Joints Flashcards
Intervertebral joints
the joints that occur between the bodies of vertebra and between the facets of adjacent vertebra
amphiarthrotic CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS that allow slight movement in many direction - flexion, extension, hyperextension, lateral flexion, and rotation.
the atlantoaxial joint was covered as a pivot type of synovial joint
The DISCS between vertebral bodies consist of:
outer ANNULUS FIBROSUS - collagen fibers interlaced with chondrocytes
inner NUCLEUS PULPOSUS - a thin mass of degenerated collagen, proteoglycans and water
The anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments
found anterior and posterior to the bodies of vertebra and prevent horizontal displacement of vertebrae
interfacet joints
planar/gliding types of SYNOVIAL JOINTS between the superior facets of an inferior vertebra and the inferior facets of the vertebra directly superior
allow slight movement in multiple directions
Temporomandiblular joints (TMJ)
formed by the CONDYLES OF THE MANDIBLE and the MANDIBULAR FOSSAE OF THE TEMPORAL BONE
movements allowed are elevation, depression, retraction, protraction, with limited lateral movements and rotation
Articular discs (AKA menisci)
composed of fibrocartilage and separate the joint cavity into UPPER AND LOWER COMPARTMENTS each containing synovial fluid
Shoulder joint
a ball and socket type of SYNOVIAL JOINT, formed by the HEAD OF THE HUMERUS and the GLENOID FOSSA OF THE SCAPULA (glenohumeral joint)
4 prominent BURSAE reduce friction over bony prominences -
- SUBACROMIAL
-subscapular
- subdeltoid
- subcoracoid bursa
glenoid labrum
a “cup” of fibrocartilage that slightly deepens the socket
elbow joint
hinge type of SYNOVIAL JOINT, formed but he TROCHLEA of the humerus and the TROCHLEAR NOTCH of the ulna
limits movement at the joint to flexion and extension
articulation of the elbow joint
the HEAD OF THE RADIUS articulates with the CAPITULUM OF THE HUMERUS - allows flexion and extension
two key ligaments prevent abduction and adduction at the elbow:
1. ULNAR COLLATERAL LIGAMENT
2. RADIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT
Hip joint
ball and socket type of synovial joint
between HEAD OF FEMUR and the ACETABULUM OF A COXAL BONE
allows same movements of shoulder but to a lesser degree - flexion
extension
abduction
adduction
internal rotation
external rotation
circumduction
why is the hip joint not able to move as much as the shoulder joint
the acetabulum is a deeper socket than the glenoid fossa
the articular capsule is very dense and strong and is supported by three very strong ligaments:
iliofemoral
pubofemoral
ischiofemoral
acetabular labrum
a cup of fibrocartilage that makes the hip socket slightly deeper than the shoulder socket
knee joint
consists of the largest joint space in the body and is quite complex
the medial and lateral tibiofemoral joints between the CONDYLES OF THE FEMUR AND TIBIA.
the MEDIAL AND LATERAL MENISCUS provide cushioning and some tracking between the femur and the tibia
the MEDIAL AND LATERAL LIGAMENTS prevent abduction and adduction at the knee joint
the ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENTS prevent excessive extension and flexion at the knee as well as limit anterior and posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia
knee bursae
several bursae prevent friction over boy prominences
prepatellar
infrapatellar
suprapatellar
