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BDS 2: FHHD > M14: Oral Infections > Flashcards

M14: Oral Infections Flashcards

1
Q

List some important bacterial genera found in the Oral Cavity

State whether they are gram positive or negative

A
  • Actinomyces +
  • Lactobacillus +
  • Fusobactreium -
  • Porphyromonas -
  • Prevotella -
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2
Q

What is the most common fungi found in mouth?

A

Candida

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3
Q

What are the most common viruses found in the mouth? (4)

A
  • Herpes simplex type I
  • Cytomegalovirus
  • Hepatitis
  • Coxsackie viruses
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4
Q

What are the 3 classification of oral infections?

A
  • Bactreial, final and viral
  • Endogenous and exogenous
  • Hard and soft tissue infections
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5
Q

What is an endogenous oral infection?

A

Infection caused by micro-organisms normally found in the mouth

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6
Q

What is an exogenous oral infection?

A

Infection caused by micro-organisms not normally found in the oral microflora

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7
Q

Name some bacteria that cause caries (2)

A
  • Streptococcus mutans

- Lactobaccilli

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8
Q

What microorganisms cause dental abscesses? (2)

A
  • Oral streptococci

- Many oral anaerobes

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9
Q

What microorganism cause dry socket?

A
  • Actinomyces
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10
Q

What microorganism cause Osteomyelitis?

A
  • Staphylococcus aureus
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11
Q

What microorganisms cause Periodontal disease? (4)

A
  • Porphyromonas
  • Prevotella
  • Capnocytophaga
  • Aggregatibacter
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12
Q

What microorganisms cause acute ulcerative gingivitis (AUG)? (3)

A
  • Fusobacterium
  • Treponema
  • Prevotella intermedia
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13
Q

What microorganisms cause Pericoronitis? (2)

A
  • Oral anerobes
    (P. gingivalis)
  • P. intermedia
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14
Q

What microorganisms cause Sialadenitis? (2)

A
  • S.aureus

- Oral streptococci

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15
Q

What microorganism cause Actinomycosis?

A
  • Actinomyces israelii
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16
Q

What microorganism cause Gonorrhoea?

A
  • Neisseria gonorrhoeae
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17
Q

What microorganism cause Syphilis?

A
  • Treponema pallidum
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18
Q

What microorganism cause Tuberculosis?

A
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
19
Q

What microorganisms cause Candidiasis? (2)

A
  • Candida albicans

- Candida spp.

20
Q

What microorganism cause Herpes zoster?

A
  • Varicella-Zoster
21
Q

What microorganism cause Herpangina?

A
  • Coxsackie A
22
Q

What microorganism cause Oral warts?

A
  • Papilloma
23
Q

What microorganism cause Hand, foot and mouth disease?

A
  • Coxsackie A
24
Q

What microorganism cause Glandular fever?

A
  • Epstein-Barr
25
Q

Major disturbances to the oral microflora often results in infections. What are the 3 major ways this occur?

A
  • Selective overgrowth of certain endogenous species
  • Displacement of certain endogenous species
  • Introduction of exogenous micro-organisms
26
Q

Name 2 physiological predisposing factors of oral infections

A
  • Old age & Infancy

- Pregnancy

27
Q

What is the effect of old age and Infancy on the host defence mechanism? (2)

A
  • Decrease of antibodies

- Decrease in salivary flow

28
Q

DO FACTORS

A

-

29
Q

What is Metronidazole?

A
  • Antibiotic with increased activity against anaerobic bacteria
  • Patients should be warned of the effects of alcohol, metallic taste
30
Q

What is Amoxycillin?

A
  • Broad spectrum antibiotics with good oral absorption and acts by interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis.
  • Predisposes to candidiasis
31
Q

What is Tetracycline?

Who can it not be given to?

A
  • Broad spectrum antibiotic carrying a significant risk of exacerbating renal failure
  • It should not be given to patients with a history or renal disease of to children under 12, pregnant or breast feeding mothers as the drug is also retained in mineralized tissue
32
Q

Name some topical antifungals (3)

A
  • Nystatin
  • Amphotericin
  • Miconazole
33
Q

Name some systemic antifungals (2)

A
  • Ketoconazole

- Fluconazole

34
Q

When is topical antivirals used

A

For treatment of recurrent herpes labialis

35
Q

When are systemic antivirals such as aciclovir used?

A

Aciclovir is used especially for health care workers treating immunocompromised patients and in those who present within 48 hours of herpes infection.

36
Q

Predisposing factors such as old age and infancy can lead to what oral infection? (2)

A
  • Candidiasis

- Root caries

37
Q

Predisposing factors such as pregnancy can lead to what oral infection?

A

Gingivitis

38
Q

The predisposing factor of malnutrition has what affect on the host defence mechanism?

What oral infection may it lead to?

A
  • Iron and folate deficiencies

- Candidiasis

39
Q

The predisposing factor of AIDS has what affect on the host defence mechanism?

What oral infection may it lead to?

A
  • Reduction in host immune defences

- Candidiasis

40
Q

The predisposing factor of endocrine disorders can lead to what oral infection?

A

Fungal infections

41
Q

The predisposing factor of antibiotic therapy has what affect on the host defence mechanism?

What oral infection may it lead to?

A
  • Loss of colonisation resistance

- Candidiasis

42
Q

The predisposing factor of chemotherapy has what affect on the host defence mechanism?

What oral infection may it lead to? (2)

A
  • Xerostomia
  • Candidiasis
  • Caries
43
Q

The predisposing factor of oral malignancies has what affect on the host defence mechanism?

What oral infection may it lead to? (2)

A
  • Xerostomia
  • Candidiasis
  • Caries

BDS 2: FHHD (34 decks)

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