IM3: Understanding Inflammation Flashcards
What are the 4 cardinal features of inflammation?
- Heat
- Redness
- Swelling
- Pain
What causes the cardinal feature of heat in inflammation?
Increased blood flow and release of inflammatory mediators
What causes the cardinal feature of redness in inflammation?
Increased vascularity of the region
What causes the cardinal feature of swelling in inflammation?
Exudation of fluid, proteins and cells into the area of tissue damage
What causes the cardinal feature of pain in inflammation?
Caused by activation of pain receptors by inflammatory mediators in inflammatory exudate
How may inflammation be triggered? (5)
Give an example of each of these triggers
- Physical agents (heat)
- Foreign bodies (splinter)
- Chemicals (acid)
- Infections (bacteria)
- Immune mediated (immune complexes)
What are the main functions of inflammation? (3)
- Destroy and remove pathogens or injuring foreign bodies
- Limiting and confining the effects of pathogens and their products
- Repairing and replacing damaged tissue
What is acute inflammation?
What is it characterised by?
- Occurs early and consists of transient episodes (days, weeks)
- Characterised by neutrophil infiltration
What is chronic inflammation?
What is it characterised by?
- Long lasting inflammation (months or years)
- Characterised by lymphocytes and macrophages
What are PAMPs?
Pathogen-associated
molecular patterns
What are PRRs?
Pattern-recognition receptors
Explain the relationship between PAMPs and PRRs during inflammation
PAMPs are found on the surface of the microbe. These PAMPs are then recognised by PRRs.
A inflammatory response is then triggered by this
What are the 3 types of granules that are expressed by platelets?
- Αlpha
- Dense
- Lysosomal
Which platelet granule reaches;
- Chemokines
- Coagulation factors
- Growth factors
- Fibrinogen
- Fibronectin
Alpha granule
Which platelet granule reaches;
- Ca2+
- Mg2+
- Nucleotides
- Serotonin
- Histamine
Dense granule
