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K2 > Spain 2022_B2_01 > Flashcards

Spain 2022_B2_01 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. When can use both ser/estar refer to time? (circ 1 of 4)
  2. Circ 1 - What is structure when use estar?
  3. When can use both ser/estar refer to profession? (circ 2 of 4)
  4. Circ 2 - What is structure when use estar?
A
  1. Tiempo: ser = hora (es la una) + fecha (hoy es _día 23_) + día (es lunes) + estación (es primavera). estar = same except hora but diff structure
  2. estamos + a** día 23 (fecha), estamos + **a** lunes (día), estamos + **en primavera (estación)
  3. Profesión: ser = normal, estar = when profession-situation is temporary+ for a period (eg while unemployed). Hence → estar de vacacciones
  4. estar + de + trabajo-situation eg está _de_ camarero, esta finde estoy _de_ boda
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2
Q
  1. When can use both ser/estar refer to location? (circ 3 of 4)
  2. Circ 3 - is there a difference in structure?
  3. When can use both ser/estar refer to value judgments? (circ 4 of 4)
  4. The book is interesting CF the book is bac
A
  1. estar = location of a place (eg school, monument), ser = location of an event
  2. NO both ser/estar + en lugar eg la escuela estar _en_ la Plaza Mentidero, la fiesta es _en_ mi casa
  3. Always use ser unless + bien o mal → estar
  4. El libro es interesante CF el libro está mal
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3
Q
  1. What diff? está negro CF es negro (v specific situation)
  2. Él es (o está) muerto? why?
  3. La comida es (o está) preparada? why?
  4. How use en plan + N (eg secreto)?
A
  1. está negro = he’s angry (colq) CF color = it’s black
  2. Está muerto. Because always use estar to describe the result of a previous process (ie he was sick before he died)
  3. La comida está preparada. Same reason as above ← explains: está en lo cierto
  4. To describe the way in which say or do something eg lo hizo en plan antipático
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4
Q
  1. a helpful person
  2. he has an open/shut mind
  3. the treatment of women
  4. a medical treatment
  5. he’s greedy (for food) (fig = tempting)
A
  1. una persona servicial
  2. tiene una mentalidad cerrada/abierta
  3. el trato a las mujeres
  4. un tratamiento medical
  5. es goloso (cf comilón)
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5
Q
  1. The masking tape’s Francisco, isn’t it? (what use of ser/estar?)
  2. It’s daytime. (what use of ser/estar?)
  3. He’s very tall for his age. (what use of ser/estar?)
  4. What diff? Miguel no es / está católico
A
  1. La cinta de enmascarar es** **DE Francisco, ¿no? (ser = possession) (Note - es de)
  2. Es DE día. (ser = time expression) (Note - es de)
  3. Está muy alto para su edad (estar = subjectivte opinions of the stat of a person or thing)
  4. es = religion, no estar católico** = **to feel under the weather
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6
Q
  1. Animal exp: to be on the ball**, **to be uptodate (Why?)
  2. Exp: to be a gossip** (or **a busybody) (+ define that person in spanish)
  3. Exp: to backstab** (or **badmouth) someone
  4. Animal exp: to rip s.o off** (or **to pull the wool over s.o’s eyes**) (+ 2 alt vbs → Ns = **TO rip off** + **A** _rip of_f**)
  5. Animal exp: to be the black sheep (eg of the family)
  6. Animal exp: to fight like cats and dogs
A
  1. estar al loro (cos’ a parrot hears everything which is said, knows everything which is going on around, hence can speak it out loud)
  2. ser un cotilla (persona chismosa - alguien quien le gustan los chismes (o cotilleos)
  3. poner verde a alguien
  4. Me ha dado (dar)** **gato por liebre (hare) (estafar → un estafo, timar → un timo)
  5. ser la oveja negra
  6. llevarse como el perro y el gato (Also Nb dog B4 cat)
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7
Q
  1. Animal exp = to clown around**, **to play the fool
  2. Animal exp = adolescence** or **puberty
  3. Animal exp = to recoil from s.o (esp. when they want to kiss you)
  4. Animal exp = to be bored to death
  5. Animal exp = to go to bed early
A
  1. hacer el ganso (goose)
  2. la edad del pavo (ie when clash a lot with parents, are against everything etc)
  3. hacer la cobra a alguien (ie what cobra does with its head when its body is raised up b4 striking)
  4. aburrirse como una ostra (eg went to a party, only 2 people→ me aburrí como una ostra)
  5. acostarse con las gallinas (cos’ they rise early, they go to sleep early(
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8
Q
  1. What diff? El queso es** / **está bueno.
  2. What diff? Antonio es** / **está atento (a la explicación)
  3. What diff? ¿E_s_** / **está mejor o peor?
  4. What diff? Esta habitación/ejercicio es** / **está clara
  5. What diff? E_s_** / **está abierto/cerrado
A
  1. es bueno = buena calidad, está bueno = buen sabor
  2. es atento = thoughtful, courteous, está atento = pay attention
  3. es mejor o peor = calidad, está mejor o peor = de salud
  4. es muy clara = light (as in, has lots of light eg house description) está claro = its obvious
  5. es abierto = open, upfront (with other people), rest are obvious
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9
Q
  1. What are the five key uses of por?
A
  1. Cause (happens before the action) CF finalidad (happens after the action = para)
  2. an exchange of something → money for clothes - la compré por 10 Euros, → substitution of one thing for another - hoy alejandro da clase por mí
  3. location without destination → approximation of place - la farmacía está por allí → through - la tren va por Sevilla para Madrid
  4. means THROUGH which transmit s.th eg saw a movie, heard a song etc - llegue aquí por tren (the train was the means by which I came here) CF la escribe a mano/maquina
  5. the INTENTION to do something - estoy por comprarme ropa nueva
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10
Q
  1. What four ways do por and para refer to time differently?
A
  1. Por - refer to an approximate time eg mis padres vienen por navidad
  2. Para - refer to imminency ie s.th about to happen eg está para llover
  3. Por - refer to part of the day
  4. Para - refer to a time limit eg estos deberes son para mañana
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11
Q
  1. Do you - ir (por o para) algo? Why?
  2. Why - este libro/edificii fue escrito/construido por X? What note re structure? When use?
  3. tobacco is harmful. + adj ← vb
  4. there aren’t many mistakes (or errors). (eg in an exercise or test) + adj ← vb
A
  1. Ir por algo (Because the reason go eg for the pencil is cos’ don’t have one ie cause)
  2. Cos is a passive construction. Por always after the participio. Use to refer to something created.
  3. el tobao es perjudicial ← perjudicar = to harm or to damage s.th or s.o
  4. no hay muchos fallos ← fallar = to make a mistake or to fail (ie not succeed in s.th)
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12
Q
  1. What is a person if - es bueno cf está bueno?
  2. What is a thing if - es bueno cf está bueno?
  3. What is a person/thing if - es malo cf está malo?
  4. What is a person if - es interesado** cf **está interesado?
  5. What is a person if - es orgulloso cf está orgulloso?
  6. What is a person if - es abierto
A
  1. PERSON es bueno = honesto, está bueno = atractivo
  2. THING es bueno = buen calidad, está bueno = sabroso
  3. PN es malo = evil, THING está malo = gone off/expired
  4. PN es interesado = selfish, self-interested (only focused on whats good for them), está interesado = interested in s.th
  5. PN es orgulloso = egocentrico, está orgulloso de = proud of
  6. PN es abierto = sociable + receptive
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13
Q
  1. What is un lustro?
  2. The children ran for the swing
  3. The fire was caused by a short circuit.
  4. I need glasses to see up close** (or **close up)
A
  1. a five-year period
  2. los niños corrieron para el columpio
  3. El incendio se produjo por un cortocircuito
  4. necesito gafas para ver de cerca
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14
Q
  1. Use of para, not linked to finallidad (1 /2)?
  2. Use of para, not linked to finallidad (2/2)?
  3. In Spain what say instead of, Hablo por cuatro horas
  4. What alt prep? Me llama dos veces _por_ semana
A
  1. Spoken alt to “a pesar de” ie una contraposición - very common
  2. Para + N + adj, = If you want + N + adj eg Para chocolate bueno, el suizo
  3. Hablo durante cuatro horas + Hablo [] cuatro horas
  4. Me llama dos veces _a la_ semana
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15
Q
  1. Estudio por/para aprender. Which? Why?
  2. Firma tú por/para mi. Which? Why?
  3. Mi padre trabaja por/para Apple. Which? Why?
  4. ¿Sabes por/para qué sirve esto? Which? Why?
  5. Por/para comer tanto, me duele el estómago. Which? Why?
A
  1. Estudio para aprender. Finalidad. Trick = despues ie the learing after study
  2. Firma tú por mi. Un intercambio
  3. Mi padre trabaja para Apple. Finalidad Trabajar para alguien/empresa
  4. ¿Sabes para qué sirve esto? Finalidad. servir para algo
  5. Por comer tanto, me duele el estómago. Causa
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16
Q
  1. Por/Para ser jugador de baloncesto, no es muy alto. Which? Why?
  2. Esta mañana un señor ha preguntado por/para tí. Which? Why?
  3. Haría todo por/para tí/amor. Which? Why?
  4. Habla del dinero que gana por/para darte envidia. No le hagas caso Which? Why?
  5. Por/Para nuestro presidente, el paro es un problema muy grave. Which? Why?
A
  1. _Para_ ser jugador de baloncesto, no es muy alto. Una contraposición = a pesar de
  2. Esta mañana un señor ha preguntado _por_ tí. P_reguntar por_ alguien
  3. Haría todo _por_ tí/amor. Causa
  4. Habla del dinero que gana por darte envidia. No le hagas caso. Por + inf = intention with which do. sth (ie type of cause)
  5. _Para_ nuestro presidente, el paro es un problema muy grave. An opinion
17
Q
  1. Dicho = Everything (happens) in its own time
  2. When use pretérito indefinido?
  3. When use pretérito imperfecto?
  4. When use pretérito perfecto?
A
  1. No por mucho madrugar, amanece más temprano
  2. A FINISHED ACTION + happened at a point in time in past + CAN BE VARIOUS TIMES + no connection with present → use for narrations
  3. Actions habitual in the past → use for descriptions
  4. Action in past + has a relationship with the present eg happened in recent past
18
Q
  1. More generic word for - conceited, vain? More colq word 4 same ie stuck-up?
  2. The seven deadly sins** - envy, **sloth/laziness**, anger, **gluttony**, **lust**, greed and **pride
  3. N x 2 = effort + N = perserverence
  4. stem cells
A
  1. Es engreído ← vb engreir = to make vain/conceited GF > es creido ← vb creer = to think or believe, as in believes that he is better than others
  2. Los siete pecados capitales** - la envidia, **la pereza**, la ira, **la gula**, **la lujuria**, la avaricia y la **soberbia
  3. esfuerzo + ahinco (effort), tesón (perseverence, tenacity)
  4. células madre

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