Clinical VI Respiratory Flashcards
what are the symptoms of laryngeal cancer?
hoarseness of voice < 3 mo sore throat persistant couch no fever weight loss smokers/drinkers
what are some functions of microtubules?
maintain cell shape and orientation (polarity)
axoneme of cilia and flagella
form spindle for meiosis and mitosis
mediate intracellular movement of vesicles
what is Karagener’s syndrome (Immotile cilia syndrome)?
genetic, autosomal recessive disorder
mutation in genees that code for ciliary proteins - tubulin, dynein
what does Karagener’s syndrome (Immotile cilia syndrome) result in?
situs inversus
receurrent pulomonary infections
sterility in males
what does Karagener’s syndrome (Immotile cilia syndrome) equal?
primary ciliary dyskinesia + situs inversus
what is asthma?
widespread constriction of smooth muscles int eh bronchioles - decrease the diameter
what is asthma associated with?
extreme difficulty in expiring air
accumulation of mucus in passage ways
infiltration of inflammatory cells
how is asthma treated?
with drugs
alburterol - vasodilator
corticosteroids - anti inflammatory
what lung diseases make up COPD?
chronic bronchitis
emphysema
what are the symptoms of chronic bronchitis?
chronic cough with expectoration ( of sputum)
> 3 consecutive mo.
similar episodes for the past 2 years
why is there a cough with chronic bronchitis?
due to airway obstruction
why is the expectoration with chronic bronchitis?
due to increased mucus production
what type of diagnosis is chronic bronchitis?
clinical diagnosis
what does chronic bronchitis effect?
both large and small airways
what is emphysema?
permanent dilatation and destruction of airways distal to terminal bronchioles without obvious fibrosis
what type of diagnosis is emphysema?
morphological/histological diagnosis
what is the 4th leading COD in US?
COPD
what is important to remember about emphysema and neutrophils?
neutrophils contain specific and non specific granules that contain collagenase, elastase etc.
what does the liver produce that counteracts the elastase and no damage is done to elastic fibers?
alpha 1 antitrypsin (AAT)
what is noted in a chest x ray of a person wtih emphysema?
depressed diaphragm
marked pulmonary hyperinflation
what is cystic fibrosis (mucoviscidosis) ?
autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutation of the CFTR gene on chromosome 7
what are Cl- channel proteins involved in?
the alteration of mucus and digetive secretions, swear, tears
what does abnormal epithelial transport of Cl- affect?
the viscosity of the secretion of the exocrine glands
what is result of cystic fibrosis (mucoviscidosis)?
almost all exocrine glands secrete abnormally viscid mucus that obstructs the glands and their excretory duct
pulmonary infection due to an exaggerated and ineffective inflammatory response
what is hyaline membrane disease (IRDS)?
collapsed atelectatic and poorly developed alveoli
what is hyaline membrane disease (IRDS)?
collapsed atelectatic and poorly developed alveoli
what type of membranes line the bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli?
eosinophilic hyaline membranes
what type of membranes line the bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli?
eosinophilic hyaline membranes
what happens to the alveolar ducts and respiratory bronchioles in hyaline membrane disease (IRDS)?
dilated
what happens to the alveolar ducts and respiratory bronchioles in hyaline membrane disease (IRDS)?
dilated
what is a symptoms of hyaline membrane disease (IRDS)?
intense vascular congestion
what is a symptoms of hyaline membrane disease (IRDS)?
intense vascular congestion
in hyaline membrane disease (IRDS) the walls of the collapsed alveoli are ___, and the lymphatics are filled with ____.
thick
proteinaceous material
in hyaline membrane disease (IRDS) the walls of the collapsed alveoli are ___, and the lymphatics are filled with ____.
thick
proteinaceous material
what is the leading cause of death from cancer in men and women?
lung cancer
what is the leading cause of death from cancer in men and women?
lung cancer
lung cancer is 90% a consequence of what?
smoking
lung cancer is 90% a consequence of what?
smoking
what are the two types of lung cancer?
squamous cell carcinoma small cell (oat cell) carcinoma
what are the two types of lung cancer?
squamous cell carcinoma small cell (oat cell) carcinoma
where and how does squamous cell carcinoma arise in the bronchi?
where the respiratory epithelium changes to stratified squamous epithelium due to chronic irritation
where and how does squamous cell carcinoma arise in the bronchi?
where the respiratory epithelium changes to stratified squamous epithelium due to chronic irritation
what does initial metaplasia in lung cancer lead to?
dysplasia and then to carcinoma (malignant)
what does initial metaplasia in lung cancer lead to?
dysplasia and then to carcinoma (malignant)
