North America Flashcards
1
Q
Who was the one to reach the North American continent first?
A
The Viking Leiv Eriksson in the early 9th century. He called the new land “Vinland” due to the wealth of the native grapevines.
2
Q
Name 3 American species of Vitis and give one grape for each.
A
- Vitis Labrusca - Concord
- Vitis Rotundifolia - Scuppernong
- Vitis Aestivalis - Norton
3
Q
How were the wines made from native American grapes smelling?
A
They had a foxy odor.
4
Q
On which coast of the United States did Vitis Vinifera first arrived?
A
East Coast. The Virginia Law in 1619 required that every male colonist at Jamestown to plant and tend at least 10 vines.
5
Q
Why didn’t Vitis Vinifera succeed on the East Coast?
A
New vine diseases and phylloxera.
6
Q
Which Vitis Vinifera grape showed good results on the West Coast?
A
The Mission grape brought by Spanish settlers via Mexico in 1629 and later on by the Franciscan Monks to California.
7
Q
What was California’s first wine made from?
A
Mission grapes, by the Franciscans at the San Juan Capistrano Mission in 1783.
8
Q
Who planted Napa’s first vineyard?
A
The American George Calvert Yount in 1839.
9
Q
When was California annexed from Mexico?
A
1847.
10
Q
What is the Hungarian-born Agoston Haraszthy known for?
A
Founding Buena Vista winery in 1849 in Sonoma and bringing over 300 varieties of Vinitis Vinifera to the state.
11
Q
What is the oldest winery in Napa Valley?
A
Charles Krug Winery founded by Charles Krug in 1861 in St Helena.
12
Q
What is Napa’s oldest continuously operating winery?
A
Beringer, founded in 1876.
13
Q
Who founded Inglenook winery?
A
The Finnish immigrant Gustav Niebaum in 1880.
14
Q
When was phylloxera discovered in Napa and Sonoma?
A
Early 1870s.
15
Q
Which Vitis is mainly used for rootstock?
A
Vitis Riparia and its hybrids.
16
Q
Which grapes dominated New York vineyards in the 1850s?
A
Concord with the hybrids Catawba and Delaware.
17
Q
What is the most important grape in Missouri?
A
Norton
18
Q
When did prohibition started in America?
A
In 1920 with the 18th Amendment.
19
Q
Were any producers allowed to produce wine during prohibition?
A
Yes, for religious purposes only. Beaulieu Vineyards managed to thrive during prohibition.
20
Q
When did Prohibition ended in USA?
A
in 1933 with the 21st Amendment.
21
Q
Who was producing “Thunderbird” and “Night Train Express”?
A
Gallo Brothers. Cheap, high volume wine from Central Valley.
22
Q
Who introduced Georges de Latour Private Reserve Cabernet Sauvignon? What key things did he introduce to Californian wine industry?
A
Andre Tschelistcheff who brought new standards of hygiene and techniques like temperature controlled fermentation and malolactic fermentation.
23
Q
Name a few winemakers trained by Tschelistcheff.
A
Robert Mondavi, Louis Martini, Joe Heitz, Mike Grgich.
24
Q
Who renamed Sauvignon Blanc Fume Blanc?
A
Robert Mondavi in 1968. Oak aged Sauvignon Blanc.
25
Who proved that Vitis Vinifera can be grown successfully in the Finger Lakes? Which winery did he established?
Dr Konstantin Franc who founded Vinifera Wine Cellars in 1962. He achieved very good results with Riesling.
26
Which was the first Napa wine to top the 100 dollars price at release?
Diamond Creek Cabernet Sauvignon in 1978.
27
When did phylloxera recurred in California?
In the 1980s.
28
Name a few cult wine producers.
Screaming Eagle, Colgin and Harlan Estate.
29
What is the most threatening current issue in California vineyards?
Pierce's Disease. A bacterium Xylella Fastidiosa, spread by sharpshooters who feed on infected vegetation and then are injecting the bacterium into the vine's sap. The bacterium lives and multiplies into the plant's xylem, eventually blocking the movement of water and killing the vine.
30
Who oversees the AVA system USA?
TTB - Tax and Trade Bureau
31
What is USA's first AVA?
Augusta AVA in Missouri in the late 1980s.
32
When did Napa gain AVA status?
In 1981.
33
What is the minimum percentage of fruit required if labelled with an AVA?
- 85%
- 95% Oregon
- 95% Washington if the AVA is shared with another state,
34
What is the required percentage of fruit for county, state or country (USA) labelling? Are there any exceptions?
- 75%
- exception 100% California and Oregon
- exception 95% Washington
35
What is the percentage of fruit required for single vineyard labelling in USA?
95%
36
What is the grape percentage requirement for vintage labelling in USA?
- 95% if labelled with an AVA
- 85% if labelled with state or county
37
What is the percentage required for varietal labelling in USA? Are there any exceptions?
- min 75%
- exception min 51% for vitis labrusca grapes ie: Concord
- exception min 90% for PN, Chardonnay and Pinot Gris in Oregon
38
What is the margin for alcohol content on the label?
+/- 1.5%
39
What are the requirements for Estate Bottled in USA?
100% of the grapes must come from vineyards located in the same AVA owned and controlled by the estate.
40
What are the major AVAs of California?
North Coast AVA
Central Coast AVA
South Coast AVA
San Francisco Bay AVA
Sierra Foothills AVA
41
Where does 75% of California's wine coming from?
Central Valley, is not an AVA.
42
Where is Colombard and Chenin Blanc widely planted in California?
Central Valley, used for bulk wine production.
43
Where can you find most of the fine wine districts in California?
Near the coast where fog and cool sea breezes mitigate the temperatures and create a large diurnal swing from warm days to cool nights.
44
What does "Meritage" mean?
It indicates a premium blend where no grape can account for more than 90% of the blend and must be produced from Bordeaux varieties.
45
To which grape is Zinfandel linked to?
Crljenak Kastelanski from Croatia.
46
What are the two mountain ranges in Napa Valley?
Mayacamas to the west and Vaca to the east.
47
What are the soil types in Napa Valley?
- well drained gravel loam and dense clays on the valley floor.
- volcanic, thin, rocky soils on the hillside.
48
What are the differences between wines coming from mountain AVAs versus valley floor AVAs?
- mountainside: dense, dark fruit, concentrated, good acidity and intense ripeness. ex: Howell Mountain
- valley floor: more elegant and supple with less color intensity. ex: Rutherford
49
What is the main concern for Napa's hillside growers?
Erosion. Heavy rains can bring down most of the topsoil.
50
Where in Napa is the Pinot Noir predominant?
In Carneros, used mainly for Sparkling Wine production.
51
What are the AVAs within Napa Valley?
1. Calistoga
2. Howell Mountain
3. Chiles Valley District
4. Diamond Mountain District
5. Spring Mountain District
6. St Helena
7. Rutherford
8. Oakville
9. Mount Veeder
10. Yountville
11. Stags Leap District
12. Atlas Peak
13. Oak Knoll District
14. Carneros
15. Coombsville
16. Wild Horse Valley
17. Crystal Springs of Napa Valley
52
What are the AVAs within Sonoma County?
1. Rockpile
2. Pine Mountain-Cloverdale Peak
3. Fort Ross-Seaview
4. Dry Creek Valley
5. Alexander Valley
6. Knights Valey
7. Sonoma Coast
8. Green Valley
9. Russian River Valley
10. Chalk Hill
11. Fountaingrove District
12. Petaluma Gap
13. Bennet Valley
14. Sonoma Valley
15. Sonoma Mountain
16. Moon Mountain
17. Carneros
18. Northern Sonoma
19. West Sonoma Coast
53
Which part of Sonoma County is the coolest?
The northern stretches of Sonoma Coast AVA where altitude, cold ocean air and persistent fog combine to keep temperatures down.
54
Which AVA in Sonoma is highly regarded for Pinot Noir and Chardonnay?
Russian River Valley AVA.
55
What are the soils in Russian River Valley AVA and Green Valley AVA called?
Fertile alluvial soils, sandy loam called "Goldridge".
56
Name a few producers in Sonoma Coast AVA.
Hirsch, Marcassin, Peay.
57
Name a few prominent producers in Russian River Valley AVA.
Dehlinger, Joseph Swan, Rochioli, Williams-Selyem, Marimar Estate.
58
Name 3 producers in Green Valley AVA.
Kosta Browne, Freeman, Iron Horse (the latter famous for sparkling wine).
59
What is the warmest AVA in Sonoma County?
Knights Valley AVA.
60
What is the main grape in Alexander Valley and Knights Valley?
Cabernet Sauvignon.
61
What are Rockpile AVA and Dry Creek Valley best known for?
Ripe, powerful style of Zinfandel.
62
What is Bennet Valley known for?
Merlot, as it is too cool to ripe Cabernet Sauvignon.
63
Which Champagne and Cava houses set sparkling wine estates in Carneros in the 1980s?
Taittinger and Codorniu.
64
What are the AVAs of Mendocino County?
1. Anderson Valley AVA
2. Cole Ranch AVA
3. Eagle Peak Mendocino County AVA
4. The McDowell Valley AVA
5. Potter Valley AVA
6. Redwood Valley AVA
7. Yorkville Highlands AVA
8. Covelo AVA
9. Dos Rios AVA
10. Mendocino AVA
11. Mendocino Ridge AVA
12. Pine Mountain-Cloverdale Peak AVA
65
Which AVA is shared between Sonoma County and Mendocino County?
Pine Mountain-Cloverdale Peak.
66
Which two regions are pending for AVA in Mendocino County?
Ukiah Valley and Sanel Valley.
67
What are the two rivers in Mendocino County?
Russian River and Navarro River.
68
Which AVAs does Mendocino AVA encompass?
Anderson Valley, Potter Valley, Redwood Valley, McDowell Valley, Yorkville Highlands, Cole Ranch and a portion of Mendocino Ridge.
69
What is the smallest AVA in USA?
Cole Ranch AVA in Mendocino County.
70
What are the two monopole AVAs in Mendocino County?
Cole Ranch AVA - Monopole of Esterlina
Mcdowell Valley AVA - Monopole of McDowell Valley Winery.
71
What is Anderson Valley known for?
Cool marginal climate as cool ocean air and fog trails inland along the path of Navarro river. Champagne house of Louis Roederer established operations here.
72
What is the restriction of Mendocino Ridge AVA?
Vineyards must be at least 1200 feet above sea level where Zinfandel can thrive above the fog line.
73
What are the AVAs of Lake County?
1. Clear Lake AVA
2. Benmore Valley AVA
3. Big Valley District Lake County AVA
4. Guenoc Valley AVA
5. High Valley AVA
6. Kelsey Bench Lake County AVA
7. Red Hills Lake County AVA
8. Upper Lake Valley AVA
9. Long Valley Lake County AVA
74
What are the major AVAs of Central Coast?
1. San Francisco Bay
2. San Benito County
3. Monterey County
4. San Louis Obispo County
5. Santa Barbara County
75
What are the AVAs of the San Francisco Bay area?
1. San Francisco Bay AVA
2. Lamorinda AVA
3. Livermore Valley AVA (hot, inland climate)
4. Santa Cruz Mountains AVA (cool, coastal climate, high altitude vineyards)
5. Ben Lomond Mountain AVA (within Santa Cruz Mountains AVA)
6. Santa Clara Valley AVA (Santa Clara county)
7. San Ysidro District AVA (Santa Clara county)
8. Pacheco Pass AVA (shared between Santa Clara County and San Benito County)
9. Contra Costa AVA
76
What are the AVAs of Monterey County?
1. Monterey AVA
2. Carmel Valley AVA
3. Santa Lucia Highlands AVA
4. Arroyo Seco AVA
5. San Bernabe AVA
6. San Lucas AVA
7. San Antonio Valley AVA
8. Hames Valley AVA
77
How is Salinas Valley in Monterey County known as worldwide?
"Lettuce capital of the world"
78
What is the dominant grape of Monterey AVA?
Chardonnay accounts for more than 50% of the plantings. (Cool, coastal area-> long growing season)
79
What is Santa Lucia Highlands AVA known for?
Pinot Noir.
80
What is Mt Harlan AVA in San Benito county known for?
Pinot Noir.
81
What are the AVAs of San Benito county?
San Benito
Paicines
Mt. Harlan
Lime Kiln Valley
Cienega Valley
82
What are the most important AVAs of San Luis Obispo county?
1. York Mountain AVA
2. Paso Robles AVA
3. Edna Valley AVA (cool coastal; Chardonnay and PN)
4. Arroyo Grande Valley AVA
5. SLO Coast AVA
83
What are the AVAs of Santa Barbara County?
1. Santa Ynez Valley AVA
2. Sta. Maria Valley AVA
3. Sta. Rita Hills AVA (within Santa Ynez Valley)
4. Happy Canyon of Santa Barbara AVA (within Santa Ynez Valley)
5. Ballard Canyon AVA (within Santa Ynez Valley)
6. Los Olivos District AVA (within Santa Ynez Valley)
7. Alisos Canyon AVA
84
What are the characteristics of Paso Robles AVA?
Western side is cooler, with limestone and calcareous soils more suitable for Chardonnay. To the east of the Salinas river the soils are sandier and the climate is warmer, more arid, suitable for Zinfandel and Cabernet Sauvignon.
85
What is the climate of Santa Barbara County?
Maritime with long growing season (the longest in California) - Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Merlot and Rhone varieties.
86
Where is Lodi AVA located? How much of the California's grape wine is produced there?
In Central Valley. Is slightly cooler than the rest of the region due to a gap into the coastal ranges which allows cold air to be pulled inland. Known for bulk wine but also for small-boutique wineries specialized in old vine Zinfandel. (ex: St. Amant, Marian's Vineyard Old Vine Zinfandel; Klinker Brick Old Vine Zinfandel)
20% of California's total grape wine
87
What are the AVAs within Lodi AVA?
1. Sloughhouse AVA
2. Cosumnes River AVA
3. Alta Mesa AVA
4. Borden Ranch AVA
5. Jahant AVA
6. Mokelumne River AVA
7. Clements Hills AVA
88
Name the notable AVAs in Central Valley.
1. Capay Valley AVA
2. Dunningan Hills AVA
3. Clarksburg AVA
4. Merritt Island AVA
89
Name the AVAs of Sierra Foothils. What style of wine is known for?
1. North Yuba AVA
2. El Dorado AVA
3. Fair Play AVA
4. California Shenandoah Valley AVA (the lowest and the hottest vineyards are located here) Spicy, concentrated Zinfandel.
5. Fiddletown AVA
90
What are the South Coast AVAs?
1. Malibu Coast AVA
2. Saddle-Rock Malibu AVA
3. Malibu-Newton Canyon AVA
4. Antelope Valley of the California High Desert AVA
5. Leona Valley AVA
6. Sierra Pelona Valley AVA
7. Cucamonga Valley AVA
8. Temecula AVA
9. San Pasqual Valley AVA
10. Ramona Valley AVA
91
How much wine does Washington produce?
5%of USA total. Is the second largest producer of premium wines.
92
Where does 95% of the production in Washington occur?
East of the Cascade Mountains.
93
How do Cascade Mountains influence the region?
Rain shadow effect resulting in arid land and need of irrigation. It also blocks the moderating maritime air to move inland.
94
What is the climate in Eastern Washington?
Continental with cold winters and hot summers. Frost and winter freezes are a concern. Extra sunshine hours during summer due to the northern latitude. Elevation and aspect are key considerations to mitigate cold and maximize sunshine.
95
What are the soils in Eastern Washington?
Basalt bedrock with sandy or silty loam topsoil derived from flood-borne sediments. (Missoula Floods - cycle of massive floods that occurred repeatedly at the last age)
96
What is the largest AVA in Washington?
Columbia Valley AVA.
97
What was Washington's first AVA?
Yakima Valley AVA in 1983.
98
What are the AVA's of Yakima Valley?
1. Snipes Mountain AVA
2. Rattlesnake Hills AVA
3. Red Mountain AVA
4. Candy Mountain
5. Goose Gap
99
What are the most important grape varieties in Walla Walla Valley AVA?
Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Syrah. 80% of the plantings.
100
Where is the Rocks District of Milton-Freewater AVA and what is it known for?
Within Walla Walla AVA in Oregon. Basalt cobblestones topsoil similar to CDP. Producers are starting to explore the potential for Rhone styles.
101
What are the most planted white grape varieties in Washington?
Riesling and Chardonnay.
102
What are the AVAs of Columbia Valley?
1. Columbia Valley AVA
2. Yakima Valley AVA
3. Snipes Mountain AVA
4. Red Mountain AVA
5. Rattlesnake Hills
6. Candy Mountain
7. Goose Gap
8. Walla Walla Valley AVA
9. Horse Heaven Hills AVA
10. Wahluke Slope AVA
11. Lake Chelan AVA
12. Ancient Lakes of Columbia Valley AVA
13. Naches Heights AVA
14. Royal Slope AVA
15. The Burn of Columbia Valley
16. Rocky Reach
17. White Bluffs
103
Which AVAs are shared between Washington and Oregon?
Columbia Valley AVA
Columbia Gorge AVA
Walla Walla Valley AVA
104
Which AVAs are not contained within Columbia Valley in Washington?
Puget Sound AVA and Columbia Gorge AVA.
105
What is the coolest AVA in Washington?
Pugent Sound AVA, west of the Cascade Mountains. Madelaine Angevine, Muller-Thurgau and Siegerrebe are commonly planted.
106
Which grape varieties perform better in Columbia Gorge AVA?
Chardonnay, Gewurztraminer and Pinot Noir.
107
What is the most planted grape variety in Oregon?
Pinot Noir accounts for 57% of the plantings.
108
What are the AVAs of Willamette Valley AVA?
1. Dundee Hills AVA
2. Eola-Amity Hills AVA
3. McMinnville AVA
4. Ribbon Ridge AVA
5. Chehalem Mountain AVA
6. Yamhill-Carlton District AVA
7. Van Duzer Corridor
8. Tualatin Hills
9. Laurelwood
10. Lower Long Tom
11. Mount Pisgah Polk County Oregon
109
When did Pinot Noir arrived in Willamette Valley?
Brought in 1965 by David Lett who established Eyrie Vineyard on a south-facing slope in Dundee Hills.
110
What is the main concern in Willamette Valley viticulture?
Powdery mildew and botrytis. Pests: migratory birds, rust mites and rodents.
111
What are the soil types in Wilamette Valley?
1. Willakenzie - uplifted marine sediments - nutrient poor soils derived from sandstone and shale that once composed the ocean floor.
2. Jory - volcanic soils - nutrient poor basalt bedrock with weathered reddish volcanic top soils.
3. Laurelwood - nutrient poor loess (windblown soil) - reddish silt intermixed with basalt-derived soils and marine sediments.
4. Woodburn - Missoula Flood Deposits - deep, fertile soils on the valley floor; suitable for other forms of agriculture.
112
What is the main soil type found in Dundee Hills AVA?
Jory - volcanic soils - nutrient poor basalt bedrock with weathered reddish volcanic top soils. It produces the most perfumed and most delicate Pinot Noir.
113
What is the main soil type found in Yamhill-Carlton District AVA?
Willakenzie - uplifted marine sediments - nutrient poor soils derived from sandstone and shale that once composed the ocean floor.
114
What is the main soil type found in Ribbon Ridge AVA?
Willakenzie - uplifted marine sediments - nutrient poor soils derived from sandstone and shale that once composed the ocean floor.
115
What is the climatic particularity of McMinnville AVA affecting vineyards and wine style?
The Van Duzer Corridor - a gap in the coastal ranges which allows cool Pacific winds to blow constantly. The size of the berries is reduced with thicker skins, crop load is reduced as well. The Pinot Noir here is more tannic with darker fruit flavors and more pigmented color.
116
What is the southernmost AVA in Willamette Valley AVA?
Lower Long Tom AVA
117
What are the 4 most planted white grape variety in Oregon?
Pinot Gris, Chardonnay, Riesling, Pinot Blanc.
118
What are the AVAs of Southern Oregon?
1. Rogue Valley AVA
2. Umpqua Valley AVA
3. Red Hill Douglas County Oregon AVA
4. Elkton Oregon AVA
5. Applegate Valley AVA
119
What are the AVAs within Umpqua Valley?
1. Elkton Oregon AVA
2. Red Hill Douglas County Oregon AVA
120
With which region's climate in Europe can be Umpqua Valley AVA compared?
Ribera del Duero. Tempranillo makes 5% of the total vineyard in Southern Oregon. Abacela is making world class Tempranillo in Oregon.
121
Who planted the first Pinot Noir in Oregon?
Richard Sommer in Umpqua Valley in 1961 right next to a plot of Cabernet Sauvignon.
122
What is the southernmost and the warmest region in Oregon?
Rogue Valley AVA.
123
Which AVA is encompassed by Rogue Valley AVA?
Applegate Valley AVA.
124
In which AVA can we find the highest vineyards in Oregon?
Applegate Valley AVA.
125
What other grapes can we find in Southern Oregon apart from Pinot Noir?
Syrah, Merlot, Pinot Gris and Tempranillo.
126
Which AVA is located in eastern Oregon?
Snake River Valley AVA.
127
Which AVA is shared between Washington and Idaho?
Lewis-Clark Valley AVA.
128
Which AVA is shared between Idaho and Oregon?
Snake River Valley AVA.
129
What the single AVA entirely located in Idaho?
Eagle Foothills AVA.
130
What are the AVAs of New York?
1. Cayuga Lake AVA
2. Champlain Valley of New York AVA
3. Finger Lakes AVA
4. Hudson River Region AVA
5. Lake Erie AVA
6. Long Island AVA
7. Niagara Escarpment AVA
8. North Fork of Long Island AVA
9. Seneka Lake AVA
10. The Hamptons, Long Island AVA
11. Upper Hudson AVA
131
Which AVA is shared between New York, Ohio and Pennsylvania?
Lake Erie AVA
132
Where is the majority of the wine of New York State produced?
Finger Lakes , 90% of the total wine production.
133
Which white grape variety performs well in Finger Lakes ?
Riesling
134
What is Niagara?
Vitis labrusca crossing of Concord and Cassady. It has a large following in Finger Lakes.
135
Where can we find Bordeaux varietals in New York?
Long Island AVA and its two sub regions: North Fork of Long Island AVA and The Hamptons AVA.
136
What other grapes apart from Riesling can we find in New York State?
Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc, Gewurztraminer, Pinot Noir.
137
What are the sub regions of Finger Lakes AVA?
1. Cayuga Lake AVA
2. Seneka Lake AVA
138
What is the world's largest demarcated appellation?
Upper Mississippi River Valley AVA covering 30000 square miles in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa and Illinois.
139
Give an AVA in Texas.
Texas Hill County AVA.
140
When did the growers in Canada started to move away from Concord and Niagara?
50s and 70s.
141
Which grapes started to replace the vitis labrusca grapes in the 70s in Canada?
French hybrids: De Chaunac, Baco Noir, Rosette and Marechal Foch.
142
Which vitis vinifera was planted in 1951 by Bright Wines in Canada?
Chardonnay
143
When was Inniskillin founded and where?
In the same year with the end of the moratorium, 1974. Niagara-on-the-Lake.
144
Which is the only hybrid allowed in the Ice Wine production in Canada? What is it’s parentage?
Vidal Blanc
Ugni Blanc x Rayon d’Or
145
What are the grapes allowed in the ice wine production in Canada?
Vidal Blanc, Riesling, Gewurztraminer, Chardonnay, Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon.
146
What is the Brix level required for the Ice Wine production in Canada?
Min 32 Brix after pressing
Min 35 Brix when combined in the fermentation vesel
147
What is the minimum residual sugar for Ice Wine prior to bottling in Canada?
Min 100 grams/liter.
148
When was VQA (Vintners Quality Assurance) launched?
1988 in Ontario - legally enforced
1990 in British Columbia - voluntary
149
What is the grape percentage required for VQA labeled wines from Ontario and British Columbia?
100%
150
What is the grape percentage required for VQA wines if labeled with a more precise appellation in British Columbia?
95%
151
What is the grape percentage required for VQA wines if labeled with a more precise appellation in Ontario?
85% for appellations and regional appellations
100% for sub-appellations (Niagara Peninsula)
152
Is chaptalization allowed in the production of Ice Wine?
No
153
What is the grape percentage for single vineyard labeled wines in Ontario and British Columbia?
100%
154
What is the grape percentage for vintage labeling in Ontario and British Columbia?
min 85% (exception sparkling wines)
155
What is the grape percentage for varietal labeling in Ontario and British Columbia?
85%
156
What are the appellations of Ontario?
1. Niagara Peninsula
a. Niagara-on-the-Lake (regional appellation)
- Niagara Lakeshore
- Four Mile Creek
- St David's Bench
- Niagara River
b. Niagara Escarpment (regional appellation)
- Beamsville Bench
- Twenty Mile Bench
- Short Hills Bench
c. Lincoln Lakeshore
d. Creek Shores
e. Vinemount Ridge
2. Lake Erie North Shore
a. South Islands
3. Prince Edward County
157
What are the dominating grapes in Niagara Peninsula?
Riesling, Chardonnay, Cabernet Franc, Gamay, Pinot Noir.
158
What are the most common grapes in Prince Edward County?
Pinot Noir and Chardonnay.
159
What are the GIs areas in British Columbia?
1. Gulf Islands
2. Vancouver Island
3. Fraser Valley
4. Similkameen Valley
5. Okanagan Valley
6. Kootenays
7. Lillooet
8. Thompson Valley
9. Shuswap
160
What is the climate of Okanagan Valley?
Continental with hot summers and cold winters with some mitigation by the near Lake Okanagan; frosts are a risc.
161
How much of the British Columbia wine is produced in Okanagan Valley?
82%.
162
What are the main grapes in Okanagan Valley?
Chardonnay, Pinot Gris, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Noir, Merlot.
163
Give the unofficial subzone of Okanagan Valley.
1. Black Sage/Osoyoos
164
Which was the first country producing wine in the Americas?
Mexico
165
Which grape was planted by the priests travelling North in Mexico?
Listan Prieto AKA Mission.
166
Who declared the Prohibition in New Spain and when?
Charles II of Spain in 1600s. He ordered most of the vines to be destroyed as they were rivaling the industry in the Iberian Peninsula.
167
How long did the Prohibiton lasted in New Spain?
Until 1821 when Mexico became independent.
168
Which Spanish wineries invested in Mexican wine regions?
Casa Pedro Domecq and Freixenet in Baja California and Queretaro.
169
Name the 8 states producing wine in Mexico from North to South.
1. Baja California
2. Sonora
3. Coahuila
4. Durango
5. Zacatecas
6. Aguascalientes
7. Guanajuato
8. Queretaro
170
Where is 85% of Mexico's total wine production coming from?
Baja California.
171
What is the climate of Baja California?
Mediterranean Climate.
172
Give 2 productions areas in Baja California.
1. Guadalupe Valley
2. Ojos Negros Valley
3. San Vicente Valley
4. Santo Tomas Valley
5. Valle de la Grulla
6. Tecate
173
What is the oldest winery in the Americas?
Casa Madero, fouded in 1597 in Coahuila, a region in Mexico bordering Texas.
174
Who was Charles Valentine Riley? Why did the French make a statue in Montpellier in his honor?
An American entomologist. He was the first one to understand the innate resistance of American grape species to phylloxera.
175
Which Californian wines placed first ahead of first growth from Bordeaux and grand cru from Burgundy in the 1976 Paris blind tasting?
Red - 1973 Stag's Leap Cabernet Sauvignon
White - 1973 Chateau Montelena Chardonnay
176
Which counties does the North Coast AVA include?
1. Napa
2. Sonoma
3. Mendocino
4. Lake
5. Solano
6. Marin
177
Give 2 synonyms for Charbono grape.
Corbeau
Bonarda
Douce Noir
178
In which AVA can you find the Abreu producer?
Napa Valley
179
Who is producing Madrona Ranch Cabernet Sauvignon and Thorevilos Cabernet Sauvignon? In which AVA?
Abreu in Napa Valley.
180
Who is producing The Judge Chardonnay?
Kongsgaard.
181
In which 3 AVAs of Napa is Lokoya famous for producing outstanding Cabernet Sauvignon?
Howell Mountain AVA
Mount Veeder AVA
Diamond Mountain AVA
182
Who is producing Three Sisters Vineyard Pinot Noir and Blue-Slide Ridge Vineyard Pinot Noir? In which AVA?
Marcassin in Sonoma Coast AVA.
183
What are the AVAs of Solano County?
1. Solano County Green Valley AVA
2. Suisun Valley AVA
184
Petaluma Gap AVA is shared between which 2 counties?
Sonoma County and Marin County.
185
What is Coro Mendocino?
- Zinfandel dominated wines made from 100% Mendocino fruit in Mendocino.
- Zinfandel must comprise min 40% and max 70% of the blend.
- min 1 year in barrel and 1 year in bottle
186
Which two counties are sharing the Wild Horse Valley AVA?
Napa County and Solano County.
187
In which AVA would you find Masut Vineyard and Winery producing exceptional Chardonnay and Pinot Noir?
Eagle Peak AVA, Mendocino County. Bought by Bobby Fetzer in the 90's, passed on to his children Jake and Ben.
188
Which influential grape did the Spanish bring to Mexico in the 16th Century? Give 2 synonyms.
Mission.
Criolla Chica, Pais, Listan Prieto.
189
When were the below wineries founded?
a. Ridge
b. Robert Mondavi
c. Opus One
a. 1962
b. 1966
c. 1979
190
In which AVA would you find the Dunn, W.S. Keyes and Beatty Ranch vineyards?
Howell Mountain AVA
191
Which Sonoma AVA lies between Sonoma Valley and Knights Valley?
Fountaingrove AVA
192
Which five counties make up the South Coast AVA?
1. Los Angeles
2. Orange
3. Riverside
4. San Bernadino
5. San Diego
193
Which two tectonic plates formed the Vaca and Mayacamas mountains?
The Pacific and North American plates.
194
Who is making the following wines?
a. Kronos
b. Napanook
c. Novicium
d. Tychson Hill Cabernet
e. Maya
f. Ambassador’s 1953 Chardonnay
g. The Judge Chardonnay
a. Corison
b. Dominus
c. Continuum
d. Colgin
e. Dalla Valle
f. Hanzell Vineyards
g. Kongsgaard
195
In which AVA would you find Domaine de la Cote?
Santa Rita Hills AVA
196
In which AVA would you find the notable Syrah vineyard called Red Willow?
Yakima Valley AVA
197
Which two famous wine producers partner together to make Col Solare and in which AVA is it based?
Antinori, Chateau St Michelle, Red Mountain AVA.
198
Which AVA nested within Chehalem Mountains is home to Beaux Freres winery?
Ribbon Ridge AVA.
199
What is the most planted grape variety in New York State?
Concord.
200
Between which years was prohibition in Canada?
1916 and 1927.
201
Which VA borders the Western edge of the Okanagan Valley VA?
Similkameen Valley.
202
Where would you find Monteregie wine region?
Quebec.
203
Within which DVA would you find Colio and Vivace estates?
Lake Erie North Shore.
204
What are the sub appellations of Niagara on the Lake DVA?
1. Niagara River
2. Niagara Lakeshore
3. Four Mile Creek
4. St Davis Bench
205
In which VA would you find Norman Hardie and Rosehall Run wineries?
Prince Edward County.
206
In which Baja Subzone would you find LA Cetto and Monte Xanic wineries?
Guadalupe Valley.
207
How is Mezcal de Pechuga traditionally produced?
Re-distilled with local fruits, grains, and nuts, and a raw chicken or turkey breast hung over the still, cooking in the emanating vapors.
208
Between which two states is Shenandoah AVA shared? (not the one in California)
Virginia and West Virginia.
209
Where can you find Eagle Foothills AVA?
Idaho, nested AVA within Snake River Valley AVA.
210
Where can you find Martha's Vineyard AVA?
Dukes County, state of Massachussets.
211
Give 3 mountain AVAs in Napa.
```
Mt Veeder
Diamond Mountain
Spring Mountain District
Atlas Peak
Howell Mountain
```
212
Give 3 valley floor AVAs in Napa.
```
Yountville
Oakville
Stags Leap District
Calistoga
St. Helena
Rutherford
```
213
In which AVA would you find the producer called Wente?
Livermore Valley AVA, San Francisco Bay, California.
214
Where would you find Calera wines?
Mt Harlan AVA, San Benito County, Central Coast, California. Famous for Pinot Noir.
215
Where would you find Garys' Vineyard?
Santa Lucia Highlands AVA, Monterey County, Central Coast, California. Famous for Pinot Noir.
216
Where would you find Templeton Gap District AVA?
Nested within the larger Paso Robles AVA in San Luis Obispo County, Central Coast, California.
217
What is the name of the longest river in California's Central Coast Region?
Salinas river.
218
Where would you find Eberle Winery?
Paso Robles AVA, Central Coast, California. Gary Eberle was the first one to produce a 100% Syrah commercially and he is also a co-founder of the Paso Robles AVA.
219
What grapes are the most suitable for Edna Valley AVA?
Chardonnay and Pinot Noir due to the cool, coastal climate.
220
Where would you find Sanford and Benedict Vineyard?
Santa Rita Hills AVA in Santa Barbara County, Central Coast, California.
221
Where would you find the Bien Nacido Vineyard?
Santa Maria Valley AVA in Santa Barbara County, Central Coast, California.
222
What are the AVAs located in San Joaquin Valley?
1. River Junction AVA
2. Tracy Hills AVA
3. Salado Creek AVA
4. Diablo Grande AVA
5. Madera AVA
223
Where is San Joaquin Valley located?
South of Sacaramento-San Joaquin River Delta in Central Valley, California. Is not an AVA.
224
What are the AVAs of Far North California?
1. Seiad Valley
2. Willow Creek
3. Trinity Lakes
4. Inwood Valley
5. Manton Valley
225
What are the AVAs nested within Paso Robles AVA?
1. San Miguel District
2. Paso Robles Estrella District
3. Adelaida District
4. Paso Robles Geneseo District
5. San Juan Creek
6. Paso Robles Willow Creek District
7. El Pomar District
8. Templeton Gap District
9. Creston District
10. Paso Robles Highlands District
11. Santa Margarita Ranch
226
Where would you find Squaw Valley-Miramonte AVA?
Fresno County, Central Valley, California in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada Range.
227
In which county are Tracy Hills AVA and River Junction AVA located?
San Joaquin County, Central Valley, California.
228
In which county are Salado Creek AVA and Diablo Grande AVA located?
Stanislaus County, Central Valley, California.
229
What are the official subzones of Okanagan Valley?
1. Golden Mile
2. Okanagan Falls
3. Naramata Bench
4. Skaha Bench
230
What are the unofficial zones of Gulf Islands in British Columbia, Canada?
1. Gabriola
2. Saturna Island
231
What are the unofficial zones of Vancouver Island?
1. Cowichan Valley GI - official
2. Nanaimo
3. Saanich Peninsula
232
Where would you find Tidal Bay region? What style of wine is made there and what are the minimum and maximum alcohol levels?
Nova Scotia, Canada.
White wines between 9 and 11.5% alcohol.
233
What are the wine growing regions of Quebec?
1. Deux-Montagnes
2. Richelieu River Valley
3. Appalachian Foothills
4. Monteregian Hills
5. Appalachian Plateau
6. Lake Saint-Pierre
7. Quebec and the Banks of the St. Lawrence River
234
Which AVA is located between the Oak Knoll and Wild Horse Valley AVAs?
Coombsville.
235
Which famous vineyard is owned by both Beckstoffer and Mondavi?
To Kalon.
236
In which AVA would you find the Eisele, Larkmead, Lamb and Chateau Montelena vineyards?
Calistoga.
237
In which AVA would you find the nested AVAs of Borden Ranch, Alta Mesa and Clements Hills?
Lodi.
238
Which AVA sits between Yountville and Rutherford?
Oakville.
239
Which winery hired Paul Draper in 1969 who eventually turned it into a California icon?
Ridge Vineyards.
240
Which AVA of San Louis Obispo is named after a geological feature that allows cool air to flow inland?
Templeton Gap District AVA nested within Paso Robles.
241
Name 2 producers of dessert Black Muscat in California.
Philip Togni, Andrew Quady, Herzog, Rosenblum.
242
Name three vineyards on labels of Diamond Creek wines?
Gravelly meadow
Red Rock Terrace
Volcanic Hill
Lake
243
Which wineries make the following wines?
a) Hillside Select
b) Le Desir
c) Insignia
d) Georges de Latour
e) Pritchard Hill
a) Shafer
b) Verite
c) Joseph Phelps
d) Beaulieu vineyards
e) Chappellet
244
Within which county would you find the Lime Kiln Valley and Cienega AVAs?
San Benito County, Central Coast.
245
Which 2 counties are located on Napa county’s Eastern border?
Yolo and Solano.
246
Who founded Beaulieu Vineyards?
Georges de Latour.
247
In which county would you find the Kelsey bench AVA?
Lake County, North Coast.
248
What is the most Northerly AVA in California?
Seiad Valley AVA in Siskiyou County.
249
In which State would you find Rocky Knob AVA, Northern Neck George Washington Birthplace AVA and North Fork Roanoke AVA?
Virginia.
250
In which State would you find the Tip of the Mitt AVA?
Michigan
251
What are the 2 AVAs added in Oregon in 2020?
Laurelwood District and Tualatin Hills.
252
Who is producing Kronos Cabernet Sauvignon and where? What was the inaugural vintage?
Corison, Napa Valley. 1996
253
Which family has acquired Diamond Creek in early 2020?
Rouzaud family, owners of Louis Roederer.
254
In the decade 2010 to 2020, which vintage is the weakest in California?
2011
255
Who produces East Ridge, West Ridge and Block 8? And where?
Hirsch, Sonoma Coast
256
Who and where is producing the wines called One Point Five Cabernet Sauvignon and Relentless Syrah?
Shafer. Stags Leap District and Napa Valley.
257
Where would you find White Hill Chardonnay and Golden Slope Chardonnay? Who produces them?
Sta Rita Hills. Liquid Farm.
258
Who is producing The Tributary Chardonnay and where?
Littorai, Sonoma Coast AVA.
259
Where would you find the producer Mount Eden?
Santa Cruz Mountain AVA
260
What are the wines produced by Dunn Vineyards?
Howell Mountain Cabernet Sauvignon
Napa Valley Cabernet Sauvignon
261
Who was the first American to work as a winemaker and vineyeard manager in Burgundy? Which winery did he establish upon returning to US?
Ted Lemon, Littorai. In 1982 he bacame the winemaker for Domaine Guy Roulot. He also studied winemaking and apprenticed with Domaine Dujac, Georges Roumier and Bruno Clair.
262
In which state would you find Kiona Vineyards?
Washington.
263
Who is producing Tanbark Hill Cabernet Sauvignon and in which AVA?
Philip Tongi Vineyard, Napa Valley.
264
In which region would you find the producer Cristom?
Willamete Valley, Oregon.
265
Where would you find Bryant Estate?
Napa Valley
266
Where can you find Futo Wines?
Napa Valley.
267
In which US county would you find the AVA Benmore Valley?
Lake County
268
What is the top wine from Shafer Vineyards?
Hillside Select.
269
Who founded Buena Vista Winery?
The Hungarian Agoston Haraszthy.
270
Where would you find the producer Klinker Brick Winery?
Lodi AVA
271
Which new AVA in Willamete Valley is the southernmost?
Lower Long Tom
272
Which 3 AVAs neighbor Ribbon Ridge AVA?
Chehalem Mountains to the North and West; Yamhill Carlton District to the West and Dundee Hills to the South.
273
In which AVA in Oregon would you find Tempranillo plantings?
Umpqua Valley AVA
274
Which 3 states share Lake Erie AVA?
New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania.
275
Where would you find Santo Tomas Valley?
Baja California, Mexico
276
Where would you find Lingua Franca Wines and Walter Scott Wines?
Eola-Amity Hills AVA, Willamete Valley.
277
In which AVA would you find the producers Dehlinger and Kosta Browne?
Russian River Valley AVA.
278
Who is producing Sebella Chardonnay? What was the inaugural vintage?
Hanzell, 2007.
279
In which AVA would you find the Cain vineyard?
Spring Mountain.
280
In which county would you find Ramona Valley AVA?
San Diego
281
What is Vin de curé ? Where would you find it ?
Sweet wine made from dried grapes in Canada.
282
What is the minimum % of red grapes that must be used in a Blanc de Noirs still white wine in Canada ?
min 85%
283
In which year were the following wineries founded?
a) Beringer
b) Inglenook
c) Ridge
d) Mondavi
e) Opus One
a) Beringer – 1876
b) Inglenook – 1880
c) Ridge – 1962
d) Mondavi – 1966
e) Opus One – 1979
284
Which AVA is known for pebbles similar to the gallets of CNDP and within which other AVA is it located?
Rocks of Milton Freewater, in Walla Walla.
285
In which Washington AVA would you often find Muller Thurgau planted?
Puget Sound
286
Where would you find Royal Slope AVA?
Columbia Valley, Washington.
287
Who is producing the wine called Blancaneaux, where and from which grapes?
Inglenook in Rutherford, Napa Valley. Made from Viognier, Roussanne, and Marsanne.
288
Which AVA is bordering Stag’s Leap District AVA to the West ?
Yountville.
289
Which producer is famous for sparkling wine in Green Valley AVA?
Iron Horse.
290
Where is Fiddletown AVA?
Sierra Foothils, California.
291
Where is San Pasqual AVA?
South Coast, California.
292
Where would you find Bell Mountain AVA ?
Texas
293
In which State would you find Old Mission Peninsula and Leelanau Peninsula AVAs?
Michigan.
294
Where would you find San Vicente Valley and Tecate wine prodution areas?
Baja Calidornia, Mexico.
295
Where can you find Richelieu River Valley ?
Quebec, Canada.
296
What style of wines are popular in Potter Valley AVA and in which county is it located?
Botrytised wines, Mendocino
297
Name one AVA of Santa Cruz county.
Ben Lomond Mountain
Santa Cruz Mountains
298
Which AVA borders the Sonoma Coast AVA to its South?
Petaluma Gap
299
Name one AVA of Los Angeles County.
Any of:
Leona Valley
Antelope Valley of California High Desert
Malibu Coast
Malibu Newton Canyon
Saddle Rock-Malibu
Sierra Pelona Valley
300
What are the 2 regional appellations of Niagara Peninsula?
Niagara Escarpment and Niagara-on-the-Lake
301
Name a sub appellation of Lake Erie North Shore DVA.
South Islands
302
Which lake is a major natural feature of the Niagara Peninsula VQA?
Lake Ontario
303
In which county would you find the San Bernabe AVA?
Monterey
304
Who is producing the wine T6 Cabernet Sauvignon? In which region?
Schrader. Oakville, Napa Valley.
305
Which AVA was added in Sonoma county in 2022?
West Sonoma Coast AVA
306
Where would you find Paulsell Valley AVA?
California, Stanislaus County.
307
Where would you find Palos Verdes Peninsula AVA?
California, Los Angeles County.
308
Where would you find Tehachapi Mountains AVA?
California, North from Antelope Valley of the California High Dessert in South Coast.
309
Where would you find Squaw Valley-Miramonte AVA?
California, Fresno County, south-east from Sierra Foothills.
310
In which counties are the following wine producers based?
Parducci
Hanzell
Calera
Fetzer
Parducci – Mendocino
Hanzell – Sonoma
Calera – San Benito County
Fetzer – Mendocino
311
List the AVAs of Santa Clara County
Santa Clara Valley AVA
San Ysidro District AVA
312
Who owns Eisele vineyard?
Artemis Group (Francois Pinault)
313
What is the name of the most common soil type in Green Valley AVA?
Goldridge. Fine-grained sandy loam with excellent drainage.
314
Which wineries are famous for the following cuvees?
a) Camp Meeting Ridge
b) Ma Belle Fille
c) Georges de Latour
d) Melbury
e) Ambassador’s 1953
a) Camp Meeting Ridge – Flowers
b) Ma Belle Fille – Peter Michael winery
c) Georges de Latour – Beaulieu Vineyard
d) Melbury – Bond Estate
e) Ambassador’s 1953 – Hanzell Vineyards
315
In which county would you find the San Miguel and Creston District AVAs?
San Louis Obispo
316
In which AVA would you find Ridge’s Monte Bello vineyard?
Santa Cruz Mountains AVA
317
Which Carneros sparkling wine producer was founded by Cava producer Freixenet?
Gloria Ferrer
318
In which year were the following wineries established
a) Opus One
b) Harlan
c) Ridge
d) Shafer
a) Opus One – 1979
b) Harlan – 1984 (first vintage 1990)
c) Ridge – 1962
d) Shafer – 1978
319
In which AVA would you find the Hirsch Vineyards?
Fort Ross Seaview AVA
320
List the ‘Grand Crus’ of Bond Estate and name its second wine?
Pluribus
Melbury
Quella
St Eden
Vecina
Second wine is Matriarch
321
Which variety was the dominant black grape in Napa before 1992?
Petite Sirah (AKA Durif)
322
In which States is Chaptalization legal in the USA and up to how many Brix?
Every state except California. Up to 25 Brix.
323
List the AVAs of Idaho
1. Eagle Foothills
2. Snake River Valley
3.Lewis Clark Valley
324
What was the first AVA in Oregon and in which year was it founded?
Willamette Valley, 1983
325
What is the residual sugar range in g/l for an ‘Extra Dry’ British Columbian Sparkling Wine?
15-25 g/l
326
In which Province would you find each of the following producers?
a) Norman Hardie
b) Jackson Triggs
c) Inniskillin
d) Blue Mountain Vineyard and Cellars
e) Tantalus wines
a) Norman Hardie – Ontario
b) Jackson Triggs – British Columbia
c) Inniskillin – Ontario
d) Blue Mountain Vineyard and Cellars – British Columbia
e) Tantalus wines – British Columbia
327
In which GI would you find Osoyoos and Kelowna?
Okanagan Valley (unofficial subs)
328
In which GI would you find the Saanich Peninsula?
Vancouver Island (Unofficial Sub)
329
In which AVA would you find the Stagecoach vineyard?
Atlas Peak AVA
330
Who is producing San Andreas Fault Pinot Noir and where?
Hirsch, Sonoma Coast.
331
Who is producing the wine called Cerro Sur and where? What is the leading grape?
Favia, Napa Valley. Cabernet Franc.
332
Name the vineyard name where Dominus is produced. Who owns Dominus?
Napanook Vineyard. Moeuix family
333
Who is producing Red Rock Terrace Cabernet Sauvignon and where?
Diamond Creek Vineyards, Napa Valley.
334
Where would you find San Luis Rey AVA?
Within South Coast AVA, San Diego County.
335
Where would you find San Luis Rey AVA?
Within South Coast AVA, San Diego County.
336
