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Anatomy > Chapter 4- Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chapter 4- Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Epidermal cell types

A

keratinocytes, melanocytes, langerhan cells, Merkel cells

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2
Q

cells that produce keratin and provide protection

A

keratinocytes

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3
Q

cells that produce melanin

A

melanocytes

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4
Q

cells from bone marrow and are apart of the immune response

A

Langerhan cells

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5
Q

cells that are in the deepest layer. form touch receptor with sensory neuron

A

Merkel cells

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6
Q

process of keratinization

A
  1. stem cells divide and produce keratinocytes at basal lamina
  2. keratinocytes pushed to surface– fill with keratin and begin to due
  3. removed from outer layer if in contact with abrasion
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7
Q

layer of epidermis (5)

A
  1. stratum germinativum (bottom)
  2. stratum spinosum
  3. stratum granulosum
  4. stratum lucidum (not present in thin skin layer)
  5. stratum corneum (top)
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8
Q

deepest layer of cells– combo of merkel cells, melanocytes, keratinocytes, and stem cells that divide repeatedly

A

stratum germinativum

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9
Q

how are cells in stratum germinativum attached to each other and the basal lamina?

A

desmosomes and hemidesmosomes

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10
Q

8- 10 cell layer held together by dermosomes. melanin taken in by phagocytosis from nearby melanocytes

A

stratum spinosum

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11
Q

3-5 layer of flat dying cells. show nucelar degeneration. contain dark-staining keratohyalin granules

A

stratum granulosum

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12
Q

seen in thick skin on palms and soles of feet. 3-5 layers of clear, flat, dead cells–not stained anymore

A

stratum lucidum

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13
Q

25-30 layers of flat dead cells filled with keratin and surrounded by lipids. continuously shed. barrier to light, heat, water, chemicals and bacteria. friction stimulate callus formation

A

stratum corneum

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14
Q

found on palmar and plantar surfaces. about 30 layers of stratum corneum. contains all 5 layers of skin

A

thick skin

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15
Q

skin found on the rest of the body surfaces. has few layers of stratum corneum– does not have stratum lucidum

A

thin skin

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16
Q

produced in epidermis by melanocytes

A

melanin

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17
Q

type of melanin– typical brown or black

A

eumelanin

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18
Q

type of melanin– red-brown

A

pheomelanin

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19
Q

skin pigment– yellow orange pigment that is found in stratum croneum and subcutaneous

A

carotene

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20
Q

skin pigment- red, oxygenated pigment in blood cells

A

hemoglobin

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21
Q

part of the cutaneous membrane; composed of two layers– papillary layer and reticular layer

A

dermis

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22
Q

layer found within the dermis- composed of areolar CT. job is to connect the epidermis to the lower layers of the dermis. contain neurons and capillaries for nutrients to be carried to the dermis. contain dermal papillae

A

papillary layer

23
Q

layer found within the dermis– anchors the skin to the rest of the body. contains large vessels, nerves, adipocytes, arrector pill muscle. composed of dense irregular CT

A

reticular layer

24
Q

blood supplied to skin through 2 processes

A

cutaneous plexus and papillary plexus

25
Q

network of arteries and veins supplying skin with blood. found in the subcutaneous layer

A

cutaneous plexus

26
Q

follows epidermal and dermal boundary. helps nourish epidermal layer

A

papillary plexus

27
Q

also known as superficial fascia//subcutaneous layer. consists of areolar CT and adipose CT. made up of collagen and elastic fibers. has no distinct boundry with the dermis. acts as insulator and stabilizer of the skin

A

hypodermis

28
Q

found on surfaces except for hands, feet, fingers, lips, and eyeballs. 3 different types. varies on body location, age and gender

A

hair

29
Q

3 types of hair

A

vellus, terminal, intermediate

30
Q

type of hair– thinest known as peach fuzz

A

vellus hair

31
Q

type of hair– thicker with darker pigment. mainly found on the head

A

terminal hair

32
Q

type of hair– found on the arms. not too thick and not too thin

A

intermediate hair

33
Q

what parts does the hair consist of

A

shaft, root and bulb. cuticle, cortex, medulla

34
Q

hair growth stages

A

anagen stage, catagen stage, telogen stage

35
Q

hair growth stage that last up to 6 years depending on the body part. matrix cells at the base of hair root producing length

A

anagen stage

36
Q

hair growth stage that last up to 2 weeks. matrix cells inactive and follicle atrophies

A

catagen stage

37
Q

hair growth stage when hair follicle remains dormant.. hair is eventually pushed out by new hair as cycle renews

A

telogen stage

38
Q

glands of the skin

A

sebaceous, sudoriferous, ceruminous, mammary

39
Q

oil glands. secrete sebum by holocine secretion.

A

sebaceous glands

40
Q

sweat glands. coiled tubular gland. under neutral control. two types– apocrine and merocine

A

sudoriferous glands

41
Q

use merocrine system of exocrine secretion– on most body surfaces– greatest on palm. involves sensible perspiration. function: cooling and protection

A

sudoriferous -merocrine sweat glans

42
Q

uses merocrine system of exocrine secretions. associated with the hair follicle. located on axillae, areolae, groin. produces viscous secretion starting at puberty. function: reduce friction, cooling,secrete pheromones

A

sudoriferous- apocrine sweat glands

43
Q

modified apocrine gland– milk production

A

mammary

44
Q

modified apocrine gland– in external ear. secretion mixes with sebum to create ear wax

A

ceruminous

45
Q

keratinized plate-like structure

A

nail

46
Q

surface of skin that covers nail body

A

nail bed

47
Q

source of nail production

A

nail root

48
Q

whitish, half moon region at base of nail plate due to obscured blood vessels

A

lunula

49
Q

tissue damage and cell death caused by heat, electricity, UV radiation or chemicals

A

burns

50
Q

associated dangers with burns

A

dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, circulatory shock

51
Q

type of burn; skin red and swollen– only epidermis damaged

A

first degree burn

52
Q

type of burn; skin red with blisters– epidermis and upper dermis damaged

A

second degree burn

53
Q

type of burn; gray, white or black– destroys entire layer

A

thrid degree burn

Anatomy (17 decks)

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