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Histology Post Midterm > Respiratory System I and II > Flashcards

Respiratory System I and II Flashcards

1
Q

Where does gas exchange occur?

A

alveoli

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2
Q

what are the two divisions of the respiratory system?

A

conducting portion

respiratory portion

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3
Q

what makes up the conducting airway?

A

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchiole

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4
Q

what makes up respiratory portion?

A

respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveolar sacs
alveoli

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5
Q

what type of epithelium is found in the Nares?

A

stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

sweat glands, hair follicles, sebaceous glands

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6
Q

what is the first portion of the nasal cavity?

A

vestibule

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7
Q

what does the vestibule contain?

A

vibrissae

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8
Q

what type of epithelium is found in the vestibule?

A

see changes to pseudostratfied ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells (respiratory epithelium)

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9
Q

what are the features of the lamina propria in the vestibule?

A 
its vascular (many venous plexi)
number of mixed seromucous glands
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10
Q

what are intraepithelial glands

A

multi-cellular glands that remain within the epithelium (unique!)

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11
Q

what are the 3 types of olfactory epithelium?

A

pseudostratified columnar :

  1. olfactory cells
  2. supporting cells
  3. basal cells

NO GOBLET CELLS

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12
Q

what gland is essential for smelling? where are they located?

A

Bowman’s glands

located in LP

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13
Q

what does the larynx do?

A

connect the pharynx with trachea

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14
Q

what supports the larynx?

A 
hyaline cartilage (thyroid, cricoid, lower arytenoid)
Elastic cartilage (epiglottis, corniculate and tips of arytenoids)
Striated muscle and CT with glands
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15
Q

what do true vocal chords consist of ?

A 
skeletal muscle (vocalis)
vocal ligament (band of elastic fibers)
covering of stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium
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16
Q

what does respiratory epithelium line?

A

base of epiglottis to trachea and primary bronchi

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17
Q

what makes up the false vocal cord (vestibular fold)?

A

loose CT containing glands and lymph aggregations
covered by respiratory epithelium
its superior to true cords

18
Q

where would you never find smooth muscle?

A

under the ciliated epithelium of the trachea

19
Q

what are the types of cells found in respiratory epithelium?

A 
ciliated cells
mucous cells (mature goblet and small mucous granule "brush" cells)
20
Q

how do small mucous granule “brush” cells attach to other cells?

A

tight junctions

21
Q

how do APUD (enteroendocrine) cells exert its effects?

A

via paracrine regulation - local effet on nearby structures and cell types

22
Q

what is an important feature of the LP elastic fibers?

A

they run longitudinally and separate the LP from the submuscosa

23
Q

what segment contains the seromucous glands?

A

submucosa

24
Q

what is within the adventitia?

A

C shaped cartilages

25
Q

what area has irregular cartilage plates in their walls (disappearing cartilage)?

A

intrapulmonary bronchi (secondary bronchi)

26
Q

do bronchioles have cartilage in their walls?

A

NO

smooth CIRCULAR muscle replaces the cartilage plates - no glands present

27
Q

what type of epithelium lines the primary bronchioles?

A

ciliar colmnar with goblet cells

28
Q

what type of epithelium lines the terminal and respiratory bronchioles?

A

ciliated cuboidal with secretory Clara cells (phagocytic)

29
Q

what cells make up the terminal bronchiole?

A

simple cuboidal with Clara cells

ciliated cells

30
Q

what do Clara cells contain an abundance of? What is their function?

A

sER

enzymes may be involved in metabolizing toxins from the inspired air

31
Q

what happens to the wall of respiratory bronchioles?

A

interrupted by alveoli - which make the first portion of pulmonary tree in which gaseous exchange takes place

32
Q

what is the rest of the wall of the respiratory bronchioles lined by?

A

simple cuboidal epithelial cells consisting of Clara cells and ciliated cells

33
Q

what separates each alveolar duct from one another?

A

interalveolar septum

34
Q

where is smooth muscle present in alveolar ducts?

A

in the septum at the opening of adjacent alveoli

35
Q

what structure contains smooth muscle in its walls?

A

alveolar duct

36
Q

what type of epithelium lines alveolar ducts?

A

simple squamous epithelium (type I and Type II pneumocytes)

37
Q

what cell forms part of the blood gas barrier?

A

type I pneumocytes

38
Q

what covers about 95% of alveolar surface?

A

type I pneumocytes

39
Q

what pneumocytes produces surfactant?

A

type II

40
Q

what is the prinicple mononuclear phagocyte of the alveolar surface?

A

alveolar macrophage

Histology Post Midterm (19 decks)

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