chapter 16-17 autonomic nervous system Flashcards
two types of pathways
ascending and descending
ascending tracts
conduct sensory impulses to brain
descending tract
conduct motor impulses to brain
ordered neurons involved in sensory pathway
1,2,3 order
sensory ordered neuron that sends sensory info to the CNS
first order
sensory ordered neuron that receives impulse first; spinal cord or brain stem
second order
sensory ordered neuron that carries signal from thalamus to cerebral cortex
3rd order
somatic motor pathways involve how many ordered neurons
1.2
somatic motor neuron that is in CNS
first order neuron
somatic motor neuron from CNS to effector
second order neuron
autonomic motor neuron involves what neurons
first order, pre ganglion and post ganglion
autonomic motor neuron in the CNS
first order
autonomic motor neiron from CNS to peripheral ganglion
pre ganglion neuron
autonomic motor neuron from ganglion to effector
post ganglion neuron
ascending pathways
posterior column pathway, later spinothalamic, anterior spinothalamic, anterior spinocerebellar, posterior spinocerebellar
ascending pathway which sides cross at medulla. sensory impulses from skin, muscle, tendons, joints– percieved as fine touch, pressure, body position
posterior column pathway
ascending pathway which sides cross in spinal cord. sensation fo pain and temperature
spinothalamic pathway– lateral tract
synapsing occur at spinothalamic pathway– lateral tract. where does it go through?
spine and thalamus. lateral white tract
synapsing occur at posterior white column. where does it go through?
medulla and thalamus. posterior white column
ascending pathway which sides cross in spinal cord. sensation of crude touch and pressure
spinothalamic pathway– anterior tract
synapsing occuring at spinothalamic– anterior tract. where does it go
spine and thalamus. anterior white column
ascending pathway that deal with the proprioception for fine coordination. no synapsing in the thalamus beuase it never makes it to the cortex– deals with subconscious processing
apinocerebellar pathway– anterior and lateral
ascending tract of spinocerebellar pathway that does not cross in spinal cord
posterior tract of spinocerebellar pathway
ascending tract of spinocerebellar pathway that does cross over in the spinal cord
anterior tract of spinocerebellar pathway
descending pathway which controls involontary movements. generally direct– upper motor neurons synapse onto lower motor neurons
corticospinal pathway
descending pathway that synapse with cortex and spinal cord
corticospinal pathways
types of corticospinal pathways
corticobulbar, lateral corticospinal, anterior corticospinal tracts
types of descending corticospinal pathway that deals with motor cranial nerves and exits the medulla
corticobulbar tract
type of descending corticospianl pathway that deals with motor spinal nerves and crosses over in the medulla
lateral corticospinal tract
type of descending corticospinal pathway that deals with motor spinal nerves but does not cross over
anterior corticospinal tract
type of descending pathway which stimulates and inhibits same lower motor neurons as corticospinal
medial pathway
types of descending medial pathways
vestibulospinal, tectospinal, reticulospinal tracts
descending medial pathway that deals with position and movement of the head
vestibulospinal tract
descending medial pathway that deals with reflexive head movements
tectospinal tract
descending medial pathway that deals with gross movements and muscle tone of trunks and proximal limb
reticulospinal tract
descending pathways that deal with muscle tome and precise movements of distal upper limb. stimulate and inhibit same lower motor neurons as corticospinal
lateral pathway
descending lateral pathway that starts in the red nucleus and crosses over. extends to cervical region of spinal cord. skeletal muscle of distal upper limb
rubrospinal tracts
system that functions continuously and independently. no conscious effort needed and controls visceral activities– HR BP breathing
autonomic nervous system
difference between autonomic and somatic
autonomic - two motor neurons (more synapse and ganglion) and somatic- one peripheral motor neuron( no peripheral synapse or ganglion)
autonomic nerve fibers (2)
post ganglion neuron and pre ganglion neuron
autonomic nerve fiber– soma in the CNS, axon leaves CNS and forms synapse in autonomic ganglia
pre ganglion neuron
autonomic nerve fiber– soma is autonomic ganglion and axon goes to visceral effector
post ganglion neuron
2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system
sympathetic and parasympathetic
division of the autonomic nervous system that deals with stressful situations
sympathetic nervous system
division of the autonomic nervous system that deals with restoring body to restful state
parasympathetic nervous system
where does the preganglionic fibers originate in sympathetic nervous system. where is soma?
thoracic and lumbar region (T1- L1). soma is in CNS
sympathetic ganglia =
chain ganglia and collateral ganglia
part of sympathetic ganglia– a sequence of ganglia running parallel to spinal column on either side
chain of ganglia
part of sympathetic ganglia– found in other parts of body. area for synapsing
collateral ganglia
sympathetic chain ganglia in the body
3 cervical 12 thoracic 2-5 lumbar 4-5 sacral 1 coccygeal
what is the chain of ganglia innervated by
presynaptic fibers from nerves T1- L1
preganglionic fibers leave _____ and enter chain via the ________
leave spinal nerve and enter white ramus
3 possible paths of preganglionic fibers leaving
- synapse with ganglia with the point where they enter
- travel through chain to synapse with another ganglia
- pass through and go directly to collaterals ganglia or adrenal gland
post ganglia exit via _____ to spinal nerve then to the _______ OR via ____ to ______
grey ramus; effector
sympathetic nerve; effector
process of collateral ganglia
presynaptic fibers go straight through chain ganglia without synapsing
- synapse with post ganglionic fiber in collateral ganglia
- post synaptic fibers usually go to abdominal viscera
major collateral ganglia
celiac
super mesenteric
inferior mesenteric
modified collateral ganglia. preganglionic fibers go straight through the chain and collaterals to get to it. enter straight into the medulla of the adrenal gland
adrenal medullae
modified post synaptic fibers into glandualr cells
chromaffin cells
adrenal medullae allows for the stimulation of hormones _____ and _____
norepinephrine and epinephrine
sympathetic activation involve what NT– first one, second one
ACh and norepinephrine
what receptor picks up ACh in sympatetic activation. function?
nicotinic receptors. stimulate post ganglionic neuron or adrenal medullae
what receptor picks up norepinepherine in sympathetic activation. function ?
adrenergenic receptor. stimulate target tissues
effects of sympathetic nervous system
inc alterness, energy euphoria, excite cardiovascular and resp centers, inc muscle tone, mobilization energy
parasympathetic system
originates from neurons in midbrain, pons, medulla, and saccral region of spinal cord. exits CNS via cranial nerve 3, 7, 9, 10 and saccral 2-4
preganglionic fibers of parasympathetic do
cranial nerves 3, 7, 9 go to ganglia near target organs. cranial berve 10 and saccral converge to plexuses, exit plexus and to target organ
post ganglionic fibers of parasympathetic do
close to within target organs. effects of system more direct and localized
NT released during parasympathetic activation
ACh
receptor used to pick up ACh
nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. nico used to stim post ganglionic neurons and musc used to stimulate target tissues
used to clean up ACh
acetocholinesterase
