M14: Oral Infections Flashcards
List some important bacterial genera found in the Oral Cavity
State whether they are gram positive or negative
- Actinomyces +
- Lactobacillus +
- Fusobactreium -
- Porphyromonas -
- Prevotella -
What is the most common fungi found in mouth?
Candida
What are the most common viruses found in the mouth? (4)
- Herpes simplex type I
- Cytomegalovirus
- Hepatitis
- Coxsackie viruses
What are the 3 classification of oral infections?
- Bactreial, final and viral
- Endogenous and exogenous
- Hard and soft tissue infections
What is an endogenous oral infection?
Infection caused by micro-organisms normally found in the mouth
What is an exogenous oral infection?
Infection caused by micro-organisms not normally found in the oral microflora
Name some bacteria that cause caries (2)
- Streptococcus mutans
- Lactobaccilli
What microorganisms cause dental abscesses? (2)
- Oral streptococci
- Many oral anaerobes
What microorganism cause dry socket?
- Actinomyces
What microorganism cause Osteomyelitis?
- Staphylococcus aureus
What microorganisms cause Periodontal disease? (4)
- Porphyromonas
- Prevotella
- Capnocytophaga
- Aggregatibacter
What microorganisms cause acute ulcerative gingivitis (AUG)? (3)
- Fusobacterium
- Treponema
- Prevotella intermedia
What microorganisms cause Pericoronitis? (2)
- Oral anerobes
(P. gingivalis) - P. intermedia
What microorganisms cause Sialadenitis? (2)
- S.aureus
- Oral streptococci
What microorganism cause Actinomycosis?
- Actinomyces israelii
What microorganism cause Gonorrhoea?
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
What microorganism cause Syphilis?
- Treponema pallidum
What microorganism cause Tuberculosis?
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
What microorganisms cause Candidiasis? (2)
- Candida albicans
- Candida spp.
What microorganism cause Herpes zoster?
- Varicella-Zoster
What microorganism cause Herpangina?
- Coxsackie A
What microorganism cause Oral warts?
- Papilloma
What microorganism cause Hand, foot and mouth disease?
- Coxsackie A
What microorganism cause Glandular fever?
- Epstein-Barr
Major disturbances to the oral microflora often results in infections. What are the 3 major ways this occur?
- Selective overgrowth of certain endogenous species
- Displacement of certain endogenous species
- Introduction of exogenous micro-organisms
Name 2 physiological predisposing factors of oral infections
- Old age & Infancy
- Pregnancy
What is the effect of old age and Infancy on the host defence mechanism? (2)
- Decrease of antibodies
- Decrease in salivary flow
DO FACTORS
-
What is Metronidazole?
- Antibiotic with increased activity against anaerobic bacteria
- Patients should be warned of the effects of alcohol, metallic taste
What is Amoxycillin?
- Broad spectrum antibiotics with good oral absorption and acts by interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis.
- Predisposes to candidiasis
What is Tetracycline?
Who can it not be given to?
- Broad spectrum antibiotic carrying a significant risk of exacerbating renal failure
- It should not be given to patients with a history or renal disease of to children under 12, pregnant or breast feeding mothers as the drug is also retained in mineralized tissue
Name some topical antifungals (3)
- Nystatin
- Amphotericin
- Miconazole
Name some systemic antifungals (2)
- Ketoconazole
- Fluconazole
When is topical antivirals used
For treatment of recurrent herpes labialis
When are systemic antivirals such as aciclovir used?
Aciclovir is used especially for health care workers treating immunocompromised patients and in those who present within 48 hours of herpes infection.
Predisposing factors such as old age and infancy can lead to what oral infection? (2)
- Candidiasis
- Root caries
Predisposing factors such as pregnancy can lead to what oral infection?
Gingivitis
The predisposing factor of malnutrition has what affect on the host defence mechanism?
What oral infection may it lead to?
- Iron and folate deficiencies
- Candidiasis
The predisposing factor of AIDS has what affect on the host defence mechanism?
What oral infection may it lead to?
- Reduction in host immune defences
- Candidiasis
The predisposing factor of endocrine disorders can lead to what oral infection?
Fungal infections
The predisposing factor of antibiotic therapy has what affect on the host defence mechanism?
What oral infection may it lead to?
- Loss of colonisation resistance
- Candidiasis
The predisposing factor of chemotherapy has what affect on the host defence mechanism?
What oral infection may it lead to? (2)
- Xerostomia
- Candidiasis
- Caries
The predisposing factor of oral malignancies has what affect on the host defence mechanism?
What oral infection may it lead to? (2)
- Xerostomia
- Candidiasis
- Caries
