Female Reproductive System I and II Flashcards
what does the cortex of the ovary contain?
CT and ovarian follicles
what does the medulla of the ovary contain?
blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves
what is the surface of the ovary covered by?
single layer of cuboidal cells
what is tunica albuginea?
thick CT layer
what do primordial germ cells arise from?
yolk sac
when does oogenesis being?
during fetal life
what is oogonia?
mitosis of primordial germ cells
what forms after the oogonia?
primary oocyte
where is the primary oocyte arrested until puberty?
prophase of meiosis I
when are all primary oocytes formed?
before birth
of the hundreds of thousand of primary oocytes by birth, only 400 are what?
ovulated during reproductive years
what makes up the most numerous follicles in the cortex?
primordial follicle
what is the oocyte surrounded by in the primordial follicle?
single layer if squamous cells
what makes up the primary follicle?
primary oocyte + single layer of squamous cells with tight junctions
what is the primary follicle (unilaminar) influenced by?
FSH from the anterior pituitary gland
what is the significance of follicular or granulosa cells?
they enlarge and form a single later of cuboidal cells which forms teh unilaminar primary follicle
what is the dark staining layer around the oocyte?
a layer of glycoprotein called the zona pellucida
what forms gap junctions?
filopodia of follicular cells and microvilli of oocyte
what does mitosis of granulosa cells produce?
multilaminar primary follicle
what are the 2 CT layers in the multilaminar primary follicle?
theca interna - next to follicular cells
theca externa - continuous with stroma
what does the theca interna secrete?
steriod secreting cells - androstenedione - precursor to estrogen
what is the appearance of a fluid filled cavity (antrum)?
secondary follicle
what is it called when the oocyte is surrounded by several layers of granulosa cells?
corona radiata
what is it called when the oocyte rests on a small hill of granulosa cells?
cumulus oophorus
what type of fluid does the antrum contain?
hormone rich fluid
what happens with continued maturation and enlargement of secondary follicle?
Graafian follicle - mature follicle prior to ovulation
what do the oocyte and corona radiate cells rest on?
cumulus oophorus
where is teh theca interna located in Graadian follicle?
exterior to the granulosa cells
what is a characteristic of ovulation?
surge of luteinizing hormone
what major event occurs during ovulation?
primary oocyte complete 1st meiotic division and becomes a secondary oocyte and first polar body that is contained within most mature Graffian follicles
the secondary oocycte enters the 2nd meiotic division and stops of metaphase
secondary oocyte surrounding graulosa cells is released from ovary
what does a follicular stimga indicate?
impending ovulation
what is ovulation? release of ______ loss of ____
ovum
antral fluid
what surrounds the oocyte after ovulation?
corona radiata
what hormone inhibits pituitary LH and FSH which prevents development and ovulation of other follicles?
corpus luteum hormones
what happens to the corpus luteum in the absence of pregenany?
degenerates and becomes corpus albicans
what happens to the corpus luteum if pregnancy occurs?
function for 4-5 months to maintain the endometrium
what is corpus hemorrhagicum?
just after ovulation
initially filled with blood
other follicles are involuting
what is corpus luteum?
filled with carotenoids
increase in granulosa lutein and theca lutein cells (luteinization)
what do granulsa lutein cells secrete?
progesterone
what is the importance of the theca lutein cells?
retain their linear characteristics
interspersed between the granulosa lutein cells - fewer in number
secrete progesterone and androgens!!!
what is atretic follicle?
only one ovum is released during ovulation
the rest are broken down - oocyte, zone pellucid and granulsa cells
what are the two types of oviduct cells?
ciliated simple columnar epithelial cells (oviduct cells)
secretory cells
what are ciliated simple columnar epithelial cells?
most numerous
in infnadibulum and ampulla
what are secretory cells?
non ciliated and wedged between ciliated cells they are also called peg cells (arrow) - nutritive material for the ovum!
what movements are involved in movement of the oocyte?
ciliary movements and preistaltic smooth muscle activity
what are the 3 layers of the uterine wall?
inner endometrium (glandular) middle myometrium (muscular) outer perimetrium (lined by serosa/adventita)
what does the myometrium contract under the influence of?
oxycocin at parturition
what layer changes dramatically during the course of each menstraul cycle?
endometrium
what region of endometrium is retained during menstruation?
basal region - stem cells for the functional region and provides the next cycle!
what is the proliferative phase (estrogen phase)
cessation fo menstruation
glands and blood vessel increase in size
uterine endometrium lengthens
uterine tissues - glandular and stromal proliferate
epithelial cells acummulate in glycogen
blood vessels called spiral arteries lengthen and coil slightly
what is the secretory phase (prpgesterone phase) aka luteal phase?
commences with ovulation
spiral a. and glands continue development
glands become elongated, coiled and dilated
endometrium attains its greatest height
what do spiral a. have receptors for?
progesterone
what type of epithelium lines the ectocervix?
stratified squamous non keratinized epithelium
what epithelium is constantly being shed in vagina?
squamous epithelial cells
what is the transformaiton zone (T zone)
sqamous columnar junction - all precancerous cervical lesions develop from here!
what type of epithelium is the fibromuscular canal of the vagina?
non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
when do teh epithelial cells of the vagina store glycogen?
during follicular phase of menstrual cycle
when is glycogen released form epithelial cells of vagina?
during shedding of cells
what is the glycogen converted to?
lactobacillus acidophillus (normal) –> lactic acid
whats the clinical importance of an acidic vagina?
prevents infections
what do synctiotrophoblastic cells secrete?
human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG)
what is teh structures f tertiary villus?
cytotrophoblast
syncytiotrophoblast
core of mesoderm
fetal blood vessels
what stimulates the myoepithelium to contract?
oxytocin 0- suckling
what continues as long as the child suckles?
prolactin secretion and milk production
