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A&P > Special Senses - vision > Flashcards

Special Senses - vision Flashcards

1
Q

the RECEPTORS of special senses are LOCALIZED IN

A

SPECIFIC AREAS of the head, as opposed to the more widely distributed receptors associated with most general senses such as touch and pain

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2
Q

the NEURAL PATHWAYS for specialized sense tend to be more

A

COMPLEX than those for general sense

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3
Q

RECEPTORS for vision are located in _____ _____ of the eye and are specialized cells known as ____ and _____

A

THE RETINA;

RODS AND CONES

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4
Q

EYELIDS

A

protects the eyes from foreign objects and excessive light

shade the eyes during sleep

spread lubricants over surface of eyeball

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5
Q

CONJUCTIVA

A

a thin mucous membrane that lines the underside of the eyelids and the exposed portion of the sclera but not the cornea

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6
Q

EYELASHES AND EYEBROWS

A

protect the eyeballs from foreign objects, perspiration and excessive light

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7
Q

LACRIMAL GLANDS

A

produce tears and are located superior to the upper eyelids

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8
Q

3 primary layers or tunics of the eye

A

outer fibrous tunic

middle vascular tunic

inner tunic

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9
Q

OUTER FIBROUS TUNIC

A

consists of the anterior CORNEA and the posterior SCLERA

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10
Q

MIDDLE VASCULAR TUNIC

A

consists of THE IRIS, CILIARY BODY, and the CHOROID

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11
Q

INNTER TUNIC

A

consists of the RETINA, which contains the receptors for vision

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12
Q

CORNEA

A

TRANSPARENT and covers the deeper iris

its curvature helps to focus light rays on the retina

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13
Q

SCLERA

A

the WHITE of the eye and gives shape to the eyeball

protects inner structures

serves as an attachment site for extrinsic eye muscles

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14
Q

CHOROID

A

lines most of the internal surface of the sclera

VERY VASCULAR and supplies nutrients to the retina

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15
Q

CILIARY BODY

A

consists of ciliary processes and ciliary muscle

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16
Q

contraction of the ciliary muscles does what

A

ALTERS THE SHAPE OF THE LENS, accommodating for near or far vision

17
Q

IRIS

A

the COLORED PORTION OF THE EYE

suspended between the cornea and lens by ciliary processes

18
Q

SMOOTH MUSCLE FIBERS OF THE IRIS run in……directions.

contraction of these muscle fibers change the…

A

radial and circular

SIZE OF THE PUPIL

19
Q

changing the size of the pupil varies the amount of….

A

light that enters the eye, like the shutter of a camera

20
Q

rods and cones are located in the ____ ____ of the retina

A

photoreceptor layer (rods and cones are photoreceptors)

21
Q

Rods

A

very sensitive to light

FUNCTION IN LOW LIGHT LEVELS

provide vision of LOW ACUITY (detail) and no color

22
Q

CONES

A

less sensitive to light

ONLY FUNCTION IN BRIGHT LIGHT

provide vision of HIGH ACUITY as well as COLOR

23
Q

THE ANTERIOR CAVITY

A

anterior to the lens and consists of two chambers

both chambers are filled with AQUEOUS HUMOR that nourishes the cornea and the lens

24
Q

the two chambers of the ANTERIOR CAVITY are

A

anterior chamber - between the cornea and the iris

posterior chamber - behind the iris and in front of the lens

25
Q

the VITREOUS CHAMBER

A

posterior to the lens and is filled with a gel-like substance that prevents collapse of the eyeball

and keeps the retina flat

26
Q

REFRACTION

A

the bending of light rays as they pass through mediums of different densities

27
Q

ACCOMMODATION

A

accommodating our vision to focus on things either near or far

distant objects enter as parallel rays

close objects enter as divergent rays

28
Q

CONSTRICTION

A

by contracting and relaxing the smooth muscle fibers of the iris, we allow light rays to only enter through the center of the pupil

29
Q

The outer segments of cones and rods are

A

CONSTANTLY RENEWED

30
Q

PHOTOPIGMENTS in the outer segments of cones and rods are

A

colored proteins that undergo structural changes when they absorb light

31
Q

photopigments contain

A

a derivative of VITAMIN A called retinal and a glycoprotein known as opsin

32
Q

RETINAL

A

the light-absorbing portion of photopigments

33
Q

the axons of ganglion cells exit the eyeball as the

A

OPTIC NERVE (CN II)

34
Q

the way that axons of the optic nerve pass through the optic chasm allows

A

INFORMATION FROM EACH EYE TO REACH BOTH THE LEFT AND RIGHT SIDES OF THE BRAIN

35
Q

THE PRIMARY VISUAL AREAS of the brain

A

the OCCIPITAL LOBE OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX

A&P (32 decks)

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