Chapter 13- Neural Tissue Flashcards
general makeup of neural tissue
many organs, composed of many tissues– CT, BV, neurons and neuroglia
two communication systems
nervous and endocrine
- coordinates all body systems
- accomplished by the transmission of signals (body to CNS) and (CNS to body)
- electrochemical signaling
- direct, fast, specific signaling
nervous system
- slow scale signaling
- long lasting signaling
- uses chemicals in the blood stream called horomones
endocrine system
2 divisions
central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
nervous system that involves brain and spinal chord
CNS
nervous system that involves cranial and spinal nerves
PNS
extension of CNS to communicate with appendicular limbs and body
PNS
- brain and spinal chord
- covered by meningies
- starts as hollow tube
- bathed in cerebrospinal fluid
- integration center
CNS
consists of cranial and spinal nerves hats contain both sensory and motor fibers
- connects CNS to muscles, glands, and all sensory receptors
- brings info to and from the CNS
PNS
sending things to the CNS
sensory fibers
sending things from CNS to organs
motor fibers
two types of peripheral nervous systems
afferent and efferent
part of peripheral nervous system that deals with sensory
afferent divison
part of peripheral nervous system that deals with motor
efferent division
two divisions of the efferent division of PNS
somatic division and autonomic division
efferent division of PNS that deals with conscious and voluntary
somatic
efferent division of PNS that deals with unconscious and involuntary
autonomic
general fxns of nervous system
receptors sensory integrative motor effector
makeup of nervous tissue
neurons and neuroglia
structural and functional units. excitable and amitotic. send signal from one part ot another. very specialized
neurons
accessory cells that act like CT. covers all things. support team of the neurons with diverse jobs
neuroglial cells
3 major structures of neuron
axon
dendrites
soma
cell body of neurons. mononucleate
soma
what soma consists of
nissl bodies, axon hillock, perikaryon, neurofibrils
part of the soma– involves ribosmees clusters, give grey color
Nissl bodies
part of the soma– connects soma to the axon
axon hillock
part of the soma– region around the nucleus
perikaryon
part of the soma– cytoskeleton that extend into dendrites/axons; gives shape
neurofibrils
- respond to neurotransmitters
- short branched, unmyelinated
- specialized for contact with other neurons
- conducts impulses towards the cell body
dendrites
only one per cell
- conducts nerve impulses away from the soma
- can give off collaterals
- many wrapped in myelin sheath
- dont have receptive surface
axon
branches off of the axon
collaterals
glial cells wrapped around the axon. help to increase speed of signal that is sent by
myelin sheath
structure end in the synaptic terminal
- produce neurotransmitters
- may contact: another neuron, muscle fibers, glands
axon
axoplasmic transport. movement of cellular materials through the axon– two types: anterograde and retrograde
axonal transport
type of axonal transport. moves material away from the soma; neurotransmitters, organelles, and nutrients
anterograde axonal transport
type of axonal transport. moves material toward the cell; degrade material to be recycled an extracellular substances
retrograde axonal transport