CP1: Acute Inflammation Flashcards
Name some macroscopic changes during inflammation (4)
- Redness
- Swelling
- Heat
- Pain
Name some microscopic changes during inflammation (6)
- Initial constriction then dilatation of vessels
- Increased blood flow
- Increased permeability
- Formation of exudate
- Migration of leucocytes through wall
- Oedema
What are the advantages of the blood vessels increasing permeability after inflammation? (4)
- Enhances migration of cells
- Dilution of toxins
- Stimulates immune response
- Deposition of proteins eg fibrin to form mechanical barrier
Explain what happens to the white cells during inflammation (3)
- Movement of white cells from blood flow to focus on injury
- Chemotaxis
- Phagocytosis
During inflammation what is the first cell to turn up?
Neutrophil polymorphs
What is chemotaxis?
Movement of organism from a chemical stimulus
What are the 3 Stages of phagocytosis?
- Recognition and attachment
- Engulfment
- Killing and degradation
Where are mediators found? (3)
- Circulating in plasma
- Intracellular
- Released from damaged tissue
What are the 2 types of intracellular mediators?
- Preformed
- Synthesised
What are the clinical features of acute inflammation (6)
- Fever
- Drowsiness
- Lethargy
- Leukocytosis
- Decreased appetite
- Acute phase proteins in blood
Define acute inflammation
The response of living tissue to injury
Explain the process of white blood cell;
– Margination
– Pavementing
– Transmigration
- WBCs build up around injury
- These then line up next to site of injury (hole)
- Then transmigrate through the hole to neutralise injury
Which cell is most prevalent in response to an allergy?
Eosinophils
Name some stimuli for chemotaxis
- Bacteria
- Fungi
- Immune complexes
- Toxins
- Complement components
- Lipoxygenase products
- White cell breakdown products
During the recognition an attachment stage of phagocytosis, what is opsonisation?
We produce opsinonomes, which coat the microbes to help with further recognition
