferior vena cava/ coronary sinus
- right AV valve
- right ventricle
- pulmonary valve
- pulmonary trunk
- lungs
pulmonary veins
- left atrium
- left AV valve
- left ventricle
- aortic valve
- aorta
- tissues

35
Q

supplies the heart issues with blood. blockage can result in a heart tissue dying

A

coronary circulation

36
Q

branch directly off of the aorta as it emerges. involve left and right coronary arteries

A

coronary arteries

37
Q

the coronary arteries

A

left and right coronary arteries

38
Q

arteries dealing with left coronary artery

A

circumflex, anterior interventricular artery

39
Q

arteries dealing with right coronary artery

A

posterior interventiruclar artery, marginal artery

40
Q

drain myocardium. travel with arteries. involve cardiac veins and coronary sinus

A

cardiac veins

41
Q

veins involved in the cardiac veins

A

great, middle, small. coronary sinus

42
Q

contractile phase; chamber empties

A

systole

43
Q

relaxation phase; chambers fill

A

diastole

44
Q

heart beat is enabled

A

nodal cells and conducting fibers

45
Q

specialized muscle cells that conduct action potentials

A

nodal cells

46
Q

distributes stimulus to myocardium

A

conducting fibers

47
Q

conducting system of heart

A

AP moves down heart, causing it to contract unevenly – atria contract before ventricles

48
Q

tests cardiac output for heart. involves P, QRS, and T waves.

A

electrocardiogram

49
Q

P- waves indicate

A

depoalrization of atria

50
Q

QRS waves indicate

A

depolarization of ventricle

51
Q

T waves indicate

A

repolarization of ventricles

52
Q

spontaneous contractions

A

autorhythmicity

53
Q

chemical that control autorhythmicity

A

NE and E

54
Q

significance of the release of E and NE

A

increase rate and force of the heart

55
Q

neural control in medulla deals with

A

cardioacceleratory centers and cardioinhibitory centers

56
Q

neural control center in medulla that releases NE and increases HR

A

cardioacceleratory centers

57
Q

neural control center in medulla that releases ACh and decrease HR

A

cardioinhibitory centers

Anatomy (17 decks)

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