SP3: Heart Diseases Flashcards
What is Ischaemic heart disease (IHD)?
Spectrum of disorders resulting from an imbalance between myocardial need for oxygen and adequacy of supply
What causes 95% of IHD?
95% of IHD caused by atheroma of the coronary arteries
Plaque
Name some risk factors of IHD
- Hypertension
- Hyperlipidaemia
- Smoking
- Diabetes mellitus
- Age
- Gender
- Familial predisposition
- Obesity
- Insufficient exercise
What are some complications of IHD? (6)
- Calcification
- Rupture of plaque
- Ulceration
- Haemorrhage
- Thrombosis
- Aneurysm
What are some clinical syndromes linked with IHD?
- Sudden death
- Myocardial infarction
- Angina
- Chronic IHD
What is the cause of sudden cardiac death?
Due to artheroma with complicated plaque. Death is usually due to arrhythmias (irregular heart beat)
When do symptoms of stable angina occur?
Occurs after exercise
What could unstable angina potentially progress to?
May progress to MI or sudden death
How can central chest pain due to stable angina be relieved?
By rest or vasodilators
What are the two types of acute myocardial infarction?
- Transmural
- Subendocardial
What causes a transmural infarction?
Arterial occlusion
Where does a transmural infarction take place?
Across the whole thickness of myocardium
Where does a subendocardial infarction take place?
Confined to the inner third of the ventricle and well defined area
What causes a subendocardial infarction?
Caused by rapid lysis of occlusive thrombus
What is the site of infarct for;
Massive anterolateral MI
Left Main coronary artery
