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Greece Flashcards

1
Q

What is Retsina?

A

Aromatized wine flavoured with Aleppo pine resin.

It cannot have the vintage on the label.

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2
Q

Which grape is used for the production of Retsina?

A

Savatiano and Roditis

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3
Q

When were most of the country’s appellations established in Greece?

A

1971.

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4
Q

What are the DOP levels in Greece?

A
  1. (AOC/OPE) - controlled appellation of origin reserved for traditional sweet wines
  2. (AOSQ/OPAP) - appellation of superior quality
  3. PDO Wines of Greece - will appear on current and future labels featuring a designation of origin
  4. PGI - for “Varietal” and “table” wines
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5
Q

What are the ageing requirements if “Reserve” is mentioned on a Greek label?

A

White - min 1 year with min 6 months in barrel and 3 months in bottle

Red - min 2 years with min 1 year in barrel and 6 months in bottle

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6
Q

What are the ageing requirements if “Grand Reserve” is mentioned on a Greek label?

A

White - min 2 years with 1 year min in barrel and 6 months in bottle

Red - min 4 years with min 18 months in barrel and 18 months in bottle

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7
Q

What is Verdea?

A

An PGI oxidative style of white wine produced on the island of Zakynthos from min 50% Skiadopoulo and Pavlos, Asprorobola or Goustolidi. Similar to Sherry or vin jaune of Jura.

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8
Q

How are the new PGI designations of Greece divided?

A

Region - equivalent to the major regions of Greece

District - correspond to the peripheral units of Greece

Area - they are so small that they may only include a single estate.

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9
Q

What does “Cava” indicate on a Greek PGI wine label?

A
  • min 1 year ageing for white and rose with min 6 months in oak
  • min 3 years ageing for reds with min 1 year in oak
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10
Q

What does “Palaiomenos se vareli” indicate?

A

Oak ageing beyond the required minimum.

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11
Q

What are the wine regions of Greece?

A
  1. Epirus
  2. Macedonia
  3. Thrace
  4. Thessalia
  5. Sterea Ellada (Central Greece)
  6. Peloponnese
  7. Ionian Islands
  8. Creta
  9. Aegean Islands
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12
Q

What are the PGI Districts for Retsina?

A
  1. Retsina Attiki
  2. Retsina Viotia
  3. Retsina Evia
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13
Q

PDOs of Macedonia.

A
  1. Amynteo
  2. Goumenissa
  3. Naoussa
  4. Slopes of Meliton
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14
Q

What is the only grape authorized in Naoussa and Amynteo?

A

Xinomavro.

Rich and firmly tannic.

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15
Q

What are the grapes used in Goumenissa PDO?

A

Xinomavro with at least 20% Negoska. Lighter style.

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16
Q

When was Naoussa established? Give one producer.

A

1971.

Boutari.

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17
Q

Where is Domaine Carras located?

Its red is a blend of which grapes?

A

Slopes of Meliton, Macedonia, Greece.

Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc and the native Limnio.

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18
Q

What are the PDOs of Thessalia?

A
  1. Anchialos
  2. Messenikola
  3. Rapsani
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19
Q

Where would you find the white grape Malagousia?

A

In Macedonia, Thessaloniki PGI district, saved from extinction by Evangelos Gerovassiliou from Domaine Caras.

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20
Q

Which other 2 grapes are blended with Xinomavro in Rapsani in order to soften it?

A

Krassato and Stavroto.

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21
Q

Which PDO in Thessalia allows white wines only?

A

Anchialos PDO.

Dry, off-dry or semi-sweet whites from Roditis and Savatiano.

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22
Q

Where is Zitsa PDO? Wines and styles?

A

Epirus, Greece.

Dry, semi-sweet and sparkling from Debina grape.

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23
Q

Which region is associated with Retsina?

A

Sterea Ellada (Central Greece). Attiki is the center of production.

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24
Q

What are the PDOs of Peloponese?

A
  1. Patras
  2. Muscat of Patras
  3. Muscat of Rio Patras
  4. Mavrodaphne of Patras
  5. Nemea
  6. Mantinia
  7. Monemvassia-Malvasia
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25
Q

Grapes and styles of wines of Nemea DOP.

A

Dry, semisweet, sweet from Agiorgitiko.

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26
Q

Mantinia PDO. Grapes and style?

A

min 85% Moschofilero (pink skinned) plus Asproudes.

Dry Whites (or Vin Gris style) and Sparkling (brut nature to doux).

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27
Q

What does Patras PDO produce?

A

Whites dry, semi-dry and semi-sweet from 100% Roditis.

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28
Q

Muscat of Patras and Muscat of Rio Patras are made with which grape?

A

Moschato Aspro (Muscat Blanc a Petit Grains). Can be VDN or naturally sweet in style.

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29
Q

Mavrodaphne of Patras.

A

Sweet, fortified red from Mavrodaphne and Mavri Korinthiaki. - min 1 year in wood of 1000 liters or less before release - can be vintage or non-vintage

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30
Q

What kind of wines does Monemvassia-Malvasia produce?

A

VDN or naturally sweet from min 51 % Monemvassia grape + Assyrtiko, Asproudes, Kydonitsa. - must be oxidatively aged for min 2 years before release

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31
Q

PDOs of Ionian Islands? Grapes and styles?

A
  1. Robola of Cephalonia - dry whites from 100% Robola
  2. Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia - fortified sweet red - min 50% Mvrodaphne + Mavri Korinthiaki
  3. Muscat of Cephalonia - VDN, VDL, Naturally Sweet, VDN Grand Cru - 100% Moschato Aspro
32
Q

What are the PDOs of Aegean Islands?

A
  1. Lemnos
  2. Muscat of Lemnos
  3. Samos
  4. Paros
  5. Malvasia Paros
  6. Santorini
  7. Rhodes
  8. Muscat of Rhodes
33
Q

What are the PDOs of Creta?

A
  1. Sitia
  2. Peza
  3. Daphnes
  4. Archanes
  5. Candia
  6. Malvasia Candia
  7. Malvasia Sitia
34
Q

Which is the most cultivated grape in Creta which is used in Peza and Sitia PDOs?

35
Q

Which grape is preferred instead of Vilana in Crete, valued for its acidity?

36
Q

Which grape is used in the red wines of Sitia and Daphnes?

37
Q

What is the most common red grape throughout the Aegean?

A

Mandilaria, blended with Kotsifali in the reds of Archanes and Peza PDOs.

38
Q

On which island blending Kotsifali with Syrah is common?

39
Q

Which other 2 grapes may be blended with Assyrtiko on Santorini?

A

Athiri and Aidani.

40
Q

How is the training system used in Santorini called?

A

Kouloura (also called Stefani). Close to the ground. Protection from Aegean winds and collection of moisture from the morning dew.

41
Q

What is special about Paros PDO?

A

Is the only PDO that mandates the use of white grapes for the red wines. The white Monemvassia is used along with Mandilaria.

42
Q

How is Muscat Blanc a Petit Grains called in Samos?

A

Moscato Aspro. Made in vin de liqueuer, VDN and naturally sweet.

43
Q

What is Samos Nectar?

A

Naturally sweet wine produced on the Island of Samos in Greece from Muscat Blanc a Petit Grains. Produced from dried grapes and aged for min 3 years before release.

44
Q

What are the styles allowed in Messenikola PDO? What are the authorised grapes?

A

Dry reds.

Min 70% Mavro Messenikola + max combined 30% Syrah and Carignan.

45
Q

What are the prinicipal and secondary grapes in Rapsani PDO?

A

Xinomavro (principal)

Krassato and Stavroto (secondary)

46
Q

Which mountain range is an extension of the Alps and forms the spine of Greece?

A

Pindos Mountains

47
Q

The Aegean islands are divided into which 3 groups?

A
  1. Cyclades
  2. Dodecanese
  3. North Aegean (Sporades)
48
Q

What are the requirements for Vin Santo Santorini PDO? State the main varietal, minimum must weight and minimum time in barrel.

A
  • Minimum 51% Assyrtiko + Athiri and Aidani
  • 370 g/l min must weight
  • min 2 yrs in barrel if vintage dated and ageing must occur on the islands of Thera (Santorini) or Thirasia
  • min 4 years oxidative ageing if no vintage is used; ageing statement the bottle may only be used as a multiple of 4 (4, 8, 12, 16 etc.)
49
Q

How else can be called the Vinsanto produced in Santorini?

50
Q

What does Nykteri mean on a Santorini wine label?

A

Historical product of Santorini, made with very ripe grapes (mainly Assyrtiko but can also be blended with Athiri and Aidani) that are harvested before dawn and pressed within a day. The wine is then aged for a minimum of three months in barrel, though longer is common, and sometimes, flor develops. The result is a full-bodied, distinctive wine high in both alcohol and acidity.

51
Q

What is Aspa?

A

It is the local name for the soil type of Santorini, volcanic rock and pumice.

52
Q

Which PDO lies on the Sithonia Peninsula?

A

Slopes of Meliton PDO.

53
Q

What are the PGI District Wines of Aegean Islands?

A

Chios

Cyclades

Dodecanese

Lesvos

Thassos

54
Q

What are the authorised grapes for Malvasia Paros PDO?

A

Minimum 85% Monemvasia

Maximum 15% Assyrtiko

55
Q

What are the grapes authorized in Lemnos PDO?

A

White: Moschato Alexandrias

Red: Limnio (Kalampaki)

56
Q

What are the grapes allowed in Slopes of Meliton PDO?

A

Red: Cabernet Sauvignon, plus Lemnio and Cabernet Franc

White: Roditis, Assyrtiko, plus Athiri

57
Q

Where is Sitia PDO? What are the authorized grapes?

A

Crete.

White: Min. 70% Vilana, plus Thrapsathiri

Red: 80% Liatiko, plus Mandilaria (Mandilari)

58
Q

What is the grape of Patras PDO?

59
Q

What is the minimum ageing requirement for Mavrodaphne of Patras “Grand Reserve”?

A

Min. 7 years, including a min. 3 years in oak and 3 years in the bottle.

60
Q

What is the maximum amount of Aleppo Pine resin that can be added to Retsina wines? When may it be added to the wine?

A

Max 1kg/hl. Before the start or during alcoholic fermentation. (it is removed after)

61
Q

Where is Robola of Cephalonia? Grapes and style?

A

Ionian Islands.

Dry whites from 100% Robola.

62
Q

What is the minimum ageing requirement for Monemvassia-Malvasia PDO wines?

A

Min. 2 years in an oxidative environment

63
Q

What is Kokkineli?

A

A rose Retsina made from the pink-skinned grape Roditis.

64
Q

What are the two most planted grapes in Greece?

A

Savatiano and Roditis.

65
Q

Name the two islands for Santorini PDO.

A

Thera (Santorini) and Thirasia.

66
Q

What are the ageing requirements in Greece for:

  • Selected or Reserve white
  • Specially Selected or Grande Reserve white
  • Selected or Reserve red
  • Specially Selected or Grande Reserve red
A
  • Selected or Reserve white – min 1 year including 6 months in oak and 3 months in bottle
  • Specially Selected or Grande Reserve white – min 2 years including 1 year in oak and 6 months in bottle
  • Selected or Reserve red – min 2 year including 1 year in oak and 6 months in bottle
  • Specially Selected or Grande Reserve red – min 4 years including 18 months in oak and 18 months in bottle
67
Q

What is the percentage of fruit provenance for PDO wines in Greece?

68
Q

What is Tsipouro?

A

Greek grappa used for fortification.

69
Q

Which are the only two PDOs in Greece allowing international varieties?

A

Slopes of Meliton and Messenikola.

70
Q

What does the term Liastos indicate?

A

Sweet wine from dried grapes.

71
Q

Where is Daphnes PDO? What are the authorised grapes?

A

Creta, 100% Liatiko.

72
Q

What is the percentage of fruit provenance for PGI wines in Greece?

73
Q

What are the Greek generic terms used for white and red grapes respectively?

A

Asproudi for white grapes (aspro means white)

Mavroudi (mavro means black)

74
Q

To which wine would the term Grand Cru refer to in Greece?

A

Sweet wines, made via the vin doux naturel process, that are sourced from select vineyards of a given region, typically from higher elevation sites.

75
Q

Which other training method than Kouloura is it used in Santorini?

A

Kladeftiko - a type of bush vines training method that resembles alberello

CMS Wine (26 decks)

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