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Histology Post Midterm > Clinical VI Respiratory > Flashcards

Clinical VI Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

what are the symptoms of laryngeal cancer?

A 
hoarseness of voice < 3 mo
sore throat
persistant couch
no fever
weight loss
smokers/drinkers
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2
Q

what are some functions of microtubules?

A

maintain cell shape and orientation (polarity)
axoneme of cilia and flagella
form spindle for meiosis and mitosis
mediate intracellular movement of vesicles

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3
Q

what is Karagener’s syndrome (Immotile cilia syndrome)?

A

genetic, autosomal recessive disorder

mutation in genees that code for ciliary proteins - tubulin, dynein

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4
Q

what does Karagener’s syndrome (Immotile cilia syndrome) result in?

A

situs inversus
receurrent pulomonary infections
sterility in males

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5
Q

what does Karagener’s syndrome (Immotile cilia syndrome) equal?

A

primary ciliary dyskinesia + situs inversus

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6
Q

what is asthma?

A

widespread constriction of smooth muscles int eh bronchioles - decrease the diameter

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7
Q

what is asthma associated with?

A

extreme difficulty in expiring air
accumulation of mucus in passage ways
infiltration of inflammatory cells

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8
Q

how is asthma treated?

A

with drugs
alburterol - vasodilator
corticosteroids - anti inflammatory

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9
Q

what lung diseases make up COPD?

A

chronic bronchitis

emphysema

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10
Q

what are the symptoms of chronic bronchitis?

A

chronic cough with expectoration ( of sputum)
> 3 consecutive mo.
similar episodes for the past 2 years

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11
Q

why is there a cough with chronic bronchitis?

A

due to airway obstruction

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12
Q

why is the expectoration with chronic bronchitis?

A

due to increased mucus production

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13
Q

what type of diagnosis is chronic bronchitis?

A

clinical diagnosis

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14
Q

what does chronic bronchitis effect?

A

both large and small airways

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15
Q

what is emphysema?

A

permanent dilatation and destruction of airways distal to terminal bronchioles without obvious fibrosis

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16
Q

what type of diagnosis is emphysema?

A

morphological/histological diagnosis

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17
Q

what is the 4th leading COD in US?

A

COPD

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18
Q

what is important to remember about emphysema and neutrophils?

A

neutrophils contain specific and non specific granules that contain collagenase, elastase etc.

19
Q

what does the liver produce that counteracts the elastase and no damage is done to elastic fibers?

A

alpha 1 antitrypsin (AAT)

20
Q

what is noted in a chest x ray of a person wtih emphysema?

A

depressed diaphragm

marked pulmonary hyperinflation

21
Q

what is cystic fibrosis (mucoviscidosis) ?

A

autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutation of the CFTR gene on chromosome 7

22
Q

what are Cl- channel proteins involved in?

A

the alteration of mucus and digetive secretions, swear, tears

23
Q

what does abnormal epithelial transport of Cl- affect?

A

the viscosity of the secretion of the exocrine glands

24
Q

what is result of cystic fibrosis (mucoviscidosis)?

A

almost all exocrine glands secrete abnormally viscid mucus that obstructs the glands and their excretory duct

pulmonary infection due to an exaggerated and ineffective inflammatory response

25
Q

what is hyaline membrane disease (IRDS)?

A

collapsed atelectatic and poorly developed alveoli

25
Q

what is hyaline membrane disease (IRDS)?

A

collapsed atelectatic and poorly developed alveoli

26
Q

what type of membranes line the bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli?

A

eosinophilic hyaline membranes

26
Q

what type of membranes line the bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli?

A

eosinophilic hyaline membranes

27
Q

what happens to the alveolar ducts and respiratory bronchioles in hyaline membrane disease (IRDS)?

A

dilated

27
Q

what happens to the alveolar ducts and respiratory bronchioles in hyaline membrane disease (IRDS)?

A

dilated

28
Q

what is a symptoms of hyaline membrane disease (IRDS)?

A

intense vascular congestion

28
Q

what is a symptoms of hyaline membrane disease (IRDS)?

A

intense vascular congestion

29
Q

in hyaline membrane disease (IRDS) the walls of the collapsed alveoli are ___, and the lymphatics are filled with ____.

A

thick

proteinaceous material

29
Q

in hyaline membrane disease (IRDS) the walls of the collapsed alveoli are ___, and the lymphatics are filled with ____.

A

thick

proteinaceous material

30
Q

what is the leading cause of death from cancer in men and women?

A

lung cancer

30
Q

what is the leading cause of death from cancer in men and women?

A

lung cancer

31
Q

lung cancer is 90% a consequence of what?

A

smoking

31
Q

lung cancer is 90% a consequence of what?

A

smoking

32
Q

what are the two types of lung cancer?

A 
squamous cell carcinoma
small cell (oat cell) carcinoma
32
Q

what are the two types of lung cancer?

A 
squamous cell carcinoma
small cell (oat cell) carcinoma
33
Q

where and how does squamous cell carcinoma arise in the bronchi?

A

where the respiratory epithelium changes to stratified squamous epithelium due to chronic irritation

33
Q

where and how does squamous cell carcinoma arise in the bronchi?

A

where the respiratory epithelium changes to stratified squamous epithelium due to chronic irritation

34
Q

what does initial metaplasia in lung cancer lead to?

A

dysplasia and then to carcinoma (malignant)

34
Q

what does initial metaplasia in lung cancer lead to?

A

dysplasia and then to carcinoma (malignant)

Histology Post Midterm (19 decks)

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