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BDS 2: FHHD > M2: Sterilisation & Disinfection > Flashcards

M2: Sterilisation & Disinfection Flashcards

1
Q

Define Sterilisation

A

Removal or inactivation of all micro-organisms from an article including viruses, bacteria & fungi

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2
Q

Define Disinfection

A

Removal or inactivation of some micro-organisms from an article

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3
Q

Define Antiseptic

A

Substance which destroys or inhibits the growth of micro-organisms
(e.g. open wounds or abrasions)

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4
Q

Define Asepsis

A

State of being free from living organisms.

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5
Q

Define Cleaning

A
  • Soil-removing process
  • Removes high proportion of micro-organisms present
  • Widely applied prior to sterilisation and disinfection.
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6
Q

What are the 4 main methods of sterilisation?

A
  • Heat
  • Irradiation
  • Gas
  • Filtration
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7
Q

Influencing factors for heat sterilisation (5)

A
  • Temperature
  • Time
  • Number of organisms
  • Species and spore-forming ability of the micro-organisms
  • Nature of the contaminated material
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8
Q

What is moist heat?

A
  • Used for cleaning instruments
  • Highly effective (better than dry heat)
  • Requires temps above 100 degrees
  • Uses autoclave
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9
Q

Name some dry heat methods

A
  • Incineration
  • Red heat
  • Heating
  • Hot air steriliser
  • Microwave ovens (not reliable)
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10
Q

Comment on the heat and time required between dry and moist air

A

With moist air you can use a lower temperature for a shorter time to sterilise

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11
Q

What is irradiation?

What is it used for?

A
  • Ionising radiation including gamma rays, x-rays and accelerated electrons
  • Used for commercial sterilisation of single-use items e.g. plastic syringes
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12
Q

What is the gaseous process of sterilisation?

What is it used for?

A

An example is ethylene oxide

  • Highly penetrative and non-corrosive
  • Used for commercial sterilisation of single use items.
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13
Q

What are sterilisation indicators used for?

A
  • Used to determine whether sterilisation has occurred (e.g. inside autoclave)
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14
Q

How do biological sterilisation indicators work?

A
  • Usually cultures of Bacillus spp

- After use, the strips are cultured in media and any growth is indicative of sterilisation failure

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15
Q

How do non-biological sterilisation indicators work?

A

Autoclave tape and Brownes’ tubes show apparatus reached correct temperature

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16
Q

What are the 5 main methods of disinfection?

A
  • Moist heat
  • UV Radiation
  • Gases
  • Filtration
  • Chemicals
17
Q

What factors influence chemical disinfection?

A
  • Concentration
  • Number, type and location of micro-organism
  • Temp and pH of treatment
  • Presence of external substance
18
Q

What are the main classes of disinfectants

A
  • Alcohols
  • Aldehydes
  • Biguanides
  • Halogens
  • Phenolics
  • Peroxygenated compounds
  • Surface-active agents
19
Q

What are the 3 main sources of infection in the dental surgery

A
  • Patients suffering from the infectious
    disease
  • Patient in the prodromal stage of certain infections
  • Individuals who are carriers of pathogenic micro-organisms
20
Q

What are the 3 main sources of infection transmission in the dental surgery

A
  • By direct contact of tissues with skin or body fluids
  • By droplets containing infectious agents
  • Via contaminated instruments which have not been rendered safe for reuse
21
Q

What is autoclave?

What are the advantages pf this?

What are the disadvantages of this? (2)

A
  • Steam under pressure
  • Running cost is low
  • Apparatus is expensive
  • Rust possible
22
Q

What is chemiclave?

What are the advantages pf this?

What are the disadvantages of this? (4)

A
  • Various microbicidal substances at high temperatures, usually in vapour form
  • Does not rust dental instruments
  • Long cycle time
  • Vapours may be harmful
  • Machine need careful maintenance
  • Chemical involved are expensive
23
Q

What is hot air oven?

What are the advantages pf this?

What are the disadvantages of this? (4)

A
  • Hot air used
  • Very cheap to run
  • Long cycle
  • Not reliable even when fitted with circulatory fans
  • Damages instruments
  • Sterilisation cycles can be interrupted

BDS 2: FHHD (34 decks)

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