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BDS 2: FHHD > M7: Bacteria affecting the GI Tract > Flashcards

M7: Bacteria affecting the GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

The Duodenum, Jejunum and Ileum all belong to what part of the GI tract?

A

Small intestine

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2
Q

The following belong to what part of the GI tract?

Transverse colon 
Ascending colon 
Descending colon 
Sigmoid colon
Caecum 
Rectum
A

Large intestine

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3
Q

What is the function of normal gut flora? (5)

A
  • Strengthen the gut integrity
  • Shape the intestinal epithelium
  • Harvest energy
  • Protect against pathogens
  • Regulate host immunity
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4
Q

What is a dysbiotic gut microbiota?

A

One which fails to provide the host with all the usual beneficial properties

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5
Q

Name a bacterium that can survive in the stomach

A

H. pylori

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6
Q

What bacteria can be found in the jejunum? (2)

A
  • Enterococci

- Lactobacilli

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7
Q

What bacteria can be found in the ileum? (2)

A
  • Enterobacteriaceae

- Bacteroides fragilis

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8
Q

What are the socio economic factors for diarrhoeal diseases? (3)

A
  • Clear water
  • Sewage disposal
  • Food quality
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9
Q

What are the 2 main mechanisms for Diarrhoeal diseases?

A
  • Invasive

- Exotoxin

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10
Q

What occurs during an invasive diarrhoeal disease?

Give an example of one

A
  • Bacteria invades tissue of intestine resulting in necrosis
  • Salmonella enteritis causes creamy abdomen, pus and blood in stool
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11
Q

What occurs during an exotoxin diarrhoeal disease?

A

Secretion into food

food poisoning

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12
Q

What are some features of Escherichia? (3)

A
  • Gram negative rod
  • Lactose positive
  • Most common species is E. coli
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13
Q

Escherichia contain Fimbriae what are these?

A
  • Fibres on cell surface thought to be important in
    adhesion to host cells
  • Genes for these on chromosome
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14
Q

What diseases are caused by E. coli strains? (4)

A
  • GI infections
  • UTI
  • Septic infections
  • Neonatal meningitis
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15
Q

What is the Enteropathogenic E coli (EPEC) pathotype of E. coli? (3)

A
  • Non-invasive
  • Causes acute enteritis of infants
  • Adheres to epithelium resulting in cytoskeletal rearrangement
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16
Q

What is the Enterotoxigenic E coli (ETEC) pathotype of E. coli? (3)

A
  • Toxin mediated which causes adenylate cyclase ribosylation and cAMP accumulation leading to fluid secretion
  • Signs like cramps, loose stools and acute enteritis
  • Linked with travellers diarrhoea
17
Q

What is the Entero-invasive E coli (EIEC) pathotype of E. coli? (3)

A
  • Causes dysentery like-disease
  • ## Invades epithelial cells of large intestine and multiplies there
18
Q

What is the Vero cytotoxigenic E coli pathotype of E. coli? (3)

A
  • Produces toxins (VT1 and VT2)

- Can lead to renal failure and blood diarrhoea

19
Q

What is the basic virulence mechanism for EPEC? (3)

A
  • Adherence to epithelium
  • Cytoskeletal rearrangement
  • Ca2+ and electrolyte
    loss
20
Q

What is the basic virulence mechanism for ETEC? (2)

A
  • Toxin which causes adenylate cyclase ribosylation and cAMP accumulation.
  • Leads to fluid secretion
21
Q

What is the basic virulence mechanism for EIEC?

A

Epithelial cell invasion

22
Q

What is the basic virulence mechanism for VTEC?

A

Verotoxin release

23
Q

Give some features about Salmonella (3)

A
  • Gram negative bacilli
  • Inhabit animal intestine
  • Non-lactose fermenter
24
Q

Give some examples of salmonella species that cause humans harm (3)

A
  • S.typhi
  • S.paratyphi
  • S.typhimurium
25
Q

What is the pathogenesis of salmonella?

A

Bacteria attach to epithelium of ileal mucosa and invade and multiply in tissues

26
Q

What are some symptoms of salmonella infection? (6)

A
  • Cramps
  • Diarrhoea
  • Fever
  • Vomiting
  • Dehydration
  • Renal failure
27
Q

Give some features of Shigella (2)

A
  • Gram negative rods
  • Non-lactose fermenter
  • Causes of bacillary dysentery (frequent passage of bloody mucopurulent stools)
28
Q

Give some features of Klebsiella (3)

A
  • Gram negative rod
  • Lactose-fermenter
  • Often pronounced capsule is present
29
Q

What can cause Klebsiella infection? (3)

A
  • UTI in children
  • Wound infection
  • Infection in surgery
30
Q

Give some features of Proteus (3)

A
  • Gram negative rod
  • Lactose non-fermenter
  • Motile (swarming on plates)
31
Q

What can cause Proteus infection? (3)

A
  • UTI in children
  • Wound infection
  • Infection in surgery
32
Q

What does MacConkeys agar determine?

A

Whether a species is lactose fermenting

33
Q

How does MacConkeys agar determine if a species in lactose fermenting?

A
  • Lactose fermenting colonies are pink

- Non- lactose fermenters give yellow colonies

34
Q

What does MacConkeys agar contain? (3)

A
  • Bile salts
  • Lactose as carbon source
  • pH indicator
35
Q

Give some features of Vibrio species (5)

A
  • Gram negative rods
  • Comma shaped
  • Motile-polar flagellum
  • Produce enterotoxins
  • Causes cholera
36
Q

What are some symptoms of Vibrio cholerae? (5)

A
  • Vomiting
  • Cramps
  • Watery diarrhoea
  • Rapid dehydration
  • Death in 12-24 hours if untreated
37
Q

Give some features about Campylobacter (3)

A
  • Gram negative rods
  • Slender spiral
  • Most common cause of infective diarrhoea
38
Q

Give some features of Helicobacter pylori (4)

A
  • Gram negative rod
  • Colonises stomach in gastric mucosa
  • Causes gastritis
  • Causes peptic ulcers

BDS 2: FHHD (34 decks)

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