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BDS 2: FHHD > M6: STDs and UTIs > Flashcards

M6: STDs and UTIs Flashcards

1
Q

What organism causes syphilis?

A

Treponema pallidum

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2
Q

What organism causes gonorrhoea?

Is this organism aerobic or anaerobic?

Catalase positive?

Oxidase positive?

A
  • Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  • Aerobic
  • Positive
  • Positive
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3
Q

What organism causes Granuloma Inguinale?

A

Donocvania granulomatis

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4
Q

What organism causes Chancroid?

A

Haemophilius ducreyi

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5
Q

What organism causes Vaginitis?

A

Gardenerella vaginalis

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6
Q

What organisms can cause Non-specific urethritis (NSU)? (2)

A
  • Chlamydia trachomatis

- Mycoplasma urealyticum

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7
Q

What organisms cause genital herpes?

A

Herpes simplex (type II & I)

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8
Q

What organisms cause genital warts?

A

Papilloma

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9
Q

What organisms cause Hepatitis?

A

Hepatitis B

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10
Q

What organisms cause AIDS?

A

HIV

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11
Q

What organism causes Vaginal Thrush and Balanitis?

A

Candida albicans

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12
Q

What organism causes Trichomonas vaginitis and urethritis?

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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13
Q

What organisms causes Genital scabies? (2)

A
  • Sarcoptes scabei

- Phthirus pubis

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14
Q

Which groups are most at risk of STDs? (3)

A
  • Young heterosexuals
  • Male homosexuals
  • Minor ethnic groups
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15
Q

Name some underlying causes of STDs in the UK (4)

A
  • More tolerance towards sexual diversity and behaviour
  • Inconsistency of use of condoms
  • High levels of asymptomatic infections
  • Poor acmes to GUM clinics
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16
Q

What is Gonorrhoea?

A

Purulent infection of the mucous membrane of urethra and cervix

17
Q

What are some of the clinical presentations of gonorrhoea? (2)

A
  • Purulent discharge

- Dysuria

18
Q

What complications can arise from gonorrhoea? (4)

A
  • Epididymitis
  • Inflammation of fallopian tube
  • Purulent conjunctivitis in newborn
  • Disseminated gonorrhoea
19
Q

What can be given to treat gonorrhoea? (3)

A
  • Penicillin
  • Tetracycline
  • Ceftriaxone
20
Q

How does T.palladium enter the body?

A

Enters by penetration of intact mucosa or through abraded skin

21
Q

What is primary syphilis?

A
  • Bacteria multiply at entry site
  • Chancre appears at 3 weeks
  • Heals after 6 weeks
22
Q

What is secondary syphilis?

A
  • Manifestation of a rash on trunk and extremities
  • Snail track ulcer on inside cheek
  • Occurs 2-12 weeks after chancre heal
23
Q

What is tertiary syphilis?

A
  • Slow, progressive destructive inflammatory disease that can affect any organ
  • 3-30 years later
24
Q

What is congenital syphilis?

A
  • In-utero transmission of T.pallidum to baby after first 3 months of pregnancy
  • Possible death of foetus
  • Facial and tooth deformities arising a few years later
25
Q

What is a non specific test for syphilis?

A

Cardiolipin antibody test

26
Q

What is a specific test for syphilis?

A

Treponemal antigens test

27
Q

What can be given to treat syphilis? (3)

A
  • Penicillin
  • Tetracycline
  • Erythromycin
28
Q

What are elementary body chlamydia?

A

These live outside body of host and initiate infection.

29
Q

What are reticulate body chlamydia?

A
  • For intracellular multiplication

- New EB’s produced to invade adjacent cells

30
Q

How do you treat chlamydia?

A

Prescribe tetracycline

31
Q

UTIs are most common in which group?

A

Women

32
Q

What are some predisposing factors of UTIs? (7)

A
  • Disruption of urine flow
  • Shorter urethra (females compared to men)
  • Higher when sexually active
  • Being a male infant
  • Incomplete bladder emptying
  • Reflux of urine
  • Diabetes
33
Q

Which bacteria is heavily linked to UTIs?

A

E.coli

34
Q

How do serotypes of E.coli adhere to the urethral and bladder epithelium?

A

They have particular types of pili that help in adherence

35
Q

What do capsular polysaccharides (K antigens) have the ability to do? (2)

A
  • Cause Pyelonephritis

- Resist host phagocytosis

36
Q

What is Pyelonephritis?

A

Inflammation of kidney due to bacteria

37
Q

How does the faecal bacteria Proteus mirabilis cause Pyelonephritis?

A

Causes urease production which causes pyelonephritis

38
Q

What features of urine help dispose of bacteria in the urethra? (3)

A
  • pH
  • Chemical composition
  • Flushing action
39
Q

What are some clinical features of Lower urinary tract infections? (3)

A
  • Dysuria
  • Cloudy urine (pus and bacteria)
  • Chronic inflammatory changes in bladder, prostate and periurethral glands

BDS 2: FHHD (34 decks)

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