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K2 > K2_03 > Flashcards

K2_03 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What do we use el participio for?
  2. What’s the rule re concordancia with the participle?
  3. What do we use el gerundio for?
  4. What estar + gerundio mean?
  5. What ir + gerundio mean?
  6. What venir + gerundio mean?
A
  1. To form compound vbs
  2. If used in a compound verb = NO concordancia. IF used as an adj = concordancia p.e la puerta está cerrada
  3. vb + gerundio, todos modos p.e estuve trabajando
  4. expresa progression p.e. to be working - está trabajando
  5. acción progresiva = to get to/to get on with, Yo voy pelando las verduras mientras tú …
  6. expresa acción continua = to have been X, Hace dos semanas venimos trabajando en …
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2
Q
  1. Eg’s of Inf: A: After swimming, I sunbathed B: After I had swum, I sunbathed C. I’m going for a swim
  2. What note re the prep preceding the inf?
  3. When is that different?
  4. Give 2 egs of structures where preceding prep linkind to the inf?
  5. NB inf = frequently = the gerundio in Eng (eg swimming).
A
  1. A. Después de nadar, tomé el sol B. Después de haber nadado, tomé el sol C. Me voy a nadar
  2. The prep is linked to the preceding word eg después
  3. When a stock-standard structure.
  4. A. De haber[lo] sabido, habría traído otro libro = If I had known, I would have brough another book. B Al + inf p.e nadar = While swimming
  5. N/a
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3
Q
  1. Why is the CONDICIONAL SIMPLE more impt than the future?
  2. What are the 5 things the condicional is used for?
  3. How use condicional for pasado futuro (4/5)?
  4. I thought that in Cádiz that it didn’t rain [but it did yesterday]
  5. Paulina said she would do it for me, and it didn’t.
  6. Probability in the past: I don’t know at what time I woke up yesterday
A
  1. Because used for more things in spoken speech
  2. A. Cortesia B. Deseo (me gustaría) C. Consejo (Si yo fuera tú, lo haría) D. Pasado futuro E. Probabilidad en el pasado
  3. When talking IN THE PRESENT about thoughts or promises in THE PAST about THE FUTURE
  4. Yo pensaba en Cadiz que no llovería (a thought in past re fut)
  5. Paulina dijo que lo haría por mí, y no lo hizo (a promise in past re fut)
  6. No sé a qué hora, me despertaría ayer
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4
Q
  1. What are the 4 forms re IMPERATIVE?
  2. The 4 forms of: A. vivir B. hacer C. sal D. ir
  3. How make the imp. softer? atenuar
  4. How make it harder? eg person not listening
A
  1. Infml (tú + vosotros) Fml (usted + ustedes)
  2. A. vive, vivid, viva, vivan B. haz, haced, haga, hagan C. sal, salid, salga, salgan D. ve, id, vaja, vajan
  3. Por favor, tono de voz más suave etc.
  4. Repeat + harsher voice. Then spelle it out using the subj eg ¡Ven! then ¡Te he dicho que vengas! (this is why look at Imp B4 subj)
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5
Q

Imp often used in spoken Span to make the language more vivid. What is the purpose:
1. ¡Vaya! Ayer murió X …
2. ¡Anda!
3. ¡Venga!
4. ¡Venga ya!/¡Anda ya!
5. ¡Oye!
6. ¡Mira!
7. Dale, con lo mismo, gordi

A
  1. to express surprise
  2. ¡Por favor! ie Come on!, as in please let me do it
  3. para animar a alguien ie Come on!, encouragement
  4. No me lo creo. Es mentira ie come off it ie Come On!, as in Yeah, sure
  5. When you want to get s.o. attention
  6. When you want to explain s.th
  7. Here we go again, darling (exasperation)
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6
Q
  1. she’s well dressed [vb = to dress well] [CLUE: vb used here NOT llevar]
  2. A. It’s normal that people wear futball (tops) [to wear] B. Why that tense?
  3. He’s a lout/boor [N]. That was rude [adj].
A
  1. va** bien vestida [vestir bien**]
  2. A. es normal que la gente vista de futbol [vestir de] B. es normal = valoracion
  3. Es un borde. Esto fue borde
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7
Q
  1. I sacked my secretary … [vb]
  2. She treats him like a doormat [lit + fig]
  3. I’ve got … the[/side] stitch [What else mean?] … cramp … muscle soreness
  4. I also got dressed up! [to get ready]
A
  1. Despaché a mi secretaria [despechar a alguien]
  2. le trataba como a un felpudo
  3. me dio [me/te dar] … el flato [wind ie flatulence] … un calambre … las agujetas
  4. Yo también me arreglé! [arreglarse]
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8
Q
  1. What are 4 modos de subjuntivo? (eg comer)
  2. Which subj mode use to refer to the future?
  3. Does it matter how far into the future referring?
  4. I hope I win the lottery (x2, optomistic + pessimistic view)
  5. I hope I won the lottery
  6. What 3 circs use the subj mode in 5?
A
  1. A. presente (coma) B. pretérito imperfecto (comiera-ese) C. pretérito perfecto (haya comido) D. pretérito pluscuamperfecto (hubiera comido)
  2. presente (optomistic) + pretérito imperfecto (pessimistic)
  3. No
  4. A. Ojalá me toque la lotería B. Ojalá me tocara la lotería
  5. Ojalá me haya tocado la lotería
  6. A. recent past or B. present + don’t know C. Asking about an experience
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9
Q
  1. Eg.I need someone who has studied Excel
  2. Why this subj? Why this modo?
  3. What is the general rule re use of the subj?
  4. 1st 3 categories the use of the subj depends on in the primary bit?
  5. What is diff between a neg opinion vb and a vb of influence?
A
  1. necesito alguien que haya estudiado Excel
  2. A. subj cos relativo desconicido (alguien) B. modo cos’ asking about [an] experience
  3. It’s use always depends on the existence of s.th else eg Ojalá, como si, vb de influencia etc.
  4. A. vbs of influence B. A negative opinion C. a valoracion
  5. Not seeking to change the behavious
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10
Q
  1. What are neg opinion vbs?
  2. A. What happens when add bien to me parece bien que …? B. How diff to other neg opinion vbs?
  3. How distinguish valoraciones from neg. opinion vbs?
  4. Why is “Veo mal que vengas solo a la playa” a valoración and not a neg opinion?
A
  1. creer, opinar, pensar, parecer
  2. A. It changes from a neg. opinion vb to a valoración? B. Can’t do this with other neg opinion vbs ie can’t say “no creo mal”
  3. Valoraciones are impersonal constructions eg es interesante/estupendo/normal + está bien
  4. Cos’ veo is a substitute for está mal
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11
Q
  1. 2nd group of 3 categories precede use of subj?
  2. What is a relativo?
  3. When use the subj re a relativo? (cat. 7)
  4. Why: Tengo una pizarra que es muy pequeño
  5. Why: Quiero una pizarra que sea más grande
A
  1. A. temporal conectores (eg cuando) B. finalidad (para que) C. vbs de sentimientos (p.e.gustar, sentir, importar, doler, sorprender, molestar etc.)
  2. It is the thing in the antecedente to which the subordinate section refers?
  3. When the antecedent is unknown/desconocido
  4. We know it’s small (a fact)
  5. We don’t know if a large size exists
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12
Q
  1. A. Those of you who don’t understand, stay in class B. Why subj?
  2. What is 8th category? [CLUE: I’m not sure]
  3. Why subj de modo perfecto: cuando haya cumplido 18, conduciré
  4. What 2 subj modos use with para que? Why?
  5. Always “Ojalá + subj” (as a wish, ie of influence). When “Ojalá que + subj”?
A
  1. A. Los que no comprendéis que se quedéis en clase B. Relativo/desconocido (ie who doesn’t understand)
  2. Dudas/probabilidades
  3. Cos’ Marta looking at as a fixed period which will be finished in the future (ie so keen to drive)
  4. A. pres. subj (optomistic) + impf. subj (pessimistic). B. Only two subj. modes which refer to the future (however far into the future)
  5. Personal choice.
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13
Q
  1. The cat is much more unsociable/unfriendly than the dog. [adj, also = surly
  2. Loc. exp: I smell a rat [or, there’s something fishy going on here]
  3. Loc. exp: Has the cat got your tongue?
  4. Loc. vb: to hold your tongue
  5. How change adj = mischievous/naughty -> daring
A
  1. El gato es mucho mas arisco que el perro
  2. Aqui hay gato encerrado
  3. ¿Te ha mordido la lengua un gato
  4. morderse la lengua
  5. travieso/a -> atrevido <- atrevar = to take a risk <- atrevarse = to be cheeky
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14
Q
  1. Explain why in subj: Quisiera ser un pez (by Juan Luis Guerra)
  2. How choose: estar or ser + “good” (valoracion) + que + subj?
  3. What trick re estar + good?
  4. What trick re ser + good?
  5. Why (2) place buen/a BEFORE N: es un buen chico, es una buena chica.
A
  1. Is a substitute for ojalá, which always takes subj
  2. Personal preference, no diff
  3. estaría bien <- bien = an adverb p.e. come bien
  4. sería bueno <- bueno = an adj p.e. el libro es muy bueno
  5. A. to give emphasis B. is subjective opinion
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15
Q
  1. Exp, valer: I couldn’t do that (eg don’t have the patience to be a teacher)
  2. I’ll give a voucher/chit/token (eg when return goods) [NOT: bono]
  3. What type of subj can use with cuando (a temporales): when I return to Germany I will be sad
  4. Alt ways to finish: estoy harto de N + que + subj
A
  1. No valgo para eso
  2. Te doy un vale
  3. cuando + pres, subj, futuro: cuando vuelva a alemanía, estará triste
  4. Estoy harto hasta … A. las narices B. el moño (ie bun, hair) B. la coronilla (la corona, topmost part of head)
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16
Q
  1. “hartarse de” is a very emphatic vb [what -> forceful]
  2. colq oral struct: I’m going home, I’m on my way
  3. struct: I find it boring [normal N + colq N]
  4. a spoiled child <- Exp via vb
  5. they fobbed me off [vb - to fob off]
A
  1. hartarse de es un verbo muy rotundo [-> contundente
  2. Voy yendo a mi casa, Voy yendo en camino
  3. me parece UN aburrimiento/rollo
  4. un niño consentido <- consentir, also means to spoil cos’ always “consenting” to what the child wants
  5. me engatusaron [engatusar]

**

17
Q
  1. What diff between “un delito” y “un crimen”
  2. I’m my usual weight
  3. When say ¿Cómo? p.e. Son los 8:00.
  4. What other reason use ¿Cómo? ¿Que ….estoy más delgado?
  5. baby food OR mush
A
  1. Un crimen is a delito in which kill or hurt s.o.
  2. Estoy en mi peso de siempre
  3. When don’t quite hear what the other person said and want to clarify ie a doubt
  4. When don’t like what other person said + repeat back what they said as a question
  5. la papilla

K2 (19 decks)

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