Chapter 4- Integumentary System

Question 1

Epidermal cell types

Answer 1

keratinocytes, melanocytes, langerhan cells, Merkel cells

Question 2

cells that produce keratin and provide protection

Answer 2

keratinocytes

Question 3

cells that produce melanin

Answer 3

melanocytes

Question 4

cells from bone marrow and are apart of the immune response

Answer 4

Langerhan cells

Question 5

cells that are in the deepest layer. form touch receptor with sensory neuron

Answer 5

Merkel cells

Question 6

process of keratinization

Answer 6

1. stem cells divide and produce keratinocytes at basal lamina
2. keratinocytes pushed to surface– fill with keratin and begin to due
3. removed from outer layer if in contact with abrasion

Question 7

layer of epidermis (5)

Answer 7

1. stratum germinativum (bottom)
2. stratum spinosum
3. stratum granulosum
4. stratum lucidum (not present in thin skin layer)
5. stratum corneum (top)

Question 8

deepest layer of cells– combo of merkel cells, melanocytes, keratinocytes, and stem cells that divide repeatedly

Answer 8

stratum germinativum

Question 9

how are cells in stratum germinativum attached to each other and the basal lamina?

Answer 9

desmosomes and hemidesmosomes

Question 10

8- 10 cell layer held together by dermosomes. melanin taken in by phagocytosis from nearby melanocytes

Answer 10

stratum spinosum

Question 11

3-5 layer of flat dying cells. show nucelar degeneration. contain dark-staining keratohyalin granules

Answer 11

stratum granulosum

Question 12

seen in thick skin on palms and soles of feet. 3-5 layers of clear, flat, dead cells–not stained anymore

Answer 12

stratum lucidum

Question 13

25-30 layers of flat dead cells filled with keratin and surrounded by lipids. continuously shed. barrier to light, heat, water, chemicals and bacteria. friction stimulate callus formation

Answer 13

stratum corneum

Question 14

found on palmar and plantar surfaces. about 30 layers of stratum corneum. contains all 5 layers of skin

Answer 14

thick skin

Question 15

skin found on the rest of the body surfaces. has few layers of stratum corneum– does not have stratum lucidum

Answer 15

thin skin

Question 16

produced in epidermis by melanocytes

Answer 16

melanin

Question 17

type of melanin– typical brown or black

Answer 17

eumelanin

Question 18

type of melanin– red-brown

Answer 18

pheomelanin

Question 19

skin pigment– yellow orange pigment that is found in stratum croneum and subcutaneous

Answer 19

carotene

Question 20

skin pigment- red, oxygenated pigment in blood cells

Answer 20

hemoglobin

Question 21

part of the cutaneous membrane; composed of two layers– papillary layer and reticular layer

Answer 21

dermis

Question 22

layer found within the dermis- composed of areolar CT. job is to connect the epidermis to the lower layers of the dermis. contain neurons and capillaries for nutrients to be carried to the dermis. contain dermal papillae

Answer 22

papillary layer

Question 23

layer found within the dermis– anchors the skin to the rest of the body. contains large vessels, nerves, adipocytes, arrector pill muscle. composed of dense irregular CT

Answer 23

reticular layer

Question 24

blood supplied to skin through 2 processes

Answer 24

cutaneous plexus and papillary plexus

Question 25

network of arteries and veins supplying skin with blood. found in the subcutaneous layer

Answer 25

cutaneous plexus

Question 26

follows epidermal and dermal boundary. helps nourish epidermal layer

Answer 26

papillary plexus

Question 27

also known as superficial fascia//subcutaneous layer. consists of areolar CT and adipose CT. made up of collagen and elastic fibers. has no distinct boundry with the dermis. acts as insulator and stabilizer of the skin

Answer 27

hypodermis

Question 28

found on surfaces except for hands, feet, fingers, lips, and eyeballs. 3 different types. varies on body location, age and gender

Answer 28

hair

Question 29

3 types of hair

Answer 29

vellus, terminal, intermediate

Question 30

type of hair-- thinest known as peach fuzz

Answer 30

vellus hair

Question 31

type of hair-- thicker with darker pigment. mainly found on the head

Answer 31

terminal hair

Question 32

type of hair-- found on the arms. not too thick and not too thin

Answer 32

intermediate hair

Question 33

what parts does the hair consist of

Answer 33

shaft, root and bulb. cuticle, cortex, medulla

Question 34

hair growth stages

Answer 34

anagen stage, catagen stage, telogen stage

Question 35

hair growth stage that last up to 6 years depending on the body part. matrix cells at the base of hair root producing length

Answer 35

anagen stage

Question 36

hair growth stage that last up to 2 weeks. matrix cells inactive and follicle atrophies

Answer 36

catagen stage

Question 37

hair growth stage when hair follicle remains dormant.. hair is eventually pushed out by new hair as cycle renews

Answer 37

telogen stage

Question 38

glands of the skin

Answer 38

sebaceous, sudoriferous, ceruminous, mammary

Question 39

oil glands. secrete sebum by holocine secretion.

Answer 39

sebaceous glands

Question 40

sweat glands. coiled tubular gland. under neutral control. two types-- apocrine and merocine

Answer 40

sudoriferous glands

Question 41

use merocrine system of exocrine secretion-- on most body surfaces-- greatest on palm. involves sensible perspiration. function: cooling and protection

Answer 41

sudoriferous -merocrine sweat glans

Question 42

uses merocrine system of exocrine secretions. associated with the hair follicle. located on axillae, areolae, groin. produces viscous secretion starting at puberty. function: reduce friction, cooling,secrete pheromones

Answer 42

sudoriferous- apocrine sweat glands

Question 43

modified apocrine gland-- milk production

Answer 43

mammary

Question 44

modified apocrine gland-- in external ear. secretion mixes with sebum to create ear wax

Answer 44

ceruminous

Question 45

keratinized plate-like structure

Answer 45

nail

Question 46

surface of skin that covers nail body

Answer 46

nail bed

Question 47

source of nail production

Answer 47

nail root

Question 48

whitish, half moon region at base of nail plate due to obscured blood vessels

Answer 48

lunula

Question 49

tissue damage and cell death caused by heat, electricity, UV radiation or chemicals

Answer 49

burns

Question 50

associated dangers with burns

Answer 50

dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, circulatory shock

Question 51

type of burn; skin red and swollen-- only epidermis damaged

Answer 51

first degree burn

Question 52

type of burn; skin red with blisters-- epidermis and upper dermis damaged

Answer 52

second degree burn

Question 53

type of burn; gray, white or black-- destroys entire layer

Answer 53

thrid degree burn