SP4: Liver Diseases

Question 1

What are the right and left nodes of the liver separated by?

Answer 1

Falciform ligament

Question 2

How many segments make up the liver?

Answer 2

8 segments

Question 3

What does the hepatic artery bring to the liver?

Answer 3

Oxygenated blood

Question 4

What does the hepatic portal vein bring to the liver?

Answer 4

Nutrients

Question 5

How does the gallbladder connect to the common hepatic duct?

Answer 5

Via the cystic duct

Question 6

What cell is liver tissue made up of?

Answer 6

Hepatocytes

Question 7

What are sheets of hepatocytes separated by?

Answer 7

Sinusoids

Question 8

What are the 3 main functions of the liver?

Answer 8

• Metabolic function
• Synthesis function
• Storage function

Question 9

What are the 4 main symptoms of liver disease?

Answer 9

• Jaundice
• Oedema
• Ascites
• Cerebral dysfunction

Question 10

What is jaundice?

Answer 10

Raised serum bilirubin, with bilirubin deposition in tissues

Question 11

What are the 2 types of jaundice?

Answer 11

• Unconjugated

- Conjugated

Question 12

Explain prehepatic jaundice? (3)

Answer 12

• Excess bilirubin production
• Internal bleeding
• Ineffective erythropoiesis

Question 13

Explain intrahepatic jaundice? (3)

Answer 13

• Impaired conjugation
• Impaired excretion of bilirubin
• Reduction in bilirubin uptake

Question 14

What can cause post hepatic jaundice?

Answer 14

Extrahepatic biliary obstruction

ie Gallstones, cancer etc

Question 15

What are some hepatic causes of oedema? (2)

Answer 15

• Portal hypertension

- Hypoalbuminaemia

Question 16

What are some hepatic causes of Ascites? (2)

Answer 16

• Portal hypertension

- Hypoalbuminaemia

Question 17

What is Ascites?

Answer 17

Ascites is the abnormal buildup of fluid in the abdomen

Question 18

How does liver disease cause cerebral dysfunction?

Answer 18

When impaired, the liver produces more ammonia. Ammonia disrupts neurotransmission.

Question 19

Define hepatitis

Answer 19

Inflammation of liver following injury

Question 20

What are some causes of hepatitis? (4)

Answer 20

• Viral
• Alcohol
• Drugs/toxins
• Autoimmune

Question 21

What are some symptoms of acute hepatitis? (5)

Answer 21

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Dark urine
• Jaundice

Question 22

What can cause Chronic hepatitis? (4)

Answer 22

• Hep B or B+D
• Hep C
• Autoimmune Hep
• Drug-induced Hep

Question 23

What can become inflamed during chronic hepatitis? (3)

Answer 23

• Lymphocytes
• Portal vein
• Lobular structure

Question 24

What is liver cirrhosis?

Answer 24

Irreversible end stage liver disease

Question 25

What are some causes of liver cirrhosis? (5)

Answer 25

- Alcohol - Viral Hepatitis - Autoimmune Hep - Drugs - Venous outflow obstruction

Question 26

What could result from hepatic failure? (6)

Answer 26

- Jaundice - Hypoalbuminaemia - Coagulopathy - DIC (Clotting around body) - Raised serum urea - Hepatorenal syndrome

Question 27

Explain the liver changes due to alcoholic steatosis (2)

Answer 27

- Fatty liver | - Fibrosis

Question 28

Explain the liver changes due to alcoholic hepatitis (5)

Answer 28

- Fatty liver - Fibrosis - Hepatocyte necrosis - Inflammation - Iron deposition

Question 29

Name a benign primary liver tumour

Answer 29

Liver cell adenoma

Question 30

Give examples of malignant primary liver tumours (4)

Answer 30

- Hepatocellular carcinoma - Cholangiocarcinoma - Angiosarcoma - Hepatoblastoma

Question 31

What are some clinical features of Hepatocellular carcinoma (3)

Answer 31

- Abdominal pain - Weight loss - Hepatomegaly

Question 32

Hepatocellular carcinoma causes a rise in which protein in the blood?

Answer 32

Raised serum α-feto protein