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South Africa Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Geographical Units in South Africa?

A
  1. Western Cape
  2. Northern Cape
  3. Eastern Cape
  4. Kwazulu-Natal
  5. Free State
  6. Limpopo
  7. North West
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2
Q

What are the regions in Western Cape?

A
  1. Breede River Valley
  2. Cape South Coast
  3. Coastal Region
  4. Klein Karoo
  5. Olifants River
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3
Q

Districts and Wards of Breede Valley Region?

A
  1. Breedekloof
    Goudini
    Slanghoek
  2. Robertson
    Agterkliphoogte
    Ashton
    Boesmansrivier
    Bonnievale
    Eilandia
    Goedemoed
    Goree
    Goudmyn
    Hoopsrivier
    Klaasvoogds
    Le Chasseur
    McGregor
    Vinkrivier
    Zandrivier
  3. Worcester
    Hex River Valley
    Keeromsberg
    Nuy
    Rooikrans
    Scherpenheuvel
    Stettyn
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4
Q

Districts and Wards of Cape South Coast Region?

A
  1. Cape Agulhas
    •Elim
  2. Elgin
  3. Lower Duivenhoks River
  4. Overberg
    •Elandskloof
    •Greyton
    •Klein River
    •Theewater
  5. Plettenberg Bay
  6. Swellendam
    •Buffeljags
    •Malgas
    •Stormsvlei
  7. Walker Bay
    •Bot River
    •Hemmel-en-Aarde Ridge
    •Hemmel-en-Aarde Valley
    •Sunday’s Glen
    •Springfontein Rim
    •Stanford Foothills
    •Upper Hemmel-en-Aarde Valley

Single Wards without District
•Herbertsdale
•Napier
•Stilbaai East

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5
Q

Districts and Wards of Coastal Region?

A
  1. Cape Town
    •Constantia
    •Durbanville
    •Hout Bay
    •Philadelphia
  2. Darling
    •Groenekloof
  3. Franschhoek/Franschhoek Valley
  4. Lutzville Valley
    •Koekenaap
  5. Paarl
    •Agter-Paarl
    •Simonsberg-Paarl
    •Voor-Paardeberg
  6. Stellenbosch
    •Banghoek
    •Bottelary
    •Devon Valley
    •Jonkershoek Valley
    •Papegaaiberg
    •Polkadraai Hills
    •Simonsberg-Stellenbosch
    •Vlottenburg
  7. Swartland
    •Malmesbury
    •Paardeberg
    •Paardeberg South
    •Piket-Bo-Berg
    •Porseleinberg
    •Riebeekberg
    •Riebeeksrivier
    •St Helena Bay
  8. Tulbagh
  9. Wellington
    •Blouvlei
    •Bovlei
    •Groenberg
    •Limietberg
    •Mid-Berg River
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6
Q

Districts and Wards of Klein Karoo Region?

A
  1. Calitzdorp
    *Groenfontein
  2. Langberg-Garcia

Wards without District
*Cango Valley
*Koo Plateau
*Montagu
*Outeniqua
*Tradouw
*Tradouw Highlands
*Upper Langkloof

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7
Q

Districts and Wards in Olifants River Region?

A
  1. Citrusdal Mountain
    •Piekenierskloof
  2. Citrusdal Valley

Wards without District
•Spruitdrift
•Vredendal

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8
Q

Which districts have no region nor sub-region in Western Cape Geographical Unit? What are their wards?

A
  1. Ceres Plateau
    •Ceres
  2. Prince Albert
    •Kweekvallei
    •Prince Albert Valley
    •Swartberg
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9
Q

Regions, Districts and Wards in Northern Cape Geographical Unit?

A

Karoo-Hoogland

  1. Douglas
  2. Sutherland-Karoo
  3. Central Orange River
    •Groblershoop
    •Grootdrink
    •Kakamas
    •Keimoes
    •Upington

Wards without District
•Hartswater
•Prieska

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10
Q

Regions, Districts and Wards of Eastern Cape Geographical Unit?

A

No Regions

No Districts

Wards
•St Francis Bay

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11
Q

Regions, Districts and Wards of Kwazulu-Natal Geographical Unit?

A

No Regions

  1. Central Drakensberg
  2. Lions River

No Wards

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12
Q

Regions, Districts and Wards in Limpopo Geographical Unit?

A

No Regions

No Districts

No Wards

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13
Q

Regions, Districts and Wards in Free State Geographical Unit?

A

No Regions

No Districts

1 Ward
• Rietrivier FS

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14
Q

Who and when planted the first vines in South Africa?

A

The first governor of Cape, Jan Van Riebeeck in 1655. On the 2nd of February 1659 the first wine was produced.

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15
Q

Who planted a vineyard on his farm in Constatia and made good wine in 1679?

A

Simon van der Stel (the successor of Jan Van Riebeeck) who was very knowledgeable about viticulture and winemaking. After him, Cloete family purchased the estate and made the wine world famous.

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16
Q

When did the Cape Wine industry first start to flourish?

A

With the arrival of the French Huguenots at the Cape between 1680 and 1690. They settled mainly in the Franschhoek Valley.

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17
Q

Who established the town of Stellenbosch and when?

A

Simon van der Steel in 1678.

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18
Q

When did Phylloxera and powdery mildew hit South Africa?

A

aprox 1886.

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19
Q

Which producer had an important role in saving the South African wine industry?

A

The Ko-operative KWV (Wijnbouwers Vereeniging van Zuid-Afrika) which was formed in 1918.

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20
Q

What are the parents of Pinotage? Who developed it?

A

Pinot Noir x Hermitage (Cinsault) developed by Professor Abraham Perlod in 1925.

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21
Q

Who made the first Pinot Noir in South Africa?

A

Georg Canitz of Muratie Estate in 1927.

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22
Q

What is Lieberstein?

A

A semi-sweet table wine launched by SFW (Stellenbosch Farmers Winery) in 1959. The wine reached 31 million liters in 1964, becoming the world’s largest selling bottled wine at the time.

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23
Q

Who bottled the first Pinotage in South Africa?

A

Lanzerac in 1959.

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24
Q

When was Wine of Origin legislation instituted?

A

1973.

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25
Q

What is Nederburg famous for?

A

For holding the first Auction of Rare Cape Wines in 1975 at their estate in Paarl.

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26
Q

What is Klein Constantia Estate known for?

A

Launching the sweet wine Vin de Constance in 1986, a recreation of the original wines made from unbotrytised Muscat de Frontignan grapes.

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27
Q

Where is Bot River?

A

Is a ward in the Walker Bay district of Cape South Coast region, South Africa.

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28
Q

Which river flows through the Paarl district?

A

The Berg River.

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29
Q

What does Stellenbosch mean?

A

‘the town of oaks’

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30
Q

What is Swartland Independent Producers (SIP) and what are the requirements for the members?

A

A group of producers from Swartland aiming to build a strong regional identity.

 - must be based in Swartland and bottle minimum 80% of his production under his own labels
- must be 100% WO Swartland
- the wine must be vinified, matured and bottled in Swartland
- wines must be naturally produced (no cultured yeasts, no added acidity, no added tannin, no chemical fining, no reverse osmosis etc.)
- no more than 25% new wood to be used, always of European origin.
- must contain minimum 90% of selected varietals (Carignam, Cinsault, Syrah, Chenin Blanc, Clairette Blanche etc.) 
- must be bottled in a Burgundy shaped bottle
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31
Q

What are the cooling factors in Stellenbosch?

A

Cold sea breezes due to Benguela Current and the Cape Doctor

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32
Q

How is the cold south-easterly wind blowing in the spring and summer months called in South Africa?

A

The Cape Doctor

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33
Q

When did Apartheid started? When did it end?

A

Started in 1948 and ended in 1994.

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34
Q

When did KWV shift its focus on quality?

A

In 1997 when it became private.

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35
Q

What is SAWIT?

A

South African Wine Industry Trust established in 1999. Aims for a prosper and sustainable industry while empowering all workers.

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36
Q

What is the percentage for varietal bottling in South Africa?

A

85%

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37
Q

What is the percentage required for the area of production in South Africa in order to be mentioned on the label?

A

100%

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38
Q

What are the types of production areas in South Africa?

A
  1. Geographical Unit
  2. Region
  3. District
  4. Ward
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39
Q

What is the maximum size for a single vineyard in South Africa?

A

6 hectares

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40
Q

Climate of Western Cape geographical unit.

A
  • Mediterranean climate
  • cooling effect from Benguela Current
  • the Cape Doctor - SE wind that inhibits fungal disease and cools down the vineyards.
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41
Q

Which district is known to be the coolest in South Africa?

A

Cape Agulhas

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42
Q

What is the most planted grape in South Africa?

A

Chenin Blanc, locally known as Steen.

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43
Q

What is the synonym for Crouchen Blanc in South Africa?

A

Cape Riesling.

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44
Q

What is Hanepoot?

A

A synonym for Muscat of Alexandria in South Africa.

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45
Q

Who is producing ‘Eminence’ in South Africa?

A

Neederburg. Sweet wine made from Muscat of Alexandria grapes.

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46
Q

How is Muscat Blanc a petit Grains locally known in Constantia?

A

Known as White Muscadel.

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47
Q

Name 3 Tenturier Grapes.

A

Pontac, Alicante Bouschet, Roobernet (CS x Alicante Bouschet).

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48
Q

How is the Classic Method of producing sparkling wine called in South Africa?

A

Methode Cap Classique.

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49
Q

Which 2 districts were repealed in May 2017?

A

Cape Peninsula and Tygerberg.

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50
Q

Which new district was introduced in 2017 as part of the Coastal Region?

A

Cape Town.

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51
Q

Which country is considered to have the world’s most ancient soils?

A

South Africa.

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52
Q

Main soil types in Stellenbosch.

A
  • alluvial loam over shale in the valleys
  • decomposed granite and sandstone on hillside
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53
Q

What are the 3 mountain peaks surrounding Stellenbosch?

A

Simonsberg, Stellenbosch and Helderberg.

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54
Q

What are the most planted grapes in Stellenbosch? White and red?

A

Sauvignon Blanc and Cabernet Sauvignon.

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55
Q

Which district in South Africa is known for sparkling wine?

A

Tulbagh

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56
Q

What are the wards without district in Cape South Coast region?

A

Wards without District:
•Herbertsdale
•Napier
•Still Bay East

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57
Q

What are the wards without district in the Coastal Region?

A

Wards without District:
•Bamboes Bay
•Lamberts Bay

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58
Q

What are the wards without district in Klein Karoo Region?

A

Wards without District:
*Cango Valley
*Koo Plateau
*Montagu
*Outeniqua
*Tradouw
*Tradouw Highlands
*Upper Langkloof

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59
Q

What are the wards without district in Western Cape Geographical Unit?

A

Wards without District:
•Cederberg
•Leipoldtville-Sandveld
•Nieuwoudtville

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60
Q

What is the sole Ward in Eastern Cape Geographical Unit?

A

St Francis Bay

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61
Q

What is the sole Ward in Free State Geographical Unit?

A

Rietrivier

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62
Q

What are the districts of Cape South Coast?

A
  1. Cape Agulhas
  2. Elgin
  3. Lower Duivenhoks River
  4. Overberg
  5. Plettenberg Bay
  6. Swellendam
  7. Walker Bay
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63
Q

What are the districts of Coastal Region?

A
  1. Cape Town
  2. Darling
  3. Franschhoek / Franschhoek Valley
  4. Lutzville Valley
  5. Paarl
  6. Stellenbosch
  7. Swartland
  8. Tulbagh
  9. Wellington
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64
Q

What are the districts of Breede River Valley?

A
  1. Breedekloof
  2. Robertson
  3. Worcester
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65
Q

What are the districts of Klein Karoo?

A
  1. Calitzdorp
  2. Langeberg-Garcia
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66
Q

What are the districts of Olifants River?

A
  1. Citrusdal Mountain
  2. Citrusdal Valley
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67
Q

What are the districts of Northern Cape?

A
  1. Douglas
  2. Sutherland-Karoo
  3. Central Orange River
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68
Q

What are the districts in Kwazulu-Natal?

A
  1. Central Drakensberg
  2. Lions River
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69
Q

Which regions does the Cape Coast overarching region include?

A

Cape South Coast and Coastal Region.

70
Q

To which two mountain foothills does Bot River stretch?

A

Groenlandberg and Babylonstoren.

71
Q

What are the main soils found in Bot River?

A

Bokkeveld shale (predominantly Glen Rosa and Klapmuts) and Table Mountain sandstone.

72
Q

What is a pluton?

A

Plutons are dome-like intrusions of igneous magma into the earth’s crust which occurred at great depths and consequently cooled slowly, resulting in a coarse crystalline (granitoid) texture. These plutons have subsequently been exposed by erosion, resulting in dome-like mountains or hills such as the Paarl and Perdeberg mountains and Darling hills, or the exposed domes have been ‘flat-topped’ by erosion and then covered by sandstone deposits, and have then again been eroded, resulting in sandstone on a granitic base mountains, like Table and Simonsberg mountains.

73
Q

Name the soils derived from Table Mountain Sandstone. What kind of soils are they?

A

Fernwood, Longlands, Westleigh, Dundee. They are sandy with low nutrient and water-retention properties.

74
Q

Which trellising systems are the most common in Central Orange River? Why?

A

The Hut, Gable and T-Trellises. In order to protect the grapes, allowing them to ripen away from exposure to the direct rays of the sun.

75
Q

Which mountains separate Elgin from Stellenbosch?

A

Hottentots-Holland Mountains.

76
Q

What is the name of the river affecting Franschhoek Valley?

A

Berg River.

77
Q

Where would you find the ward Malgas?

A

Swellendam, Cape South Coast, Western Cape.

78
Q

Which mountains border Paarl to the South-East?

A

Groot Drakenstein, Klein Drakenstein and Franschhoek.

79
Q

Which district is the eastern most in Western Cape lying right on the coast?

A

Plettenberg Bay.

80
Q

What is the sole ward in Free State?

A

Rietrivier.

81
Q

Who is producing the wine called Trilogy?

A

Warwick Estate.

82
Q

Which two wine personalities started a joint venture producing Capensis Chardonnay?

A

Antony Beck from Graham Beck wines and Barbara Banke from Jackson Family wines.

83
Q

Name the 3 mountain peaks in Stellenbosch.

A

Simonsberg, Stellenbosch and Helderberg.

84
Q

Which region is situated north from Stellenbosch?

85
Q

What are the most common soil types found in Stellenbosch?

A

Granite and sandstone.

86
Q

Which town is the coldest in South Africa?

A

Sutherland in Northern Cape.

87
Q

What are the soil types found in Swartland?

A

Malmesbury Shale, sandy granitic soils and gravel.

88
Q

Where would you find almost half of South Africa’s Semillon plantings?

A

Worcester district, Breede River Valley.

89
Q

Name a few Granite derived soil types found in South Africa.

A

Oakleaf, Tukulu, Hutton and Clovelly. Usually red to yellow colored, acidic, and found on mountain foothill slopes and on ranges of hills, with good physical and water-retention properties.

90
Q

In which district does the ‘cold trap’ phenomenon occur? Explain its effect.

A

Tulbagh. Unique to the valley’s geographical composition is the ‘cold trap’, a phenomenon which occurs as a result of the encapsulating mountains, shaped like a horseshoe, with Tulbagh situated at the north of the ‘bowl’. Within this bowl, once a prehistoric lake, the cold air of the previous night lies undisturbed. With no air movement from the sides, this cold bubble is trapped under the warming air above as the sun makes its way from east to west. The result is relatively cool average daily temperatures.

91
Q

Which mountains surround Tulbagh district on three sides?

A

Groot Winterhoek, Witsenberg and Obiekwaberg.

92
Q

In which district would you find the producer called Saronsberg?

93
Q

Who is producing the wine called “Rubicon”? What is the most recent vintage in which Rubicon was not produced?

A

Meerlust. 2011.

94
Q

In which district would you find the ward Groenberg?

A

Wellington.

95
Q

Which district is the most important for brandy production in South Africa?

A

Worcester.

96
Q

Where is Prieska?

A

Ward without a district in Northern Cape.

97
Q

In which district would you find the producer called Iona Vineyards.

98
Q

What’s a synonym for Cape Riesling?

A

Crouchen Blanc.

99
Q

Who is producing Olerasay Straw Wine, where and from which grape?

A

Mullineux & Leeu Family Wines, Swartland, Chenin Blanc.

100
Q

Who is producing the Bordeaux Blend Tiara and Merindol Syrah? In which region?

A

Simonsig. Stellenbosch, South Africa.

101
Q

Who is producing Five Soldiers Chardonnay and where?

A

Rustenberg Wines. Stellenbosch, South Africa.

102
Q

Where would you find the producer Beaumont Family Wines?

A

Walker Bay, South Africa.

103
Q

Which producer makes the South African wine called the Jem?

A

Waterford.

104
Q

What is the name of the subregion introduced in early 2020 to identify areas more “coastal” in character? Which districts and wards does it cover?

A

Cape West Coast covering the districts of Darling and Lutzville Valley plus the wards of Groenekloof, St. Helena Bay, Lamberts Bay, Bamboes Bay, and Koekenaap.

105
Q

Which river originates in the mountains of Franschhoek before passing through Paarl on its way to the coast at St Helena Bay?

A

Bergrivier

106
Q

Who makes ‘The Mint’ Cabernet Sauvignon?

107
Q

Which well-known wine estate merged with Anwilka vineyards in 2012?

A

Klein Constantia

108
Q

In which districts would you find the following wineries?

a) Alheit
b) Graham Beck
c) Boekenhoutskloof
d) Paul Cluver
e) Spice Route

A

a) Alheit – Walker Bay
b) Graham Beck – Robertson
c) Boekenhoutskloof – Franschhoek
d) Paul Cluver – Elgin
e) Spice Route – Swartland

109
Q

Who makes the ‘Baroness Nadine’ Chardonnay?

A

Rupert & Rothschild

110
Q

Name the sole ward of Cape Agulhas.

111
Q

List the wards of the Cape Town district.

A
  1. Constantia
  2. Philadelphia
  3. Hout Bay
  4. Durbanville.
112
Q

In which district would you find the ward of Limietberg?

A

Wellington.

113
Q

In which district would you find the ward of Piekenierskloof?

A

Citrusdal Mountain

114
Q

Within which region would you find the district of Calitzdorp?

A

Klein Karoo

115
Q

In which ward are South Africa’s highest registered vineyards?

116
Q

Which 5 modern estates make up the area on which the old Constantia estate was situated?

A

Groot Constantia, Klein Constantia, Buitenverwachting, Constantia Uitsig, Steenberg

117
Q

What results from Hanepoot fortified prior to fermentation?

A

Jerepigo, vin de liqueur.

118
Q

Who makes Skurfberg and from which district?

A

Eben Sadie, Citrusdal Mountain

119
Q

Which district in South Africa has the largest number of cooperatives?

A

Breedekloof.

120
Q

Who is producing the wine called Sparklehorse? From which grape?

A

Ken Forrester. Chenin Blanc.

121
Q

What is the name of the local cross in South Africa between Cabernet Sauvignon and Alicante Bouschet developed in the 60’s?

122
Q

What is the second most planted red grape in South Africa?

123
Q

What is the second most planted white grape in South Africa?

124
Q

Which Geographical Unit in South Africa is the Northernmost?

125
Q

In which district would you find the ward Groenekloof?

A

Darling, Coastal Region.

126
Q

What is the sole ward in South Africa without district, subregion, region, overarching region or overarching geographical unit?

127
Q

In which district would you find the producer Veenwouden?

128
Q

Who is producing the red blend called Catharina?

129
Q

Wards of Breedekloof?

A

Goudini

Slanghoek

130
Q

In which ward are Capensis, Delaire Graff and Tokara based?

131
Q

Within which district is Malmesbury shale the dominant soil type?

132
Q

As of 2021, Methode Cap Classique (MCC) wines are required to have a minimum lees contact period of how long?

133
Q

Which grape was historically called the Greengrape in South Africa?

134
Q

Who was the first to replant with Bordeaux varieties in South Africa?

A

Billy Hofmeyr

135
Q

Which grape gave an indication to the South African authorities that smuggling activities with plant material were going on in the 80’s?

A

Auxerrois.

136
Q

When was the Cape Winemakers Guild established?

137
Q

When was the quota system eliminated in South Africa which allowed for the expansion of the existing areas as well as the development of the cooler coastal areas?

138
Q

Which two districts have the largest number of private producers in South Africa?

A

Stellenbosch and Paarl

139
Q

Which more profitable crop is placing viticulture at risk in Elgin?

140
Q

What is Agrafe?

A

A sparkling wine that undergoes bottle fermentation under cork rather than the usual metal crown cap.

141
Q

What is the requirement for a Cape Blend to be labelled as such?

A

Must contain min 30% to 70% Pinotage.

142
Q

What is Chenel in South Africa?

A

A local cross between Chenin Blanc and Ugni Blanc.

143
Q

What is Nouvelle in South Africa?

A

A crossing of Crouchen Blanc and Ugni Blanc (Trebbiano), was developed in South Africa by Professor CJ Orffer of Stellenbosch University.

144
Q

Which compound is responsible for coffee aroma of which some consumers refer to as Coffee Pinotage?

A

Furfurylthiol which is formed from furfural released by toasted staves during fermentation.

145
Q

Where would you find the wards Kakamas and Keimoes?

A

Central Orange River, Northern Cape.

146
Q

Where would you find the ward of Vlottenburg?

A

Stellenbosch

147
Q

Who is producing the wines Cartology and Magnetic North? From which grape?

A

Alheit Vineyards from Chenin Blanc.

148
Q

What does KWV stand for in Afrikaans and what is the English translation?

A

Ko-operatiewe Wijnbouwers Vereniging, Co-operative Winemakers Union.

149
Q

In 2002, who began the OVP (Old Vine Project), compiling a list of old vine vineyards and eventually establishing an old vine registry for South Africa?

A

Rosa Kruger

150
Q

At what average vine age can a farm use the OVP’s Certified Heritage Vineyard seal?

151
Q

Which white grape mutates from Blanc to Gris almost exclusively in South Africa?

152
Q

What are the WO required minimum percentages for Grape, Vintage and Place of Origin?

A

Grape 85%
Vintage 85%
Place of Origin 100%

153
Q

What does WIETA stand for in South Africa?

A

Wine & Agricultural Ethical Trade Association (WIETA): WIETA is becoming the lynchpin in ensuring proper working conditions, compensation, and treatment of workers.

154
Q

Who makes the oldest Chenin Blanc in South Africa, planted in the 1920s? What is it called and from which Ward does it originate?

A

Eben Sadie, Kirsten from Jonkershoek Valley

155
Q

What are the name of the top two cuvees from Rupert and Rothschild?

A

Baron Edmund (Bordeaux Blend) and Baroness Nadine (Chardonnay)

156
Q

Name 2 South African soil types derived from Shale.

A

Any 2 of:

Glenrosa, Swartland, Klapmuts, Estcourt

157
Q

List the seven Portuguese-style fortified wines of South Africa.

A 
Cape Ruby
Cape White
Cape Pink
Cape Vintage
Cape LBV
Cape Tawny
Cape Dated Tawny
158
Q
  1. Who makes the following wines?
    a) The Mint
    b) John Martin Sauvignon Blanc
    c) Edelkur Chenin Blanc
    d) Malabar
    e) Peter Barlow Cabernet Sauvignon
A

a) The Mint - Thelema
b) John Martin Sauvignon Blanc – Backsberg
c) Edelkur Chenin Blanc – Nederburg
d) Malabar – Spice Route
e) Peter Barlow Cabernet Sauvignon – Rustenberg

159
Q

In which year were the first experimental batches of Pinotage made?

160
Q

Which celebrated winery in Overberg’s Greyton ward was devastated by fire in December 2019?

161
Q

Which vintage is generally considered the best for South African red wines out of 2013, 14 and 15?

162
Q

Which was the first sparkling wine producer in South Africa to use the Champagne Method?

163
Q

What does the word Stein mean in relation to South African wine?

A

A semi-sweet white wine, usually a blend.

164
Q

Who makes the Sout Van Die Aarde Palomino?

A

A. A. Badenhorst Family Wines

165
Q

Who makes The Stork and Gravel Hill?

A

Hartenberg

166
Q

With which 3 districts does Tulbagh share borders with?

A

Breedekloof, Wellington, Swartland.

167
Q

In which district is La Motte winery?

A

Franschhoek

168
Q

Which Geographical units does the Greater Cape overarching geographical unit cover?

A

Western Cape
Northern Cape
Eastern Cape

169
Q

How is the red mutation of Semillon called in South Africa?

A

Semillon Gris

170
Q

Where would you find the producer called Sijnn (pronounced “sane”)?

A

Malgas ward, Swellendam.

CMS Wine (26 decks)

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