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Chapter 27- reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

function of reproductive system

A
  • Produce some reproductive hormones - Produce gametes
  • Facilitate fertilization
  • Provide nutrients and gestate fetus
  • Provide nutrients for newborn
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2
Q

function of male reproductive system

A
  • Produce & maintain gametes
  • Transport gametes into female for fertilization
  • Secrete sex hormones
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3
Q

suspended by spermatic cord within the scrotum.

  • produce sperm
  • produce male sexx hormones
A

testes

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4
Q

male sex hormones

A

androgens– testosterone

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5
Q

actions of testosterone

A

fetal developement:

  • stimulate formation of reproductive organs
  • stimulate descent of testis
    puberty:
  • stim developemnt of secondary sex characteristics
  • inc cellular metabolism
  • inc production of RBC
  • stimulate sexual activity
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6
Q

Pouch of skin inferior to perineum

- Each testis occupies a scrotal cavity

A

scrotum

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7
Q

parts of the scrotum

A

tunica vaginalis, dartos muscle, cremaster muscle

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8
Q

part of the scrotum that is Serous membrane surrounding each testis

A

tunica vaginalis

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9
Q

part of the scrotum– wrinking of the scrotum

A

dartos muscle

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10
Q

part of the scrotum– Elevation of testes closer to body and Keeps them at lower temperature

A

cremaster muscle

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11
Q

vessel that extends through the inguinal canal

A

spermatic cord

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12
Q

parts of the spermatic cord

A
  • Ductus deferens
  • Gentiofemoral nerve
  • Differential artery
  • Testicular artery
  • Pampiniform veins
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13
Q

lobules– compartments that house…?

A

seminiferous tubules

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14
Q

lobules seperated from one another by

A

tunica albuginea

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15
Q

each lobules straightens into

A

straight tubule

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16
Q

straight tubules meet at a maze called

A

rete testis

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17
Q

found inbetween the tubules and produce testosterone

A

interstitual cells

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18
Q

The process where sperm cells are made which occurs in the seminiferous tubules
- Meiosis occurs midway throughout this process: Results in haploid sperm

A

spermatogenesis

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19
Q

Stimulated by FSH and testosterone. support the growth of sperm and maintain blood testes barrier. produce the hormone inhibin (represses FSH)

A

nurse cells

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20
Q

stages of spermatogenesis

A
  1. Spermatogonia
  2. Primary spermatocyte
  3. Secondary spermatocyte
  4. Spermatid
  5. Spermatozoa
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21
Q

structure of a sperm

A

head– acrosome
neck
middle piece
tail

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22
Q

part of the head of the perm. vesicular compartment containing enzymes to penetrate oocytes

A

acrosome

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23
Q

part of the structure of a sperm that contains many mitchondria

A

middle piece

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24
Q

structure of a sperm that is a flagella

A

tail

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25
Q

Lies on posterior boarder of testes

Has a Head, Body, tail

A

epididymis

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26
Q

function of the epididymis

A
  • Spermatozoa go from testes directly to epididymis
  • Recycles damaged spermatozoa
  • Stores spermatozoa and matures them
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27
Q

Moves out of scrotum and around bladder posterior. Enlarges at the base. Merges with the seminal vesicles

A

ductus deferens

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28
Q

base of the ductus deferens

A

ampulla

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29
Q

where peristalsis may occur

A

base of vas deferns

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30
Q

where the vas deferens merges with seminal vessicle to form

A

ejactulatory duct

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31
Q

First of three glands that contribute to semen. Posterior to bladder. causes sperm to become mobile

A

seminal vesicles

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32
Q

Muscular, rounded organ, 4 cm diameter. Inferior to bladder .Surrounds urethra. Secretes Antibiotic and seminalplasmin

A

prostate gland

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33
Q

Found in the urogenital diaphragm. Secrete thick, alkaline mucus

A

bulbourethral

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34
Q

Made of two sets of erectile tissue: corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum. both tissues fill with blood to achieve erection due to parasympatheitis stimulation

35
Q

erectile tissue of the penis that is two cylindrical masses with a central artery

A

corpora cavernosum

36
Q

erectile tissue of the penis that is one mass that houses the urethra

A

corpus spongiosum

37
Q

parts of the penis

A

root, body, glans

38
Q

part of penis – Corpora cavernosa that extends to the ischial rami

39
Q

part of the penis– tubular and consists of all erectile tissues

40
Q

part of the penis– enlarges, distal portion of corpus spongiosum that is covered by a flap of called the prepuce

41
Q

flap of skin that covers the glans

42
Q

3 parts of the urethra

A

prostatic, membranous and spongy urethra

43
Q

part of urethra that runs through prostate

A

prostatic urethra

44
Q

part of the urethra through urogenital diaphragm

A

membranous urethra

45
Q

part of the urethra that goes through corpus spongiosum and exits at external urethral orifice

A

spongy urethra

46
Q

functions of female reproductive system

A
  • Produce & maintain sex cells
  • Transport sex cells to site of fertilization
  • Provide favorable environment for developing offspring
  • Move offspring to outside
  • Produce female sex hormones
47
Q

ligament that encloses superior internal structures

A

broad ligament

48
Q

ligament that cinnects ovary to uterus

A

ovarian ligament

49
Q

ligament that connects ovary to pelvic wall

A

suspensory ligament

50
Q

ligament that connects inferior uterus to sacrum

A

uterosacral ligament

51
Q
  • Paired organs at the lateral walls of pelvic cavity
  • Receive blood from ovarian arteries and veins
  • Covered by
    Germinal epithelium and Tunica albuginea
  • House the gametes
52
Q

egg development that occurs throughout a females life

53
Q
  1. Oogonium- Develops before birth
  2. Primary Oocyte- Develops before birth
  3. Secondary Oocyte- Develops just before ovulation
  4. Ovum- Occurs only during fertilization
54
Q

uterine tubes

A

infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus

55
Q

expanded end of the uterine tube. contains the fimbriae

A

infundibulum

56
Q

fingerlike projection of the infundibulum

57
Q

intermediate portion of the uterine tube

58
Q

narrow section of the uterine tubes

59
Q

Consist of smooth muscle and ciliated epithelium. Cilia beat when ovulation occurs. Oocyte has a 3-4 day trip

A

uterine tube

60
Q

when must fertilization occur

A

within the first half of the 3-4 day trip of the oocyte within the uterine tube

61
Q

small and pear shaped. sits on top of the bladder

62
Q

major sections of the uterus

A

fundus, body, cervix

63
Q

part of the body of the uterus

A

uterine cavity

64
Q

part of the cerix

A

internal os, cervical canal, external os

65
Q

layers of the uterine wall

A

perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium

66
Q

incomplete outer visceral peritoneum

A

perimetrium

67
Q

muscular layer of the uterine wall. 1,5 m thick

A

myometrium

68
Q

glandular inner layer of the uterine wall

A

endometrium

69
Q

2 parts of the glandular inner layer of the uterine wall

A

functional layer and basilar layer

70
Q

which layer shed and which survives during menses

A

functional shed and basil survives

71
Q

uterine cycle

A
  1. menes
  2. proliferation
  3. secretory
72
Q
  • Caused by a drop in estrogen and progesterone due to the corpus albicans
  • Arteries constrict
  • Secretory tissues and glands begin to die
  • Functional layer is sloughed off
A

menes phase

73
Q
  • Caused by the production of estrogen by the follicle
  • Basal epithelium multiplies
  • Glands regrow
  • Lasts until ovulation
A

proliferation phase

74
Q
  • Caused by progesterone and estrogen released by the corpus luteum
  • Endometrial glands enlarge
  • Arterial elongation
  • Peaks at 12 days after ovulation:
    Will persist with pregnancy and Will deteriorate when corpus albicans occurs
A

secretory phase

75
Q

made of stratified squamous epithelium, smooth muscle, elastic fibers. contains rugae. the cervix projects into the vaginal canal. Exits to the outside

76
Q

an epithelial fold that partially blocks the entrance

77
Q

function of the vagina

A
  • Passageway for the elimination of menstrual fluids
  • Receive penis and hold spermatozoa
  • Lower portion of the birth canal
78
Q

the external genital area

79
Q

Smooth, hairless, skin flaps surrounding the vestibule, which contains the urethral opening and the vaginal entrance

A

labia minora

80
Q

erectile tissue that is surrounded by a prepuce.

81
Q

the outer vulva is made up by the fleshy

A

mons pubis and labia majora

82
Q

found within pectoral fat pads in the subcutaneous tissue. supported by supensory ligaments

A

mammary glands

83
Q

produce milk

A

lobes of the mammary glands

84
Q

where does the milk travel; stored

A

through the lactiferous ducts; travels through lactiferous sinuses

Anatomy (17 decks)

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