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Histology Post Midterm > Female Reproductive System I and II > Flashcards

Female Reproductive System I and II Flashcards

1
Q

what does the cortex of the ovary contain?

A

CT and ovarian follicles

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2
Q

what does the medulla of the ovary contain?

A

blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves

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3
Q

what is the surface of the ovary covered by?

A

single layer of cuboidal cells

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4
Q

what is tunica albuginea?

A

thick CT layer

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5
Q

what do primordial germ cells arise from?

A

yolk sac

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6
Q

when does oogenesis being?

A

during fetal life

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7
Q

what is oogonia?

A

mitosis of primordial germ cells

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8
Q

what forms after the oogonia?

A

primary oocyte

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9
Q

where is the primary oocyte arrested until puberty?

A

prophase of meiosis I

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10
Q

when are all primary oocytes formed?

A

before birth

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11
Q

of the hundreds of thousand of primary oocytes by birth, only 400 are what?

A

ovulated during reproductive years

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12
Q

what makes up the most numerous follicles in the cortex?

A

primordial follicle

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13
Q

what is the oocyte surrounded by in the primordial follicle?

A

single layer if squamous cells

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14
Q

what makes up the primary follicle?

A

primary oocyte + single layer of squamous cells with tight junctions

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15
Q

what is the primary follicle (unilaminar) influenced by?

A

FSH from the anterior pituitary gland

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16
Q

what is the significance of follicular or granulosa cells?

A

they enlarge and form a single later of cuboidal cells which forms teh unilaminar primary follicle

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17
Q

what is the dark staining layer around the oocyte?

A

a layer of glycoprotein called the zona pellucida

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18
Q

what forms gap junctions?

A

filopodia of follicular cells and microvilli of oocyte

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19
Q

what does mitosis of granulosa cells produce?

A

multilaminar primary follicle

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20
Q

what are the 2 CT layers in the multilaminar primary follicle?

A

theca interna - next to follicular cells

theca externa - continuous with stroma

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21
Q

what does the theca interna secrete?

A

steriod secreting cells - androstenedione - precursor to estrogen

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22
Q

what is the appearance of a fluid filled cavity (antrum)?

A

secondary follicle

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23
Q

what is it called when the oocyte is surrounded by several layers of granulosa cells?

A

corona radiata

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24
Q

what is it called when the oocyte rests on a small hill of granulosa cells?

A

cumulus oophorus

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25
Q

what type of fluid does the antrum contain?

A

hormone rich fluid

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26
Q

what happens with continued maturation and enlargement of secondary follicle?

A

Graafian follicle - mature follicle prior to ovulation

27
Q

what do the oocyte and corona radiate cells rest on?

A

cumulus oophorus

28
Q

where is teh theca interna located in Graadian follicle?

A

exterior to the granulosa cells

29
Q

what is a characteristic of ovulation?

A

surge of luteinizing hormone

30
Q

what major event occurs during ovulation?

A

primary oocyte complete 1st meiotic division and becomes a secondary oocyte and first polar body that is contained within most mature Graffian follicles

the secondary oocycte enters the 2nd meiotic division and stops of metaphase

secondary oocyte surrounding graulosa cells is released from ovary

31
Q

what does a follicular stimga indicate?

A

impending ovulation

32
Q

what is ovulation? release of ______ loss of ____

A

ovum

antral fluid

33
Q

what surrounds the oocyte after ovulation?

A

corona radiata

34
Q

what hormone inhibits pituitary LH and FSH which prevents development and ovulation of other follicles?

A

corpus luteum hormones

35
Q

what happens to the corpus luteum in the absence of pregenany?

A

degenerates and becomes corpus albicans

36
Q

what happens to the corpus luteum if pregnancy occurs?

A

function for 4-5 months to maintain the endometrium

37
Q

what is corpus hemorrhagicum?

A

just after ovulation
initially filled with blood
other follicles are involuting

38
Q

what is corpus luteum?

A

filled with carotenoids

increase in granulosa lutein and theca lutein cells (luteinization)

39
Q

what do granulsa lutein cells secrete?

A

progesterone

40
Q

what is the importance of the theca lutein cells?

A

retain their linear characteristics
interspersed between the granulosa lutein cells - fewer in number
secrete progesterone and androgens!!!

41
Q

what is atretic follicle?

A

only one ovum is released during ovulation

the rest are broken down - oocyte, zone pellucid and granulsa cells

42
Q

what are the two types of oviduct cells?

A

ciliated simple columnar epithelial cells (oviduct cells)

secretory cells

43
Q

what are ciliated simple columnar epithelial cells?

A

most numerous

in infnadibulum and ampulla

44
Q

what are secretory cells?

A

non ciliated and wedged between ciliated cells they are also called peg cells (arrow) - nutritive material for the ovum!

45
Q

what movements are involved in movement of the oocyte?

A

ciliary movements and preistaltic smooth muscle activity

46
Q

what are the 3 layers of the uterine wall?

A 
inner endometrium (glandular)
middle myometrium (muscular)
outer perimetrium (lined by serosa/adventita)
47
Q

what does the myometrium contract under the influence of?

A

oxycocin at parturition

48
Q

what layer changes dramatically during the course of each menstraul cycle?

A

endometrium

49
Q

what region of endometrium is retained during menstruation?

A

basal region - stem cells for the functional region and provides the next cycle!

50
Q

what is the proliferative phase (estrogen phase)

A

cessation fo menstruation

glands and blood vessel increase in size

uterine endometrium lengthens

uterine tissues - glandular and stromal proliferate

epithelial cells acummulate in glycogen

blood vessels called spiral arteries lengthen and coil slightly

51
Q

what is the secretory phase (prpgesterone phase) aka luteal phase?

A

commences with ovulation
spiral a. and glands continue development
glands become elongated, coiled and dilated
endometrium attains its greatest height

52
Q

what do spiral a. have receptors for?

A

progesterone

53
Q

what type of epithelium lines the ectocervix?

A

stratified squamous non keratinized epithelium

54
Q

what epithelium is constantly being shed in vagina?

A

squamous epithelial cells

55
Q

what is the transformaiton zone (T zone)

A

sqamous columnar junction - all precancerous cervical lesions develop from here!

56
Q

what type of epithelium is the fibromuscular canal of the vagina?

A

non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

57
Q

when do teh epithelial cells of the vagina store glycogen?

A

during follicular phase of menstrual cycle

58
Q

when is glycogen released form epithelial cells of vagina?

A

during shedding of cells

59
Q

what is the glycogen converted to?

A

lactobacillus acidophillus (normal) –> lactic acid

60
Q

whats the clinical importance of an acidic vagina?

A

prevents infections

61
Q

what do synctiotrophoblastic cells secrete?

A

human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG)

62
Q

what is teh structures f tertiary villus?

A

cytotrophoblast
syncytiotrophoblast
core of mesoderm
fetal blood vessels

63
Q

what stimulates the myoepithelium to contract?

A

oxytocin 0- suckling

64
Q

what continues as long as the child suckles?

A

prolactin secretion and milk production

Histology Post Midterm (19 decks)

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