chapter 20- blood

Question 1

blood is a…?

Answer 1

connective tissue

Question 2

cells f blood named…?

Answer 2

formed elements

Question 3

matrix of blood

Answer 3

plasma

Question 4

basic functions of blood

Answer 4

transport materials and maintain stable cellular environments

Question 5

what materials are transported in blood

Answer 5

nutrients, oxygen, metabolic wastes, specialized cells that defend tissues

Question 6

function of blood plasma

Answer 6

transport nutrients, gases and vitamins; regulate fluids and electrolytes; maintain pH

Question 7

composition of blood plasma

Answer 7

water, proteins, and solutes

Question 8

differences between blood and interstitual fluid

Answer 8

blood has:
greater O2 conc
reduced CO2 conc
significantly more dissolved proteins

Question 9

solutes found in the blood plasma

Answer 9

waste, electrolytes, and organic nutrients

Question 10

wastes found in blood plasma

Answer 10

urea and ammonia

Question 11

electrolytes in solutes of blood plasma

Answer 11

Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cl, HCO3, HPO4, SO4

Question 12

organic nutrients in solutes of blood plasma

Answer 12

lipids, glucose, amino acids

Question 13

plasma proteins of blood plasma

Answer 13

albumin, globulins, fibrinogens

Question 14

plasma membrane that is the smallest, maintains osmotic pressure, controls blood volume, transports fatty materials in blood

Answer 14

albumin

Question 15

fatty materials that is transported by the albumin in the blood

Answer 15

bilirubin, steriods, and lipids

Question 16

two types of globulins

Answer 16

immunoglobulins and transport globulins

Question 17

globulins that are considered antibodies

Answer 17

immunoglobulins

Question 18

globulins that transport compounds by binding to them; prevents; prevent the compounds from getting filtered out by the kidneys

Answer 18

transport globulins

Question 19

plasma proteins used for blood clotting

Answer 19

fibrinogens

Question 20

these proteins together create….

Answer 20

serum

Question 21

knonw as red blood cells. make up 40% on the blood. contain a value known as hematocrit

Answer 21

erythrocytes

Question 22

value within the erythrocyte that makes up 99.9% of all formed elements

Answer 22

hematocrit

Question 23

structure of the erythrocytes

Answer 23

biconcave disc

• thin central region
• thicker outer region
• large surface area/volume ratio
• anucleate

Question 24

what is the significance of the erythrocyte structure

Answer 24

allows passage through capillaries– due to rouleaux

Question 25

rouleaux allows for

Answer 25

erythrocytes to be squish and squeeze through capillaries-- they are flexible

Question 26

- involve 200million molecules per cell | - 95% of the RBC proteins

Answer 26

hemoglobin

Question 27

the structure of hemoglobin

Answer 27

4 polypeptide subunits, 1 heme group per polypeptide, one iron per heme group

Question 28

function of hemoglobin

Answer 28

each Fe carries one O2 molecule, the reaction is easily reversed, CO2 can also bind to hemoglobin

Question 29

bright red hemoglobin

Answer 29

oxyhemoglobin

Question 30

deep red/ maroon color hemoglobin

Answer 30

deoxyhemoglobin

Question 31

accounts for 23% if blood in CO2

Answer 31

carbaminohemoglobin

Question 32

white blood cells that defend against pathogens; remove toxins, wastes, and damaged cells; do not function in circulatory system

Answer 32

leukocytes

Question 33

the ability to move into tissues from blood vessels-- process of squeezing out of the BV

Answer 33

diapedesis

Question 34

two types of leukocytes

Answer 34

granulocytes and agranulocytes

Question 35

type of leukocyte that has granular inclusions in cytoplasm

Answer 35

granulocytes

Question 36

types of leukocyte that has no visible granules

Answer 36

agranulocyte

Question 37

types of granulocytes

Answer 37

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

Question 38

a granulocytes-- makes up 60% of WBC - lobed nucleus - very mobile

Answer 38

neutrophils

Question 39

function of neutrophils

Answer 39

1st defense against microorganism phagocytic attract more neutrophils

Question 40

a granulocyte-- make up 2-4% of WBC - bi-lobed nucleus - red granules

Answer 40

eosinophils

Question 41

function of eosiniphils

Answer 41

attracted to injuries - phagocytize compounds bonded with anitbodies - increase during allergic reactions

Question 42

a granulocyte-- make up 1% of WGC - S shaped nuclues - blue granules

Answer 42

basophils

Question 43

function of basophils

Answer 43

release histamines | - release anticoagulants

Question 44

inflammatory response -- attract other WBC

Answer 44

histamines

Question 45

a granules-- make up 2-8% of WBC | - largest cell in blood

Answer 45

monocytes

Question 46

function of monocytes

Answer 46

- phagocytize foreign material--- fuse form osteoclasts and form free and fixed macrophages - recruit more monocytes - attract fibroblasts

Question 47

agranulocytes-- make up 20-30% of WBC - mature lymph organs - smallest leukocyte - non-phagocytic

Answer 47

lymphocytes

Question 48

function of lymphocyte

Answer 48

focus on a single pathogen -produce antibodies destroy abnormal tissue

Question 49

``` also known as platelet - small, anucleate cell fragments - come from megakaryocytes - produce proteins for blood clotting lasts for about 10-12 days ```

Answer 49

thrombocytes

Question 50

process of blood clotting-- stopping flow of blood

Answer 50

hemostasis

Question 51

formation of blood clots

Answer 51

transport of clotting agent and formation of temporary patch -- clot contraction

Question 52

what are blood cells derived from

Answer 52

pluripotent stem cells and myeloid tissue (except lymphocytes)

Question 53

where is new blood cells produced

Answer 53

bone marrow

Question 54

process of hemopoiesis

Answer 54

liver and spleen make blood cells in utero then slowly lessen and bone marrow picks up the production once it is formed in the baby

Question 55

the formation of RBC

Answer 55

erythropoiesis

Question 56

the formation of WBC

Answer 56

leukopoeisis