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Anatomy > Chapter 22-- Blood Vessels and Circulation > Flashcards

Chapter 22-- Blood Vessels and Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

components of blood vessels

A

closed circuit of tubes
made of arteries and veins
oxygen does not distinguish arteries from veins

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2
Q

carry blood away from the heart

A

arteries

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3
Q

returns blood to the heart

A

veins

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4
Q

system of circulation

A

heart— arteries– arterioles– capillaries– venules– veins– heart

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5
Q

smooth surface for blood flow. made of simple squamous epithelium

A

endothelium

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6
Q

tissues found in the BV

A

endothelium, CT, smooth muscle

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7
Q

tissue in the BV that provides elasticity to withstand BP changes

A

CT

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8
Q

tissue in the BV that deals with vasoconstriction and vasodialation

A

smooth muscle

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9
Q

layers of the BV

A

tunica intima, tunica media, adventitia

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10
Q

layer of BV tissue– inner most. endothelium on top of CT membrane. internal elastic membrane. functions to separate blood flow from vessel wall; prevent blood clotting and helps regulate BP

A

tunica intima

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11
Q

function of the tunica intima

A

separate blood flow from vessel wall; prevent blood clotting and helps regulate BP

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12
Q

layer of BV tissue– middle layer. bulk of wall. made of smooth muscle and elastic CT

A

tunica media

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13
Q

layer of BV tissue– outer layer. thin. made of CT, elastic and collagenous fibers. attaches arteries to surround tissues. contains vaso vasorum

A

adventitia

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14
Q

provides blood to the outer most part of the adventita– BV to the BV

A

vasa vasorum

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15
Q

characteristics of arteries

A

strong and elastic. subdivide into arterioles

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16
Q

differences from veins

A

artery wall is thicker
artery lumen appears smaller
endothelium of artery can not contract

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17
Q

types of arteries

A

elastic, muscular

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18
Q

type or artery– large diameter. in areas of high pressure. media : high % in elastic tissue and less smooth muscle

A

elastic artery

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19
Q

type of artery– large to small diameter. carry blood to skeletal muscle and organs. media: much smooth muscle, less elastic tissue

A

muscular artery

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20
Q

microscopic continuations of arteries: small in diameter, adventia is thin, no external elastic membrane. no vasa vasorum

A

arterioles

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21
Q

small diameter
adventia is thin
no external elastic membrane
no vasa vasorum

A

arterioles

22
Q

consist of only intima. very thin and very permeable. allow for material exchange

A

capillaries

23
Q

materials exchange that occurs in capillaries

A

nutrients, dissolved gases and wastes

24
Q

capillary permeability maximized by

A

thin wall. low BP and slow blood flow

25
Q

mechanism of permeability– diffusion across?

A

diffusion across endothelial cells, through gaps between endothelium, through pores, and vascular transport with pinocytes

26
Q

mechanism of permeability– diffusion across endothelial cells include:

A

lipids and gases

27
Q

mechanism of permeability– diffusion through gaps between endothelium include:

A

water and small solutes

28
Q

mechanism of permeability– diffusion through pores include:

A

water and large solutes

29
Q

mechanism of permeability– vesicular transport with pinocytes include:

A

large bound solutes

30
Q

types of capillaries

A

continuous, fenestrated, sinusoid

31
Q

include many tight junctions, desmosomes and pinocytes. allow for movement by passive diffusion and active transport

A

continuous capillaries

32
Q

location of continuous capillaries

A

CNS< skeletal muscle and lungs

33
Q

swish cheese appearance (pores) and allow movement of peptides and small proteins

A

fenestrated capillaries

34
Q

location of fenestrated capillaries

A

kidneys, intestines, endocrine glands, choriod plexus

35
Q

specialized for max exchange by large intercellular gaps, pores, discontinuous basement membrane
– allows cells to enter and exit

A

sinusoid capillaries

36
Q

location of sinusoid capillaries

A

spleen, bone marrow, liver and adrenal glands

37
Q

network of interconnected capillaries. derived from arterioles. involve precapillary sphincters and metaarterioles

A

capillary beds

38
Q

manages blood flow to bed

A

precapillary sphincters

39
Q

a direct connect through the bed. leads to a throughfare channel

A

metaarterioles

40
Q

anastomoses involves

A

collateral arteries and arteriovenous anastomosis

41
Q

two large arteries fuse. twice as much blood supplies the arteries. found in areas with high O2 demands

A

collateral arteries

42
Q

direct connection between arteriole and venules. where bloodo flow may be hindered by posture

A

arteriovenous anastomosis

43
Q

smalles veins that collect blood from capillaries. can lack a media. scatter, minimal amount of smooth muscles occasionally

A

venules

44
Q

2-9 mm in diameter. thin media. few smooth muscle fibers. thick adventitia. low BP and valves

A

medium sized veins

45
Q

great vein, superior and inferior vena cave and their tributaries. thin media. thick adventita. low BP. valves

A

large sized veins

46
Q

flap like structures projecting inward– folds of media found in the extremities. prevent back flow. move blood through veins

A

venous veins

47
Q

process of moving blood through veins

A

movement of limbs and contraction of muscles + the expanison of the thoracic cavity cause blood to move up the vein

48
Q

moevment of limbs and contraction of muscles

A

skeletal muscle pump

49
Q

expansion of the thoracic cavity

A

thoracoabdominal pump

50
Q

circuit

A

pulmonary adn systemic

51
Q

pulmonary circuit

A

deoxy blood goes to lungs from right ventricle
oxy blood in alveolar capillaries of lungs
brought to left atrium then left ventricle
veins = oxygentated
arterie = deoxy

52
Q

systemic circuit

A

oxy blood goes from left ventricle to body
deoxy occurs in systemic capillaries
brought to right atrium, then to right ventricle. veins= deoxy. arteries = oxy

Anatomy (17 decks)

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