Clinical Integration X Flashcards
what is the plasma membrane composed of?
lipid bilayer containing intrinsic protein and with an external coat of carbs
what are the 6 major categories of integral membrane proteins
pumps channels receptors linkers enzymes structural proteins
what is tetrodotoxin?
produced by puffer fish
-inactivates Na+ channels by occupying the Na+ binding sites (in nerves), paralyzing the prey
- ingested by humans - dizziness, tingling around mouth, ataxia, respiratory paralysis, death
- neurotoxin
- no antidote
what is cholera?
exotoxin produced by Vibrio cholera
- alters Gs protein so that it is unable to hydrolyze its GTP molecule
- cAMP levels increase in the absoprtive surface of cells of intestine, leading to excess sodium ions and water loss = diarrhea
what do venoms do?
inactivate ACh receptors located on the skeletal muscle sarcolemma at NMJ
what happens in autoimmune diseases?
produce antibodies that bind to certain plasma membrane receptors causing them to be activated
-Grave’s disease(hyperthyroidism)
what is heriditary spherocytosis?
fragile, mis-shaped RBCs
defective spectrin that has decreased ability to bind to band 4.1 protein
marked by anemia due to increased destruction of spherocytes in the spleen
what are the two types of chromosomes?
sex chromosomes - XX female, XY males = the 23 pair
autosomal chromosomes = the other 22 pairs
what does FISH technique stand for?
flourescent in-situ hydridization
what is hybridization?`
ability of single stranded DNA or RNA to interact (hybridize)with complementary sequence
what is Klinefelter’s syndrome?
aneuploidy of the sex chromosomes (XXY)
-infertility, masculinization and small testes
what is Turner’s syndrome?
associated wtih monosomy of the sex chromosomes (XO)
- short stature
- sterility
- other abnormalities
- this monosomy is compatible with life
what are transformed cells?
lost their ability to respond to regulatory signals controlling teh cell cycle and may undergo cell division indefinitely, thus becoming cancerous
may be arrested in mitosis by admin of Vinca alkaloids - other drugs block purine and pyrimidine synthesis - thus arresting cells int eh S phase of the cell cycle = bassis of chemo in cancer Tx
what are lysosomal storage diseases in gneral?
hereditary conditions in which the synthesis of specific lysosomal acid hydrolases is impaired
what are the function of peroxisomes?
degrades long chain FA and aa
also degrades the resulting hydrogen peroxide`
