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Histology Post Midterm > Special Senses Eye > Flashcards

Special Senses Eye Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two division of the eye?

A

functional

anatomical

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2
Q

what makes up the functional division?

A

sensory - retina

dioptric - cornea, ant/post chambers, lens, vitreous body

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3
Q

what makes up the anatomical division?

A 
walls
-tunica externa/fibrosa
-tunica media/vasculosa
-tunica interna/nervosa
lens
ant/post chambers
vitreous body
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4
Q

what makes up the tunica externa/fibrosa?

A

sclera and cornea

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5
Q

what makes up the tunica media/vasculosa?

A

chrooid
ciliary body
iris (uvea)

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6
Q

what makes up the tunica intern/nervosa?

A

retina

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7
Q

what makes up the corneoscleral coat (tunica fibrosa?) 3 main modifications

A

cornea - anterior
substantia propria - middle
area cribosa - posterior

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8
Q

what is found in the substantia propria?

A

collagen fibers

vascular

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9
Q

what is the area cribrosa?

A

perforated for passage of optic nerve and retinal vessels

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10
Q

are blood vessels found in cornea?

A

NO

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11
Q

what has the richest sensory supply?

A

cornea - thats why it hurts so bad when it gets scratched

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12
Q

what are the 5 layers of the cornea? (mneumonic ABCDE)

A
  1. anterior corneal epithelium
  2. bowman’s membrane
  3. corneal stroma
  4. Descemet’s membrane
  5. posterior corneal endothelium
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13
Q

what type of epithelium is found int he anterior corneal epithelium? what are some characteristics

A

stratified squamous epithelium - 5 layers about
has microvilli on superficial cells
basal cell mitotic activity - regen
free nerve endings

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14
Q

how long does it take for cells in teh anterior corneal epithelium to regenerate?

A

7 days for basal cells to reach the surface - thats why a patch over eye for 7 days is good!

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15
Q

what are the characteristics of Bowman’s membrane?

A

homogenous collagen fibers
no cells!!!!
provides strength and stability
does NOT regen

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16
Q

what are characteristics of corneal stroma?

A
  • 60 lamellae each make of collagen fibrils
  • fibroblasts and keratoniocytes between lamellae to produce GS
  • keratin and chondroitin sulphates for ECM
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17
Q

what is a keratoplaty

A

alter the stroma of the cornea

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18
Q

what are characteristics of Descemet’s membrane?

A

homogenous collagen filaments
meshwork of collagen
fenestrations between stroma and corneal endothelium

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19
Q

what are characteristics of the posterior corneal endothelium?

A
  • simple squamous cells
  • abundant sodium pumps
  • maintains optimum hydration of corneal stroma
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20
Q

what is the sclera?

A

dense CT extension of dura

collagen (type I) and elastic fibers

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21
Q

what are the 3 layers of the sclera?

A

Episcleral layer
substantia propria
suprachoroidal lamina

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22
Q

what is Tenon’s space?

A

between episceral layer and substantia propria

site of attachment for ocular muscle

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23
Q

what is the limbus?

A

junction between the cornea and sclera

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24
Q

what are features of the uvea?

A

vascular
loose CT
pigmented cells - to absorb excess light that enters the eye

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25
what are distinguishing features of the choroid?
lots of melanocytes | very vascular
26
what are the 3 layers of the choroid?
1. choroid proper - large BV 2. chorio capillary layer - continuous cap 3. Bruch's membrane
27
what is bruch's membrane?
between choroid nad retinal pigment layer component of the blood retinal barrier
28
what does the ciliary body consist of?
cilliiary muscles | ciliary processes
29
what is the function of hte ciliary muscle?
orientation - radial and circular contraction/relaxation changes the shape of the lens accommodation - near and distant vision innervated by ciliary nerves
30
what is the function of ciliary processes?
1. provide attachment to the capsule of lens by means of zonule fibers (anchor of lens) (ligaments of Zinn) 2. secretion of aqueous humor (non pigmented epithelium) 3. characterized by the presence of fenestrated capillaries!!!!!!
31
what type of fibers are zonule fibers?
elastic (oxytalan) - this is why you get sublux of lens with Marfan syndrome!
32
what is the iris?
loose CT pigmented anteiror extension of choroid - 3rd part of uvea forms diaphragm with pupil in center separates ant from post chamber
33
what types of cells line the anterior iris?
epithelial cells stellate fibroblasts stellate melanocytes
34
what makes up the stroma of iris
collagen fibroblasts malanocytes
35
what makes up the posterior surface of the iris?
inner (posterior) epitheium - pigmented (cont of RPE) | outer epithelium - pigmented myoepithelium cells - makes up dilator pupillae muscles
36
where is sphincter pupillae muscle?
tip of iris | innervated by PNS CN 3
37
what is the sclerocorneal junction?
canal of Schlemm - aqueous humor is drained into ciliary veins!
38
what is the retina derived from?
ectoderm
39
what are the 2 basic layers of the retina?
outer retinal pigment epithelium - not sensory | inner sensory retinal/neural retina
40
is the anterior porition of the retina photosensitive?
no
41
what is the Ora serrate?
joins the outer layer and inner layer - runs around periphery
42
what are characteristics of the pigment epithelial layer?
- single layer of cuboidal cells - synth melanin - cells connected by right junctions - lots of Mv - phago. shed disc of rod/cones - est. blood retinal barrier - esterification of vit. A
43
what are rods?
rhodopsin - (opsin -scotopsin) opsin + chormatophore (vit. A dervied carotensoid --> retinal) night blindess? black and white vision 120 mil
44
what are cones?
7 mil thicker, shorters disc has pigment iodopsin (opsin-photopsin) color vision
45
what are the 4 layers of the retina
pigment epithelial layer outer nuclear layer inner nuclear layer ganglion cell layer
46
what are conducting cells of sensory receptors? (mneumonic BHAN)
biopolar, horizontal, amacrine, nuclei of muller cell
47
how does layers 1-5 get BS?
chorio cappilaries by diffusion
48
how does layer 6-10 get BS?
central retinal a.
49
what is the optic disc?
where optic n. emerges from retina | "blind spot" - no rods or cones
50
what is fovea centralis?
max cones
51
what is macula lutea?
yellow area near fovea - rich in cones | color due to xanthophyll pigment
52
what are the 3 components of the lens?
lens capsule subcapsular epithelium lens fibers
53
what does the vitreous body contain?
hyalocytes - hyluronic acid
54
what is the conjuntiva?
inside of eyelids | secretes mucin
55
what are the glands of the eyelid?
meibomian glands glands of Zeiss glands of Moll
56
when do you get a sty?
when gland of zeiss or moll is obstructed
57
what are the 4 layers of the retina
pigment epithelial layer outer nuclear layer inner nuclear layer ganglion cell layer
58
what are conducting cells of sensory receptors? (mneumonic BHAN)
biopolar, horizontal, amacrine, nuclei of muller cell
59
how does layers 1-5 get BS?
chorio cappilaries by diffusion
60
how does layer 6-10 get BS?
central retinal a.
61
what is the optic disc?
where optic n. emerges from retina | "blind spot" - no rods or cones
62
what is fovea centralis?
max cones
63
what is macula lutea?
yellow area near fovea - rich in cones | color due to xanthophyll pigment
64
what are the 3 components of the lens?
lens capsule subcapsular epithelium lens fibers
65
what does the vitreous body contain?
hyalocytes - hyluronic acid
66
what is the conjuntiva?
inside of eyelids | secretes mucin
67
what are the glands of the eyelid?
meibomian glands glands of Zeiss glands of Moll

Histology Post Midterm (19 decks)

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