SP4: Liver Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What are the right and left nodes of the liver separated by?

A

Falciform ligament

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2
Q

How many segments make up the liver?

A

8 segments

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3
Q

What does the hepatic artery bring to the liver?

A

Oxygenated blood

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4
Q

What does the hepatic portal vein bring to the liver?

A

Nutrients

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5
Q

How does the gallbladder connect to the common hepatic duct?

A

Via the cystic duct

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6
Q

What cell is liver tissue made up of?

A

Hepatocytes

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7
Q

What are sheets of hepatocytes separated by?

A

Sinusoids

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8
Q

What are the 3 main functions of the liver?

A
  • Metabolic function
  • Synthesis function
  • Storage function
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9
Q

What are the 4 main symptoms of liver disease?

A
  • Jaundice
  • Oedema
  • Ascites
  • Cerebral dysfunction
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10
Q

What is jaundice?

A

Raised serum bilirubin, with bilirubin deposition in tissues

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11
Q

What are the 2 types of jaundice?

A
  • Unconjugated

- Conjugated

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12
Q

Explain prehepatic jaundice? (3)

A
  • Excess bilirubin production
  • Internal bleeding
  • Ineffective erythropoiesis
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13
Q

Explain intrahepatic jaundice? (3)

A
  • Impaired conjugation
  • Impaired excretion of bilirubin
  • Reduction in bilirubin uptake
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14
Q

What can cause post hepatic jaundice?

A

Extrahepatic biliary obstruction

ie Gallstones, cancer etc

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15
Q

What are some hepatic causes of oedema? (2)

A
  • Portal hypertension

- Hypoalbuminaemia

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16
Q

What are some hepatic causes of Ascites? (2)

A
  • Portal hypertension

- Hypoalbuminaemia

17
Q

What is Ascites?

A

Ascites is the abnormal buildup of fluid in the abdomen

18
Q

How does liver disease cause cerebral dysfunction?

A

When impaired, the liver produces more ammonia. Ammonia disrupts neurotransmission.

19
Q

Define hepatitis

A

Inflammation of liver following injury

20
Q

What are some causes of hepatitis? (4)

A
  • Viral
  • Alcohol
  • Drugs/toxins
  • Autoimmune
21
Q

What are some symptoms of acute hepatitis? (5)

A
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Loss of appetite
  • Dark urine
  • Jaundice
22
Q

What can cause Chronic hepatitis? (4)

A
  • Hep B or B+D
  • Hep C
  • Autoimmune Hep
  • Drug-induced Hep
23
Q

What can become inflamed during chronic hepatitis? (3)

A
  • Lymphocytes
  • Portal vein
  • Lobular structure
24
Q

What is liver cirrhosis?

A

Irreversible end stage liver disease

25
Q

What are some causes of liver cirrhosis? (5)

A
  • Alcohol
  • Viral Hepatitis
  • Autoimmune Hep
  • Drugs
  • Venous outflow obstruction
26
Q

What could result from hepatic failure? (6)

A
  • Jaundice
  • Hypoalbuminaemia
  • Coagulopathy
  • DIC (Clotting around body)
  • Raised serum urea
  • Hepatorenal syndrome
27
Q

Explain the liver changes due to alcoholic steatosis (2)

A
  • Fatty liver

- Fibrosis

28
Q

Explain the liver changes due to alcoholic hepatitis (5)

A
  • Fatty liver
  • Fibrosis
  • Hepatocyte necrosis
  • Inflammation
  • Iron deposition
29
Q

Name a benign primary liver tumour

A

Liver cell adenoma

30
Q

Give examples of malignant primary liver tumours (4)

A
  • Hepatocellular carcinoma
  • Cholangiocarcinoma
  • Angiosarcoma
  • Hepatoblastoma
31
Q

What are some clinical features of Hepatocellular carcinoma (3)

A
  • Abdominal pain
  • Weight loss
  • Hepatomegaly
32
Q

Hepatocellular carcinoma causes a rise in which protein in the blood?

A

Raised serum α-feto protein