Chapter 25- digestion Flashcards
process whereby food is changed into a form that can be absorbed– break down of ingested food and absorption of nutirnets into the blood
digestion
- production of ATP
- anabolic & catabolic cellular activities
metabloism
part of digestion that involves Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, rectum, anus
alimentary canal
part of digestion that involves part of digestion that involves Salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
accessory organs
layers of digestive system (4)
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa
- inner most layer
- Consists of three layers: Mucosal epithelium, Lamina propria, Muscularis mucosa
mucosa
3 layers of mucosa
Mucosal epithelium, Lamina propria, Muscularis mucosa
layer of mucosa that involves Blood vessels, sensory nerves, lymph vessels, M.A.L.T.
lamina propria
layer of mucosa that involves Smooth muscle and elastic fibers
- has two layers within its makeup
muscularis mucosa
two layer of the muscularis mucosa found within the mucosa layer
circular and longitudinal
have folds to increase SA and have glands which secrete mucous and digestive enzymes
mucosa
function of mucosa
protection and absorption and secretion
layer of digestive tract that is made up of loose CT, glands, BV, lymph vessels & nerves
submucosa
function of submucosa
- nourish surrounding tissues
- carry away absorbed materials
layer of digestive tract that is made of layers of visceral smooth muscle
muscularis
layer of muscularis mucosa that decreases the diameter when contracted
circular
layer of muscularis mucosa that shortens tube when contracted
longitudinal
also known as viseral peritoneum that does not exist superior to the diaphragm.
- made of epithelium and CT
serosa
what type of tissue layer exists above the diaphragm
adventitia– in espohagus
function of the serosa
protection and secrete serous fluid
A series of membranes in the abdominal cavity - Visceral - parietal Are continuous with one another and seperated by Peritoneal cavity
peritoneium
membrane of peritoneium that adheres directly to the internal organs
visceral peritoneum
membrane of peritoneum that adheres to the abdominal wall
parietal peritoneum
Sheets of peritoneum connected to organs. provides access route for vessels and nerves
and stabilize position
mesentaries
types of mesentaries
lesser omentum and greater omentum, mesentary proper and mesocolon
type of mesentary that connects the stomach to the liver
lesser omentum
type of mesentary that starts at stomach, descends inferior, then ascends to form a pouch or “apron” filled with adipose and the attaches to the colon
greater omentum
type of mesentary that attaches to the majority of the small intestine
mesentary proper
type of mesentary that attaches to large intestines
mesocolon
function of mesentary proper and mesocolon
allow nerves, BV and lymhatics to connect to the intestines
process of peristalsis
- propels bolus down the tract
- circular muscles contract first to prevent from moving back3. longitudinal contracts next to advance the bolus down the tract
no net movement in any particular direction– goal to fragment bolus. involves mostly circular muscle contractions
segmentation
function fo the mouth
mastication/ mixing lubrication speech taste/ evaluation limited digestion
mouth made from
hard and soft palate
part of bone that involves the palatine bone on roof of mouth
hard palate
part of mouth that involves CT extension of the palate. made up with the uvula
soft palate
part of sift palate that dangles at the end of the soft palate and prevents food from going down prematurely
uvula
produce saliva. involve 3 glands– parotid, submandibular and sublingual
salivary glands
muscous and serous fluid. form food blous and make salivary amylase and dissolve chemical for taste
saliva
glands of the salivary glands
parotid, submandibualr and sublingual
function of teeth
mastication
types of tteth
incisors, cuspids, bicuspids, molars
function of incisors
cutting
function of cuspids
tearing
functino of bicuspids
crushing and grindin g
function of molars
crushing and grinding
tooth regions
crown, enamel, neck and gingiva
exposed region of the tooth; covered in enamel
crown
rese of the tooth; found within host bone
root
boundary between root and crown
neck