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2019 MS Alexis Iaconis > Southern Spain > Flashcards

Southern Spain Flashcards

1
Q

In which autonomia would you find the Condado du Huelva DO?

A

This is in Andalucia. Known for their generosity style wines like their neighbors in Jerez

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2
Q

What are all the DOs in Andalucia? There are 6

A 
Malaga
Sierras de Malaga
Montilla-Moriles 
Condado du Huelva
Jerez
Manzanilla Sanlucar
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3
Q

When did winemaking first occur in Andalucia?

A

Can be traced back to the 8th century BC, the moors and Phoenicians were both very important here.

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4
Q

What are the top 3 planted grapes in area in Spain?

A

Tempranillo- 20%
Bobal- 7%
Airen and Viura for whites

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5
Q

Which is the easternmost of the Canary Islands?

A

Lanzarote

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6
Q

What are some of the grape varietals used on the Canary Islands?

A

Whites: Albillo, Bermejuela, Forastera Blanca, Gaul, Malvasia Blanca, Moscatel, Verdelho
Reds: Castellana Negra, Listan Negra, Malvasia Rosada, Negramoll

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7
Q

Which 5 DOs of the Canary Islands are individual islands?

A 
Lanzarote
La Palma
La Gomera
Gran Canaria
El Hierro
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8
Q

Tenerife in the Canary Islands has 5 DOs which are…..

A 
Agora
Tacoronte
Valle de Guimar
Valle de la Orotava
Ycoden-Daute-Isora
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9
Q

What are the names of the two rivers that flow through the province of Cadiz?

A

This province is flanked by the Guadalete River and the Guadalquivir Rivers.

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10
Q

Which region is warmer Sanlucar or Jerez?

A

Jerez de la Frontera can be 20 degrees higher than in Sanlucar because of coastal breezes.

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11
Q

Where in Jerez would you find the most albariza soils? Which grape or wine style is most common here?

A

Jerez Superior is a subregion which is concentrated with Albariza soils. 80% of the vineyards of Jerez are located here. Vines are planted north to south, going up the slight hillside. Palomino is grown here primarily for Fino Sherry production.

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12
Q

Where would you find sandy arenas soils in Jerez?

A

Near the coastline

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13
Q

Where would you find the clay Barros soils in Jerez?

A

Most clay soils are in the valleys of the region.

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14
Q

What are the main rivers that run through Spain?

A

The Ebro River flows east

The Miño, Duero, Tajo, Guadiana Rivers all flow west to Portugal.

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15
Q

What is a “Pisadore?”

A

This was the traditional harvest worker in Jerez who would press the grapes while wearing “Zapatos de Pisar.”

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16
Q

What is the max yield from pressing 100kg of grapes in Jerez?

A

For every 100kg of grapes the maximum press yield is 72.5 liters of juice.

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17
Q

What are the three stages of press juice in sherry production?

A

Primera yema
Segunda Yema
Most Prensa (mostly used for distillate)

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18
Q

Why are albariza soils superior to the other types in Jerez?

A

They are water retentive and save the autumn and winter rains.

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19
Q

How is Sherry fermented? How was it fermented in the past?

A

Historically Sherry was fermented in new American oak butts, but now all is fermented in stainless steel. There are two stages to fermentation- first hot and vigorous, and then the “lenta” or slow fermentation.

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20
Q

What changed in 2010 in regards to the aging of Sherry?

A

The aging requirement was decreased from 3 years in Solera to 2 before bottling.

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21
Q

What is “trasiegos?”

A

This is the movement of wine from criadera to criadera.

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22
Q

What does the word “Oloroso” mean?

A

Fragrant

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23
Q

What are the classifications for generoso wines in Sanlucar?

A

Manzanilla Fino
Manzanilla Pasada
Manzanilla Oloroso

Wines are generally entered into and moved through the Solera faster than in Jerez.

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24
Q

What is the “Cabeco” process?

A

This is the sweetening and blending of sherry before sale.

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25
Q

What are some of the sweetening agents for Sherry?

A

Dulce Pasa
Dulce de Almibar- inverted sugar and fino
Mistela (sunned grapes)

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26
Q

Where would you find the vineyards Macharnudo, Anina, and Carrascal?

A

They are important Pagos in Jerez

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27
Q

What is Sancocho?

A

Reduced vino de color by 1/3. Used as a coloring agent for sherry. If it’s reduced by 1/5 it is called Arrope.

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28
Q

Name some sherry styles that are produced by generoso liqueur blending

A

Pale Cream
Cream
Dry
Medium

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29
Q

How long must VORS sherry age in Solera? How much can be removed compared with what’s remaining?

A

Must be an average of 30 years old. 1 liter removed for every 30 remaining. VOS sherry is aged for 20 years.

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30
Q

Who introduced distillation to the Jerez area?

A

The Moors introduced distillation to Jerez area in 711ad

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31
Q

When did phylloxera enter Jerez?

A

1894

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32
Q

Where did the name Sherry come from?

A

Jerez is the Spanish, Xeres is the Arabic, “Sherrish” is how it is pronounced which is where the name came from.

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33
Q

What is “Aserpia” or “Alumbra?”

A

This is the building up of ridges between rows in Jerez to catch the rainwater during the fall and winter, preventing run off down the hill.

34
Q

What is a “Bota Punta?”

A

This is a barrel on the end of the row of a Solera. The bota punta usuall gets more mites and dust and they get into the wine. This barrel always tastes different and is usually kept separate. It sometimes isn’t topped off as frequently or mixed with the others. Equipo Navazos has made several Bota Punta bottlings.

35
Q

What style of wine Alicante DO known for?

A

This is one of three DOs in Valencia. It is famous for Fondillon, and oxidative dessert wine from Monastrell which is aged for 10 years.

36
Q

What is the main grape of Utiel-Requena DO?

A

This is a DO in Valencia in southern Spain and the main grape is Bobal. Red wines are made using the Doble Pasta method, fermented with twice the amount of grape skins and pulp.

37
Q

Valencia DO is most known for what wines?

A

White wines from the Merseguera grape.

38
Q

What are the main grapes of Jumilla?

A

This DO is in the Murcia autonomia. This region resisted phylloxera until the 1980s. Monastrell for reds and rosados along with Garnacha and petite Verdot for blending.

39
Q

What are the three DOs in the Murcia autonomia?

A

Jumilla
Yecla
Bullas

40
Q

What is the main grape of both the Yecla and Bullas DOs?

A

Monastrell. Both regions can also produce Blanco, Espumoso and Vino de Licoroso wines.

41
Q

Where is Ribera del Guadiana DO?

A

This is the sole DO of Extramadura.

42
Q

Where are the DOs of Mondéjar, Ucles and Valdepeñas located?

A

They are in La Mancha

43
Q

Where is the merseguera grape prominent?

A

Valencia

44
Q

What importance does vine density play in the vineyards of Toro?

A

Wide planting due to the lack of water

45
Q

What early ripening white grape is blended into the red wine for freshness in Ribera del Duero?

A

Albillo

46
Q

Why are sherry casks painted black?

A

Because of the length of time that barrels are used, the resistant paint is added for durability and the black color makes a leak easier to spot. Some sherry barrels are almost 100 years old and are repaired as they fall apart.

47
Q

What does the term “gordura” mean?

A

During the sobretablas period of sherry aging, barrels that are marked “gordura” will be directed into oxidative aging and develop into Palo Cortado or Amontillado styles.

48
Q

What is an arroba?

A

An old unit of measurement in Jerez- equivalent to 16.66 liters.

49
Q

What are the three towns where Sherry may be matured and shipped from?

A

Jerez de la Frontera, El Puerto de Santa Maria, Sanlucar de Barrameda

50
Q

Name the three most famous pagos in Jerez

A

Macharnudo, Añina and Carrascal

51
Q

What is the name of the Bay in the Jerez region?

A

Bay of Cadiz

52
Q

What is the term for sweetening sherry with a mixture of invert sugar and fino v. Mistela or Dulce Pasa?

A

Dulce de Almibar

53
Q

What are the DO zones of Andalucia?

A

Malaga, Sierras de Malaga, Montilla-Moriles and Sanlucar-de-Barrameda, Condado de Huelva

54
Q

Which grape is used for Brandy de Jerez?

A

Airen

55
Q

Who introduced the vine to Malaga and when?

A

The Greeks in 600BC

56
Q

How is Sierras de Malaga DO different from Malaga?

A

Shares the same boundaries but is for dry wines less than 12g/l. Red, white and rose wines v. the sweet Moscatel wines of Malaga. Sierras de Malaga producers also have age classifications available to use for their wines Which are the same as general Spanish age requirements:
– Crianza: Requires a minimum aging of two years, with 6 months in oak barrels
– Reserva: Requires a minimum aging of three years, with 12 months in oak barrels
– Gran Reserva: Requires a minimum aging of five years, with 24 months in oak barrels
– Gran Reserva de Blancos y Rosados (for white and rosé wines): Requires a minimum aging of five years, with 6 months in oak barrels.

57
Q

What is the soil type in Montilla-Moriles?

A

This is one of the DOs in Andalucia. It is 100 miles northeast from Jerez. The same blinding-white Albariza is present throughout the region, and is just as valued here as in Jerez for its high albedo (the amount of sunlight it reflects back up to the vines). Its excellent moisture retention is also a significant boon – this area is hotter than almost anywhere on the entire Iberian Peninsula. Albariza is a white marl composed of clay, calcium and marine fossils, which bears many similarities to the famous Kimmeridgian soils of Chablis. It might seem remarkable that fossilized seashells should be found this far inland, but more impressive is that some fossils found here date back to the Ordovician Period, some 450 million years ago; research conducted on these fossils suggests that this area lay next to the Alps at that time.

The climate is also not dissimilar from that in Jerez, with roughly 600mm of annual rainfall and summer and between 2800 and 3000 hours of effective sunshine annually. Average summer daytime temperatures are around 30°C, but have been known to rise well above 40°C when the hot levante wind blows in from the east. Both Jerez and Montilla are measurably hotter than Sanlucar de Barrameda and Puerto de Santa Maria, which enjoy the cooling influences of the Atlantic Ocean.

58
Q

What is the wine style of Montilla-Moriles?

A

The Montilla-Moriles region is known for its rich dessert wines, which are categorized via the same classification system as that used for Sherry in Jerez. The wines produced in Montilla-Moriles, however, are generally not fortified (with some exceptions, such as Oloroso), as the Pedro Ximenez grapes achieve extraordinary ripeness in this hot and dry climate – a mix of Mediterranean and semi-continental.

The wines ferment to between 14 and 16% alcohol, leaving behind plenty of residual sugar. They are then matured using the solera system. Apart from these styles, Montilla-Moriles also produces dessert wines from extremely ripe Moscatel grapes, and brandies from Airen. Torrontes and Baladi

59
Q

Describe the DO of Condado de Huelva

A

Vineyards in Condado de Huelva sit just 25m above sea level on distinctive reddish-tinged sandy soils. The subsoil consists of alluvial, sand and limestone deposits. The region’s proximity to the Mediterranean Sea dictates the climate, and winds from the Atlantic moderate the summer heat. Temperatures range from 90°F to 46°F (32C to 8C), so frosts are certainly not an issue here. Most vineyards are lined with trees to protect them from the strong winds that can blow through.

Until 2009, just three styles of wine were made here, one unfortified, two fortified:

Since 2009, red wines made from Syrah, Tempranillo, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc may now be produced in the DO’s wines.

60
Q

What are the main white and red grapes of Condado de Huelva DO?

A

Whites: Zalema, Palomino Fino, Listan, PX, Moscatel
Tinto: Syrah, Tempranillo, Cab, Franc, Merlot

61
Q

What are the grapes that are used in Malaga?

A

PX, Moscatel de Alejandria, Moscatel de Grano Menudo

62
Q

Where is Domino de Valdepusa and what is it all about?

A

In Castilla-La-Mancha. First DO Pago in 200s. The estate boasts a long history and has been owned by Carlos Falco’s family (of Marqués de Griñón, Rioja, fame) since 1292. Continuing their pioneering approach, the family planted the remote Dominio de Valdepusa estate in 1974. They put 14 hectares (34.5 acres) to Cabernet Sauvignon, and this was the first vineyard in the world to implement drip irrigation.

In 1991 and 1992, under the guidance of influential Bordeaux-based oenologist Michel Rolland, Petit Verdot and Syrah was added to the estate, the first plantings of these varieties in Spain. Graciano and Merlot were later added to the plantings, increasing the total area under vine to 52ha (128 acres). All wines under the Dominio de Valdepusa VP label must be made from grapes grown, vinified and aged within these boundaries.

63
Q

Where is Finca Elez and what is unique about the vineyard?

A

Castilla-la-Mancha. Winemaking in Castilla-La Mancha dates back to at least Roman times, but Finca Elez was the first estate to be estalished so high in the picturesque Sierra de Alcaraz mountain range. The vineyard sits at an altitude of 1080m (3540ft) above sea level, making it one of the highest in Spain. The elevated location is a defining characteristic of the estate’s wines.The soils of Finca Elez are loose, consisting mostly of sandy clay. Limestone components (which help with water retention) as well as denser ochre and marl pieces also make up the soil.

64
Q

Where is Prado Irache?

A

The operation now known as Prado Irache was founded in 1891 in Navarra. The winery retains its famed wine fountain, initially installed for the Catholic faithful to help themselves to a free glass while en route to St. James’ shrine, and still offers a drink to modern-day pilgrims.

The Pago vineyard has a mesoclimate which is heavily influenced by its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean, approximately 90km (56 miles) away. Vines work hard to produce their grapes as they compete for water and nutrients. This keeps yields down but quality up. The area is also marked by significant temperature variations between day and night, another key contributor to grape quality.

65
Q

What are the DO regions of Murcia?

A

Yecla, Bullas and Jumilla

66
Q

Where would you find the DO regions of Yecla, Bullas and Jumilla?

A

In the Murcia DO in Southern Spain. Directly south of Valencia.

67
Q

Where would you find the Segura River?

A

In the Murcia DO in southern spain. It provides water to the inland areas.

68
Q

What is the most planted grape of Murcia?

A

Montastrell

69
Q

Which mountain range connects Murcia and Andalucia?

A

The Sierra Nevada.

70
Q

Describe the terroir of Bullas

A

This is a DO in Murcia. It is high elevation, 500-800 meters. Climate is Mediterranean marginalized by the hot Iberian Plain. 60% of vines are Monastrell. This is the southern most DO in the Levante.

71
Q

Climate and soil type of Jumilla?

A

Jumilla’s climate is best described as arid and continental, more in line with the Castilla-La Mancha areas to its west than any significant influences of the Mediterranean. although in the eastern fringes it is more transitional. Summer temperatures of 40°C (104°F) are not uncommon here. This, along with the scant rainfall, makes the region a theoretically harsh grapegrowing area.

There are two main factors that act as saving graces. Firstly, there is a healthy amount of lime in the soil, which helps in retaining vital moisture, and secondly, the elevated central plateau. Elevations range between 400 and 800 meters (1300ft - 2600ft), providing some respite from the intense heat. Nevertheless, frosts, violent storms and torrential rains still pose real threats to vines.

72
Q

When did phylloxera hit Jumilla?

A

1989

73
Q

Wine styles permitted in Jumilla?

A

Blanco, Rosado, Tinto, Dulce (all colors), Vino de Licor 100% Monastrell.

74
Q

Main white grapes for Jumilla?

A

Airen, Macabeo, Malvasia, PX, Chard, SB, Moscatel de Grano Menudo

75
Q

Climate and elevation of Yecla

A

The climate here, 50 miles (80km) inland, marks the transition between coastal Mediterranean influences and the harsh continental climate of Spain’s hot, arid interior. Rainfall is low, with less than 12in (300mm) falling annually. Thankfully, the limestone soils here are efficient at storing whatever rainfall the region is fortunate enough to receive. Altitude also serves to moderate temperatures here; the zone sits at the eastern edge of the Cordillera Subbética mountain range. Most Yecla vineyards sit between 1312ft (400 m) and 2625ft (800 m) above sea-level

76
Q

Most common grape in Yecla DO

A

Monastrell

77
Q

What are the two most common grapes of Valencia?

A

Macabeo and Merseguera

78
Q

Where would you find the Turia River?

A

In Valencia

79
Q

What is the elevation range of Valencia?

A

Some vineyards are at 150 meters in the Turia Valley, but the Alto Turia gets up to between 700-1,000 meters.

80
Q

Where in Jerez is most of the Moscotel grown? On which soil type?

A

Near Chipiona in arenas soils.

81
Q

If a sherry wine barrel has a slash or “Palo” on the barrel, what will it be fortified to?

A

15-15.5%. Wines marked with the circle or “gordura” will be fortified from 17-18%

82
Q

What does the term “merma” refer to in Sherry production?

A

Literally translates to “decrease.” It is the Angel’s share in Sherry production. 3-5% loss per year.

2019 MS Alexis Iaconis (48 decks)

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