Chapter 22-- Blood Vessels and Circulation

Question 1

components of blood vessels

Answer 1

closed circuit of tubes
made of arteries and veins
oxygen does not distinguish arteries from veins

Question 2

carry blood away from the heart

Answer 2

arteries

Question 3

returns blood to the heart

Answer 3

veins

Question 4

system of circulation

Answer 4

heart— arteries– arterioles– capillaries– venules– veins– heart

Question 5

smooth surface for blood flow. made of simple squamous epithelium

Answer 5

endothelium

Question 6

tissues found in the BV

Answer 6

endothelium, CT, smooth muscle

Question 7

tissue in the BV that provides elasticity to withstand BP changes

Answer 7

CT

Question 8

tissue in the BV that deals with vasoconstriction and vasodialation

Answer 8

smooth muscle

Question 9

layers of the BV

Answer 9

tunica intima, tunica media, adventitia

Question 10

layer of BV tissue– inner most. endothelium on top of CT membrane. internal elastic membrane. functions to separate blood flow from vessel wall; prevent blood clotting and helps regulate BP

Answer 10

tunica intima

Question 11

function of the tunica intima

Answer 11

separate blood flow from vessel wall; prevent blood clotting and helps regulate BP

Question 12

layer of BV tissue– middle layer. bulk of wall. made of smooth muscle and elastic CT

Answer 12

tunica media

Question 13

layer of BV tissue– outer layer. thin. made of CT, elastic and collagenous fibers. attaches arteries to surround tissues. contains vaso vasorum

Answer 13

adventitia

Question 14

provides blood to the outer most part of the adventita– BV to the BV

Answer 14

vasa vasorum

Question 15

characteristics of arteries

Answer 15

strong and elastic. subdivide into arterioles

Question 16

differences from veins

Answer 16

artery wall is thicker
artery lumen appears smaller
endothelium of artery can not contract

Question 17

types of arteries

Answer 17

elastic, muscular

Question 18

type or artery– large diameter. in areas of high pressure. media : high % in elastic tissue and less smooth muscle

Answer 18

elastic artery

Question 19

type of artery– large to small diameter. carry blood to skeletal muscle and organs. media: much smooth muscle, less elastic tissue

Answer 19

muscular artery

Question 20

microscopic continuations of arteries: small in diameter, adventia is thin, no external elastic membrane. no vasa vasorum

Answer 20

arterioles

Question 21

small diameter
adventia is thin
no external elastic membrane
no vasa vasorum

Answer 21

arterioles

Question 22

consist of only intima. very thin and very permeable. allow for material exchange

Answer 22

capillaries

Question 23

materials exchange that occurs in capillaries

Answer 23

nutrients, dissolved gases and wastes

Question 24

capillary permeability maximized by

Answer 24

thin wall. low BP and slow blood flow

Question 25

mechanism of permeability-- diffusion across?

Answer 25

diffusion across endothelial cells, through gaps between endothelium, through pores, and vascular transport with pinocytes

Question 26

mechanism of permeability-- diffusion across endothelial cells include:

Answer 26

lipids and gases

Question 27

mechanism of permeability-- diffusion through gaps between endothelium include:

Answer 27

water and small solutes

Question 28

mechanism of permeability-- diffusion through pores include:

Answer 28

water and large solutes

Question 29

mechanism of permeability-- vesicular transport with pinocytes include:

Answer 29

large bound solutes

Question 30

types of capillaries

Answer 30

continuous, fenestrated, sinusoid

Question 31

include many tight junctions, desmosomes and pinocytes. allow for movement by passive diffusion and active transport

Answer 31

continuous capillaries

Question 32

location of continuous capillaries

Answer 32

CNS< skeletal muscle and lungs

Question 33

swish cheese appearance (pores) and allow movement of peptides and small proteins

Answer 33

fenestrated capillaries

Question 34

location of fenestrated capillaries

Answer 34

kidneys, intestines, endocrine glands, choriod plexus

Question 35

specialized for max exchange by large intercellular gaps, pores, discontinuous basement membrane -- allows cells to enter and exit

Answer 35

sinusoid capillaries

Question 36

location of sinusoid capillaries

Answer 36

spleen, bone marrow, liver and adrenal glands

Question 37

network of interconnected capillaries. derived from arterioles. involve precapillary sphincters and metaarterioles

Answer 37

capillary beds

Question 38

manages blood flow to bed

Answer 38

precapillary sphincters

Question 39

a direct connect through the bed. leads to a throughfare channel

Answer 39

metaarterioles

Question 40

anastomoses involves

Answer 40

collateral arteries and arteriovenous anastomosis

Question 41

two large arteries fuse. twice as much blood supplies the arteries. found in areas with high O2 demands

Answer 41

collateral arteries

Question 42

direct connection between arteriole and venules. where bloodo flow may be hindered by posture

Answer 42

arteriovenous anastomosis

Question 43

smalles veins that collect blood from capillaries. can lack a media. scatter, minimal amount of smooth muscles occasionally

Answer 43

venules

Question 44

2-9 mm in diameter. thin media. few smooth muscle fibers. thick adventitia. low BP and valves

Answer 44

medium sized veins

Question 45

great vein, superior and inferior vena cave and their tributaries. thin media. thick adventita. low BP. valves

Answer 45

large sized veins

Question 46

flap like structures projecting inward-- folds of media found in the extremities. prevent back flow. move blood through veins

Answer 46

venous veins

Question 47

process of moving blood through veins

Answer 47

movement of limbs and contraction of muscles + the expanison of the thoracic cavity cause blood to move up the vein

Question 48

moevment of limbs and contraction of muscles

Answer 48

skeletal muscle pump

Question 49

expansion of the thoracic cavity

Answer 49

thoracoabdominal pump

Question 50

circuit

Answer 50

pulmonary adn systemic

Question 51

pulmonary circuit

Answer 51

deoxy blood goes to lungs from right ventricle oxy blood in alveolar capillaries of lungs brought to left atrium then left ventricle veins = oxygentated arterie = deoxy

Question 52

systemic circuit

Answer 52

oxy blood goes from left ventricle to body deoxy occurs in systemic capillaries brought to right atrium, then to right ventricle. veins= deoxy. arteries = oxy