Clinical Skin Vi

Question 1

what is the normal cell turnover?

Answer 1

2-4 weeks

Question 2

what are the 2 types of wound healing?

Answer 2

epidermal wound healing

deep wound healing

Question 3

what is epidermal wound healing?

Answer 3

follows wounds that affect only the epidermis

involves basal cells of epidermis - check out slide

Question 4

what is deep wound healing?

Answer 4

follows wounds that penetrate the dermis

Question 5

What are the phases of deep wound healing?

Answer 5

inflammatory phase
migratory phase
proliferative phase
maturation phase

Question 6

what phase is granulation tissue found?

Answer 6

migratory phase

Question 7

whats a hypertrophic scar?

Answer 7

scar is raised, but within the original wound boundary

Question 8

what is a keloid scar?

Answer 8

excess of the boundary extending into surrounding tissue

Question 9

what is hyperkeratosis?

Answer 9

hyperplasia of the horny layer of the skin (or the cornea)

Question 10

what is parakeratosis?

Answer 10

retention of nuclei in the stratum corneum of the skin

Question 11

what is acantholysis?

Answer 11

loss of intercellular connections resulting in the loss of cohesion between keratinocytes

Question 12

what is acanthosis?

Answer 12

epidermal hyperplasia (stratum spinosum)

Question 13

what is a complement system?

Answer 13

group of proteins that effect lysis of cells and Ag-Ab complexes and cytokine release

Question 14

what is psoriasis?

Answer 14

autoimmune t cell involvement (cytokines)
disease due to increase rate of proliferation of the mitotic cells = thick epidermis

abnormal keratinocyte differentiation - loss of S. granulosum

S. corneum is thick with nuclei retained

weak junctional complexes (silvery scales)

Question 15

what is psoriasis lead to?

Answer 15

shedding of epidermis constantly resulting in scales seen as whiteish patches

Question 16

how long is the epidermal turnover rate with psoriasis?

Answer 16

3-5 days

Question 17

what is the histopathogenesis of bullous pemphigoid?

Answer 17

presence of igG antibodies specific to hemidesmosomes - separation of teh epithelium from the dermis

Question 18

what releases proteases that degrade hemidesmosomes?

Answer 18

eosinophils

Question 19

what is pempighus vulgarism?

Answer 19

rare autoimmune disorder affecting epidermis and mucosal epithelium - antibodies target desmosomes - cadherins and desmoplakins

desmosomes (intercellular bridges) messed up

separation of epidermal cells (S. spinosum) from one another

atrophy of prickle cell layer

blister formation - easy to rupture

Question 20

what are the two types of albinism?

Answer 20

ocular

oculocutaneous

Question 21

where is melanin in keratinocytes?

Answer 21

supranuclear

Question 22

what are complications of long term albinism?

Answer 22

skin cancer
reduced visual acuity/photophobia (macular hypoplasia)
social stigma

Question 23

what is vitiligo?

Answer 23

depigmentation disorder

autoimmune

destruction of melanocytes

Question 24

what are the types of vitiligo?

Answer 24

focal, segmental, generalized

Question 25

what is carcinoma?

Answer 25

cancer arising from epithelial cells

Question 26

what is the histogenesis of sqamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 26

malignant tumor of keratinocytes

exposure to UV with DNA damage - inactivation of P53 gene

loss of orderly maturation with variability in nuclear size and shape

hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis

cauliflower like growth

Question 27

what are the types of squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 27

superficial

infiltrative - squamous pearls or swirls

Question 28

what is the histogenesis of basal cell carcinoma?

Answer 28

UV light

involves basal cells

single arangement of basal cells surrounding group of tumor cells (Palisade arrangement)

Question 29

what is malignant melanoma?

Answer 29

malignant transformation of melanocytes

increased numner of melanocytes with large atypical morphology and haphazardly arranged at the desmosome epidermal junction

may invade the dermis - mets = fatal

etiology - exposure to sunlight
acute, intermittent, blistering

Question 30

what is von recklinghausens disease?

Answer 30

neurofibromatosis - not a skin lesion!