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Histology Post Midterm > Special Senses Eye > Flashcards

Special Senses Eye Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two division of the eye?

A

functional

anatomical

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2
Q

what makes up the functional division?

A

sensory - retina

dioptric - cornea, ant/post chambers, lens, vitreous body

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3
Q

what makes up the anatomical division?

A 
walls
-tunica externa/fibrosa
-tunica media/vasculosa
-tunica interna/nervosa
lens
ant/post chambers
vitreous body
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4
Q

what makes up the tunica externa/fibrosa?

A

sclera and cornea

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5
Q

what makes up the tunica media/vasculosa?

A

chrooid
ciliary body
iris (uvea)

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6
Q

what makes up the tunica intern/nervosa?

A

retina

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7
Q

what makes up the corneoscleral coat (tunica fibrosa?) 3 main modifications

A

cornea - anterior
substantia propria - middle
area cribosa - posterior

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8
Q

what is found in the substantia propria?

A

collagen fibers

vascular

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9
Q

what is the area cribrosa?

A

perforated for passage of optic nerve and retinal vessels

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10
Q

are blood vessels found in cornea?

A

NO

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11
Q

what has the richest sensory supply?

A

cornea - thats why it hurts so bad when it gets scratched

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12
Q

what are the 5 layers of the cornea? (mneumonic ABCDE)

A
  1. anterior corneal epithelium
  2. bowman’s membrane
  3. corneal stroma
  4. Descemet’s membrane
  5. posterior corneal endothelium
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13
Q

what type of epithelium is found int he anterior corneal epithelium? what are some characteristics

A

stratified squamous epithelium - 5 layers about
has microvilli on superficial cells
basal cell mitotic activity - regen
free nerve endings

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14
Q

how long does it take for cells in teh anterior corneal epithelium to regenerate?

A

7 days for basal cells to reach the surface - thats why a patch over eye for 7 days is good!

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15
Q

what are the characteristics of Bowman’s membrane?

A

homogenous collagen fibers
no cells!!!!
provides strength and stability
does NOT regen

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16
Q

what are characteristics of corneal stroma?

A
  • 60 lamellae each make of collagen fibrils
  • fibroblasts and keratoniocytes between lamellae to produce GS
  • keratin and chondroitin sulphates for ECM
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17
Q

what is a keratoplaty

A

alter the stroma of the cornea

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18
Q

what are characteristics of Descemet’s membrane?

A

homogenous collagen filaments
meshwork of collagen
fenestrations between stroma and corneal endothelium

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19
Q

what are characteristics of the posterior corneal endothelium?

A
  • simple squamous cells
  • abundant sodium pumps
  • maintains optimum hydration of corneal stroma
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20
Q

what is the sclera?

A

dense CT extension of dura

collagen (type I) and elastic fibers

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21
Q

what are the 3 layers of the sclera?

A

Episcleral layer
substantia propria
suprachoroidal lamina

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22
Q

what is Tenon’s space?

A

between episceral layer and substantia propria

site of attachment for ocular muscle

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23
Q

what is the limbus?

A

junction between the cornea and sclera

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24
Q

what are features of the uvea?

A

vascular
loose CT
pigmented cells - to absorb excess light that enters the eye

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25
Q

what are distinguishing features of the choroid?

A

lots of melanocytes

very vascular

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26
Q

what are the 3 layers of the choroid?

A
  1. choroid proper - large BV
  2. chorio capillary layer - continuous cap
  3. Bruch’s membrane
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27
Q

what is bruch’s membrane?

A

between choroid nad retinal pigment layer

component of the blood retinal barrier

28
Q

what does the ciliary body consist of?

A

cilliiary muscles

ciliary processes

29
Q

what is the function of hte ciliary muscle?

A

orientation - radial and circular
contraction/relaxation changes the shape of the lens
accommodation - near and distant vision
innervated by ciliary nerves

30
Q

what is the function of ciliary processes?

A
  1. provide attachment to the capsule of lens by means of zonule fibers (anchor of lens) (ligaments of Zinn)
  2. secretion of aqueous humor (non pigmented epithelium)
  3. characterized by the presence of fenestrated capillaries!!!!!!
31
Q

what type of fibers are zonule fibers?

A

elastic (oxytalan) - this is why you get sublux of lens with Marfan syndrome!

32
Q

what is the iris?

A

loose CT
pigmented

anteiror extension of choroid - 3rd part of uvea

forms diaphragm with pupil in center

separates ant from post chamber

33
Q

what types of cells line the anterior iris?

A

epithelial cells
stellate fibroblasts
stellate melanocytes

34
Q

what makes up the stroma of iris

A

collagen
fibroblasts
malanocytes

35
Q

what makes up the posterior surface of the iris?

A

inner (posterior) epitheium - pigmented (cont of RPE)

outer epithelium - pigmented myoepithelium cells - makes up dilator pupillae muscles

36
Q

where is sphincter pupillae muscle?

A

tip of iris

innervated by PNS CN 3

37
Q

what is the sclerocorneal junction?

A

canal of Schlemm - aqueous humor is drained into ciliary veins!

38
Q

what is the retina derived from?

A

ectoderm

39
Q

what are the 2 basic layers of the retina?

A

outer retinal pigment epithelium - not sensory

inner sensory retinal/neural retina

40
Q

is the anterior porition of the retina photosensitive?

A

no

41
Q

what is the Ora serrate?

A

joins the outer layer and inner layer - runs around periphery

42
Q

what are characteristics of the pigment epithelial layer?

A
  • single layer of cuboidal cells
  • synth melanin
  • cells connected by right junctions
  • lots of Mv - phago. shed disc of rod/cones
  • est. blood retinal barrier
  • esterification of vit. A
43
Q

what are rods?

A

rhodopsin - (opsin -scotopsin)

opsin + chormatophore (vit. A dervied carotensoid –> retinal)

night blindess?

black and white vision

120 mil

44
Q

what are cones?

A

7 mil

thicker, shorters

disc has pigment iodopsin (opsin-photopsin)

color vision

45
Q

what are the 4 layers of the retina

A

pigment epithelial layer
outer nuclear layer
inner nuclear layer
ganglion cell layer

46
Q

what are conducting cells of sensory receptors? (mneumonic BHAN)

A

biopolar, horizontal, amacrine, nuclei of muller cell

47
Q

how does layers 1-5 get BS?

A

chorio cappilaries by diffusion

48
Q

how does layer 6-10 get BS?

A

central retinal a.

49
Q

what is the optic disc?

A

where optic n. emerges from retina

“blind spot” - no rods or cones

50
Q

what is fovea centralis?

A

max cones

51
Q

what is macula lutea?

A

yellow area near fovea - rich in cones

color due to xanthophyll pigment

52
Q

what are the 3 components of the lens?

A

lens capsule
subcapsular epithelium
lens fibers

53
Q

what does the vitreous body contain?

A

hyalocytes - hyluronic acid

54
Q

what is the conjuntiva?

A

inside of eyelids

secretes mucin

55
Q

what are the glands of the eyelid?

A

meibomian glands
glands of Zeiss
glands of Moll

56
Q

when do you get a sty?

A

when gland of zeiss or moll is obstructed

57
Q

what are the 4 layers of the retina

A

pigment epithelial layer
outer nuclear layer
inner nuclear layer
ganglion cell layer

58
Q

what are conducting cells of sensory receptors? (mneumonic BHAN)

A

biopolar, horizontal, amacrine, nuclei of muller cell

59
Q

how does layers 1-5 get BS?

A

chorio cappilaries by diffusion

60
Q

how does layer 6-10 get BS?

A

central retinal a.

61
Q

what is the optic disc?

A

where optic n. emerges from retina

“blind spot” - no rods or cones

62
Q

what is fovea centralis?

A

max cones

63
Q

what is macula lutea?

A

yellow area near fovea - rich in cones

color due to xanthophyll pigment

64
Q

what are the 3 components of the lens?

A

lens capsule
subcapsular epithelium
lens fibers

65
Q

what does the vitreous body contain?

A

hyalocytes - hyluronic acid

66
Q

what is the conjuntiva?

A

inside of eyelids

secretes mucin

67
Q

what are the glands of the eyelid?

A

meibomian glands
glands of Zeiss
glands of Moll

Histology Post Midterm (19 decks)

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