IM2: Oral Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Give examples of some systemic diseases that can lead to oral infections (6)

A
  • Crohn’s disease
  • Ulcerative colitis
  • Food allergy
  • Sjögrens Syndrome
  • AIDS
  • Alzheimer’s disease
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2
Q

Roughly how much bacteria is found in the oral microbiome? How many different species are there?

A
  • 6 billion bacteria

- 700 different species

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3
Q

What substances may be found in the perimeter region of the oral microbiome? (4)

A
  • CO2
  • Lactate
  • Acetate
  • H202
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4
Q

What external environmental factors may interact with the perimeter region of the oral microbiome? (3)

A
  • O2
  • Saliva
  • Sugars
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5
Q

What external environmental factor may interact with the base and annulus region of the oral microbiome?

A

Crevicular fluid

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6
Q

What are the 2 mucosal defence mechanisms?

A
  • Saliva

- Crevicular fluid

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7
Q

What are the 4 physical barriers involved in oral immunity?

A
  • Mucus coating layer
  • Epithelial physical barrier
  • Saliva
  • Gingival crevicular fluid
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8
Q

What produces the mucus coating layer?

A

Salivary glands

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9
Q

What makes the mucus coating layer viscous?

A

Viscous properties due to mucin content

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10
Q

What compounds are produced by the epithelial physical barrier? (3)

A
  • Calprotectin
  • b-defensins
  • IL-18
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11
Q

What is the function of toll like receptors?

A

Recognise complex molecules produced by pathogens

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12
Q

Which toll like receptors recognise polysaccharides produced by gingivitis pathogens?

A
  • TLR 2

- TLR 4

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13
Q

What is the disadvantage of TLR activation?

A

Potenital periodontal destruction

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14
Q

List the contents of saliva that help its immunological properties (8)

A
  • IgA
  • IgM
  • Lysozyme
  • Peroxidase
  • Lactoferrin
  • Agglutinin
  • Cystatins
  • Histatins
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15
Q

What is the role of lysozyme in oral immunity?

A

Breakdown of carbohydrates in bacteria cell walls

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16
Q

What is the role of lactoferrin in oral immunity?

A

Hydrolyses RNA, anti-viral, bacterial and parasitic functions

17
Q

What is the role of peroxidase in oral immunity?

A

Peroxidation of organic compounds

18
Q

What is the role of cystatins in oral immunity?

A

Serine protease inhibitors with antibacterial activities

19
Q

What is the role of histatins in oral immunity?

A

Alter ion balance in mitochondria

20
Q

Explain the events when the epithelial barrier of the oral mucosa is compromised

A
  • Mast cells recognise bacteria
  • Mast cells send signals to increase vascular permeability of blood vessels
  • This causes neutrophils to migrate to and kill the bacteria
21
Q

Which region of the antibody contains the antigen binding site?

A

Fab region

22
Q

Which region of the antibody contains the hinge?

A

Fc region