SPECIAL SENSES - equilibrium, olfaction, gustation

Question 1

the RECEPTORS FOR EQUILIBRIUM are located in the

Answer 1

VESTIBULAR APPARATUS of the inner ear

Question 2

the VESTIBULAR APPARATUS includes the

Answer 2

saccule

utricle

semicircular ducts

Question 3

equilibrium uses what kind of receptors

Answer 3

mechanoreceptors

Question 4

in the walls of the SACCULE AND UTRICLE are small regions known as

Answer 4

maculae

Question 5

Maculae contain the receptors for

Answer 5

STATIC EQUILIBRIUM

Question 6

STATIC EQUILIBRIUM

Answer 6

our maintenance of position of the body relative to the force of gravity

Question 7

_____ _____ serve as sensory receptors in the maculae

Answer 7

hair cells

Question 8

OTOLITHS

Answer 8

dense calcium carbonate crystals that are embedded in the surface of the otolithic membrane and make the gelatinous layer “top heavy”

Question 9

DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM

Answer 9

the maintenance of body position, mainly the head, in response to sudden movements such as rotational acceleration or deceleration

Question 10

the receptors for DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM are located

Answer 10

at the base of the fluid-filled SEMICIRCULAR CANALS (DUCTS) of the inner ear

Question 11

3 types of cells found in the olfactory epithelium

Answer 11

olfactory receptor cells

supporting cells

basal cells

Question 12

OLFACTORY RECEPTOR CELLS

Answer 12

bipolar neurons with exposed dendrites in the nasal cavity and an axon that extends through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

Question 13

SUPPORTING CELLS - in olfaction

Answer 13

columnar epithelial cells supporting the receptor cells and help detoxify substances that contact the olfactory epithelium

Question 14

BASAL CELLS - in olfaction

Answer 14

stem cells that undergo cell division and produce new receptor cells, which are replaced after about a month

Question 15

What classification are olfactory receptors?

Answer 15

chemoreceptors

Question 16

Chemicals related to smell are known as

Answer 16

oderants

Question 17

PRIMARY OLFACTORY AREA is in the

Answer 17

TEMPORAL LOBE OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX

Question 18

some axons of the olfactory tract extend to the PRIMARY OLFACTORY AREA and some lead to the

Answer 18

limbic system and hypothalamus

Question 19

The sense of taste relies on _____ within tastebuds

Answer 19

CHEMORECEPTORS

Question 20

3 types of cells in tastebuds

Answer 20

GUSTATORY RECEPTOR CELLS

SUPPORTING CELLS

BASAL CELLS

Question 21

GUSTATORY RECEPTOR CELLS

Answer 21

have a lifespan of approximately 7-10 days

Question 22

SUPPORTING CELL - in gustation

Answer 22

surround and support the receptor cell

differentiate and become new receptor cells

Question 23

BASAL CELLS - in gustation

Answer 23

stem cells that produce supporting cells

Question 24

chemicals that stimulate gustatory receptors are known as

Answer 24

TASTANTS

Question 25

5 primary tasts

Answer 25

sweet sour salty bitter umami (savory or meaty)

Question 26

the axons of the first-order neurons associated with gustatory receptor cells form these 3 cranial nerves:

Answer 26

FACIAL NERVE (CN VII) GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE (CN IX) VAGUS NERVE (CN X)

Question 27

FACIAL NERVE (CN VII)

Answer 27

innervates the anterior two thirds of the tongue

Question 28

GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE (CN IX)

Answer 28

innervates the posterior third of the tongue

Question 29

VAGUS NERVE (X)

Answer 29

leads from tastebuds to the pharynx and epiglottis

Question 30

PRIMARY GUSTATORY AREA

Answer 30

THE PARIETAL LOBE OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX