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Anatomy > chapter 15- Brain & Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

chapter 15- Brain & Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

regions of the adult brain

A 
cerebrum
diencephalon
mesenecephalon
cerebellum
pons
medulla olongata
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2
Q

meninges of brain

A

dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

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3
Q

outermost layer of meninge. forms internal periosteum of the skull. no epidura

A

dura mater

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4
Q

dura mater partitions

A

falx cerebelli
falx cerebri
tentorium cerebelli

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5
Q

dura mater partition–separates right and left cerebellar hemispheres

A

falx cerebelli

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6
Q

dura mater partition– separates right and left cerebral hemispheres

A

falx cerebri

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7
Q

dura mater partition– separates lobes of cerebrum from cerebellum

A

tertorium cerebelli

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8
Q

meninge– spidery. spreads over brain but doesnt extend into grooves and depressions

A

arachnoid mater

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9
Q

meninge– inner most layer. aids in nourishing brain. attached to surface of the brain

A

pia mater

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10
Q

space that filled with CSF

A

ventricles

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11
Q

the ventricles of the brain

A

2 lateral, 3rd ventricle, 4th ventricle

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12
Q

ventricle that is connected by interventricular foramen to the 3rd ventricle

A

2 lateral ventricle

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13
Q

ventricle that is connected by cerebral aqueduct to 4th ventricle

A

3rd ventricle

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14
Q

ventricle that is connected to central canal of spinal cord

A

4th ventricle

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15
Q

fxn of cerebrospinal fluid

A

cushion; transport nutrients, wastes, and other chemicals; support the brain

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16
Q

formation of CSF

A

CSF taken from blood by ependymal cells and pooled in the ventricles. lobes are located in the ventricles, which consist of ependymal cells and permeable capillaries

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17
Q

movement of the CSF

A

orignates in the ventricles– through apetures in the 4th ventricle to the subarachnoid space– through central canal– around subarachnoid space

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18
Q

re-absorption of CSF

A

reabsorbed in the sagittal sinus– a large venous tube within the dura mater– extends along the midline of the cervical hemispheres– arachnoid extends into the sinus through arachnoid granultions– CSF goes back to the blood

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19
Q

functions of the cerebrum

A
  • interpret sensory impulses
  • voluntary muscular movements
  • memory
  • reasoning process
  • intelligence and personality
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20
Q

hemispheres=?
connected by =?
separated by = ?
posses– ridges =? and grooves = ?

A

left and right
corpus collosum
longitudinal fissure
gyri, sulci

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21
Q

communication between the two sides is allowed fir by…

A

corpus collosum

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22
Q

cerebral grey matter is called

A

cell somas

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23
Q

outer regions of the cerebral lobes– centralized in masses called basal nuclei

A

cell somas

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24
Q

centralized masses in the cell soma of gray matter

A

basal nuclei

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25
Q

components of cerebral white matter

A
  • myelinated axons
  • commisural fibers
  • association fibers
    projection fibers
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26
Q

part of the cerebral white matter– connects corresponding gray areas on different hemispheres

A

commissural fibers

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27
Q

part of cerebral white matter– connects different parts of the same hemisphere

A

association fibers

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28
Q

part of the cerebral white matter– connects cerebrum to lower brain areas

A

projection fibers

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29
Q

cerebral lobes

A 
frontal
parietal
temporal
occipital
insula
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30
Q

special sulci that divide the lobes of the cerebrum

A

central sulci
lateral sulci
parieto-occipital sulci

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31
Q

cerebral sulci– separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe

A

central sulcus

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32
Q

cerebral sulci– separates the parietal lobe from the temporal

A

lateral sulcus

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33
Q

cerebral sulci– separates the parietal lobe fro the occipital

A

parieto-occipital sulcus

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34
Q
  • anterior to the central sulcus in frontal lobe
  • conscious control of skeletal muscle
  • learned motor skills
  • speech and eye movements
A

primary motor cortex

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35
Q
  • posterior to central sulcus on parietal lobe
  • somatic sensory information from touch, pain, and pressure
  • monitor environment consciously
A

primary sensory cortex

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36
Q

cortex– occipital lobe– sight

A

visual cortex

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37
Q

cortex– temporal lobe– sound

A

auditory cortex

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38
Q

cortex– temporal lobe– smell

A

olfactory cortex

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39
Q

cortex– insula and frontal lobe– taste

A

gustatory cortex

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40
Q

association areas (4)

A

somatic sensory
somatic motor
visual
auditory

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41
Q

association area– associates touch

A

somatic sensory association area

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42
Q

association area– learned skill– muscle memory

A

somatic motor association area

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43
Q

association area– process and associate vision/ sight

A

visual motor association area

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44
Q

association area– associates things with sounds

A

auditory motor association area

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45
Q

higher order integrative regions of cerebrum

A

prefrontal cortex, broca’s speech center, general interpretative area

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46
Q

higher order integrative region of cerebrum. deals with abstract intellectual function, predictions, problem solving, emotional context and motivation, timing and temporal relationships

A

prefrontal cortex

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47
Q

higher order integrative region of the cerebrum– regulates breathing and vocalization

A

broca’s speech center

48
Q

higher order integrative region of the cerebrum– interpretation of both the written and verbal language; sentence structure and word linkage

A

general interpretative areas

49
Q

damage to either the broca’s speech center or the general interpretative area =

A

aphasia

50
Q

the idea that higher order integrative regions of the brain may be different between hemispheres

A

hemisphere dominance

51
Q

hemispheres that deals with speech, writing, and general interpretive area

A

categorical hemi

52
Q

hemisphere that deals with identification of familiar objects; touch and spatial analysis; emotional relevance

A

representational hemisphere

53
Q

masses of grey matter deep in cerebral hemisphere. acts as relay station for motor impulses starting in the cerebral cortex and passing to brain stem and spinal cord

A

basal nuclei

54
Q

basal nuclei (4)

A

claustrum, lentiform nucleus, caudate nucleus, amygdaloid nucleus

55
Q

basal nuclei that; focuses visual attention and processes unconscious visual info

A

claustrum

56
Q

basal nuclei that; controls and adjusts muscle tone

A

lentiform nucleus

57
Q

basal nuclei; massive head and slender tail– maintains pattern and rhythm of movement

A

caudate nucelus

58
Q

basal nuclei: tip of caudate tail– part of limbic system (emotion)

A

amygdaloid nucleus

59
Q

parts of the diencephalon

A

epithalamus, posterior pituitary gland, thalamus, and hypothalamus

60
Q

found in the diencephalon– central to the cerebrum– divided into two major bodies– divided by the 3rd ventricle. connected by the interthalamic adhesion

A

thalamus

61
Q

fxn of thalamus

A
  • part of limbic system: emotion, memory. conscious awareness of emotions
  • connect basal nuclei and cerebral cortex: to each other, other parts of the CNS
  • sends sensory info to proper locations within the cerebrum
62
Q

hypothalamus location

A

below the thalamus; above and connected to the posterior pituitary gland

63
Q

hypothalamus fxn

A
  • subconscious control of skel muscle
  • coordinates autonomic nervous system
  • connection between endocrine and nervous system
  • directly produces hormones
  • produces behavioral drives
  • regulates body temperature
  • controls sleep patterns
64
Q

connects brain and spinal cord with higher areas– acts as central relay center. contains cerebral aqueduct that connects 3rd and 4th ventricle

A

mesencephalon

65
Q

part of midbrain that separated the 3rd and 4th ventricles

A

cerebral aqueduct

66
Q

parts of the mesencephalon (4)

A

ceredral peduncles, red nucleus, substania nigra, corpora quadrigemina

67
Q

mesencephalon– only connecting fibers and no nuclei. the motor fibers connecting the cortex to the spinal cord– sensory fibers that synapse with the thalamus

A

cerebral peduncles

68
Q

mesencephalon— highly vascularized. connects cerebrum and cerebellum. controls posture and reflexes

A

red nucleus

69
Q

mesencephalon— controls and integrates the motor output of the basal nuclei. produces dopamine 9giving its black color). deterioration may lead to Parkinson’s disease

A

substantia nigra

70
Q

corpora quadragemina

A

superior colliculi, inferior colliculi

71
Q

part of corpora quadrigemina– receives visual input from thalamus

A

superior colliculi

72
Q

part of corpora quadrigemina– receives auditory input from medulla

A

inferior colliuli

73
Q

rounded bulge on underside of brain stem. separates midbrain from medulla. masses of gray matter and nerve fibers

A

pons

74
Q

relays impulses to and from the medulla and cerebrum. regulates depth of breathing

A

pons

75
Q

below the cerebrum– 2 hemispheres. mainly composed of white matter

A

cerebellum

76
Q

seperates the two hemispheres of cerebellum

A

falx cerebelli

77
Q

connects both hemispheres of the cerebellum

A

vermis

78
Q

functions to integrate sensory information about the position of the body parts. coordinates muscle activities. maintain posture. fine tunes voluntary and involuntary movements

A

cerebellum

79
Q

from the forman magnum to the pons– point of connection for several cranial nerves. the reflex center

A

medulla oblongata

80
Q

oval swelling in the medulla oblongata

A

olivary nucleus

81
Q

reflex centers of the medulla oblongata

A

cardiovascular center and respiratory rhythmicity center

82
Q

reflex enter of the medulla oblongata that adjusts the blood flow and heart rate

A

cardiovascular center

83
Q

reflex center of the medulla oblongata that deals with basic pace of respiratory movements

A

respiratory rhythmicity center

84
Q

nuceli and tract along the boarder of the cerebrum and diencephalon

A

limbic system

85
Q

structures within the limbic system located in the cerebrum

A

limbic lobe, hippocampus, amygdaloid body– all located in cerebrum

86
Q

structures of limbic system located in the diencephalon

A

thalamus and hypothalamus

87
Q

structures of limbic system located in the medulla

A

reticular formation

88
Q

finction of thalamus and hypothalamus in the limbic system

A

thalamus- relay center. hypothalamus– behavioral drive center

89
Q

function of the reticular formation id the limbic system

A

sleep and wakefulness

90
Q

function fo the limbic system

A

stablishes emotianl states and related behavioral drives– links intellectual functions of the cortex to unconscious functions of the lower brain– facilitates memory storage

91
Q

where are the cell bodies of motor neurons found

A

gray matter

92
Q

where are cell bodies for sensory cranial nerves found

A

in ganglia outside brain

93
Q

cranial nerve 1- type

A

olfactory- sensory

94
Q

cranial nerve 2- type

A

optic- sensory

95
Q

cranial nerve 3- type

A

oculomotor- motor

96
Q

cranial nerve 4- type

A

trochlear- motor

97
Q

cranial nerve 5- type

A

trigeminal- both

98
Q

cranial nerve 6- type

A

abducens- motor

99
Q

cranial nerve 7- type

A

facial- both

100
Q

cranial nerve 8 - type

A

vestibulocochlear- sensory

101
Q

cranial nerve 9- type

A

glossopharyngeal- both

102
Q

cranial nerve 10- type

A

vagus- both

103
Q

cranial nerve 11- type

A

accessory- motor

104
Q

cranial nerve 12 - type

A

hypoglossal- motor

105
Q

innervation for olfactory

A

smell– pass through the cribiform palate

106
Q

innervation of optic

A

vision– pass through optic foramina

107
Q

innervation of oculomotor

A

move the majority of the eye muscles

108
Q

innervation of trochlear

A

superior oblique muscle only

109
Q

innervation of trigeminal

A
  1. eye, tear glans and skin of ant scalp, forehead and upper eyelid
  2. upper teeth, gum, lip, and mucous lining of palate and skin of face
  3. scalp, skin of jaw, lower teeth, gum lip and muslce of mastication
110
Q

innervation of abducens

A

from the pons– lateral rectus eye muscle only

111
Q

innervation of facial

A

sensory- taste receptors on 2/3 ant part of tongue

motor- muscle of facial expression; stimulate tear and salivary glands

112
Q

innervation of vestibulocochlear

A

auditory nerve from medulla– sensitive to changes in position of head and interpreted as hearing

113
Q

innervation of glossopharyngeal

A

sensory- from lining of pharynx, tonsils and post 1/3 of tongue
motor– wall of pharynx to help swallow

114
Q

innervation of vagus

A

sensory- from lining of pharynx, larynx, esophagus, and abdomen
somatic motor- muscles of larynx– speech and swallowing
autonomic motor- to heart, other smooth muscles and glands in the visceral organs

115
Q

innervation of accessory

A

2 branches

  1. cranial– from medulla to muscles of soft palate, pharynx, larynx
  2. spinal– sends motor fibers to trapezius and sternocleidomastoid
116
Q

innervation of hypoglossal

A

from medulla to tongue– for speaking and swallowing

Anatomy (17 decks)

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