CP1: Acute Inflammation Flashcards
Name some macroscopic changes during inflammation (4)
- Redness
- Swelling
- Heat
- Pain
Name some microscopic changes during inflammation (6)
- Initial constriction then dilatation of vessels
- Increased blood flow
- Increased permeability
- Formation of exudate
- Migration of leucocytes through wall
- Oedema
What are the advantages of the blood vessels increasing permeability after inflammation? (4)
- Enhances migration of cells
- Dilution of toxins
- Stimulates immune response
- Deposition of proteins eg fibrin to form mechanical barrier
Explain what happens to the white cells during inflammation (3)
- Movement of white cells from blood flow to focus on injury
- Chemotaxis
- Phagocytosis
During inflammation what is the first cell to turn up?
Neutrophil polymorphs
What is chemotaxis?
Movement of organism from a chemical stimulus
What are the 3 Stages of phagocytosis?
- Recognition and attachment
- Engulfment
- Killing and degradation
Where are mediators found? (3)
- Circulating in plasma
- Intracellular
- Released from damaged tissue
What are the 2 types of intracellular mediators?
- Preformed
- Synthesised
What are the clinical features of acute inflammation (6)
- Fever
- Drowsiness
- Lethargy
- Leukocytosis
- Decreased appetite
- Acute phase proteins in blood
Define acute inflammation
The response of living tissue to injury
Explain the process of white blood cell;
– Margination
– Pavementing
– Transmigration
- WBCs build up around injury
- These then line up next to site of injury (hole)
- Then transmigrate through the hole to neutralise injury
Which cell is most prevalent in response to an allergy?
Eosinophils
Name some stimuli for chemotaxis
- Bacteria
- Fungi
- Immune complexes
- Toxins
- Complement components
- Lipoxygenase products
- White cell breakdown products
During the recognition an attachment stage of phagocytosis, what is opsonisation?
We produce opsinonomes, which coat the microbes to help with further recognition
What is the best outcome of acute inflammation?
Resolution
Back to normal
Explain the repair outcome of acute inflammation
Some tissue lost may not be able to regenerate therefore replacement with granulation tissue and fibrosis
Acute inflammation could potentially result in chronic inflammation what does this mean?
Injury was not dealt with so will have repeated episodes of inflammation
What is suppurative inflammation?
When injury still isn’t resolved, inflammation carries on repeatedly and pus is formed
What is pus?
What is it made of? (4)
Pus is more exaggerated form of acute inflammation
Neutrophils, dead cells, bacteria and debris
What is septicaemia?
- Organism gains access to lymphatics then blood or blood direct
- Results in high mortality
