Austria & Switzerland Flashcards
1
Q
What is the first record of Trockenbeerenauslese?
A
1526 in Austria.
2
Q
Who developed the wire trellising system?
A
Dr. Lenz Moser in the 1950s.
3
Q
What does the antifreeze scandal in 1985 refer to?
A
Diethylene glycol, a colorless, odorless, poisonous chemical was added to the light wines for added texture.
4
Q
What are the 4 major wine growing regions (weinbaugebiete) in Austria from north to south?
A
- Niederosterreich.
- Wien
- Burgenland
- Styria (Steiermark)
5
Q
Give 2 synonyms for Chardonnay in Austria.
A
Morillon and Feinburgunder.
6
Q
Parents of Zweigelt.
A
Blaufrankisch x St. Laurent
7
Q
Parents of Blauburger.
A
Blauer Portugieser x Blaufrankisch.
8
Q
What are the levels of quality for wine in Austria?
A
- Wein
- Landwein
- Qualitatswein
9
Q
What are the requirements for Qualitatswein in Austria?
A
- sourced from one of the Weinbaugebiete
- made from one or more of the 36 permitted grapes
- must pass a tasting panel
- undergoes chemical analysis
- Prufnummer (State Control Number)
- inclusion of red and white banderole on the capsule
- max yield 67.5 hl (9000kg/ha)
- min 9 % alcohol (5 % for Pradikatswein)
10
Q
What are the requirements for Landwein in Austria?
A
- production is restricted to the 36 permitted grapes
- labeled with one of the 3 broad geographic areas (Weinbauregionen)
1. Weinland (Niederosterreich + Wien + Burgenland)
2. Steierland (Steiermark)
3. Bergland (500 hectares of mountainous countryside) - max yield 75 hl
- min 8.5 % alcohol
11
Q
What are the requirements for Wein in Austria?
A
- vintage dated
- may carry varietal on the label
- the sole origin permitted on the label is Osterreich
- max yield 67.5 hl
- min 8.5 % alcohol
12
Q
What does the term “Bergwein” means on an Austrian wine label?
A
It means that the fruit is coming from hillside vineyards with more than 26% slope.
13
Q
What does the term “Heuriger” means in Austria.
A
The wine from the last (or most recent) vintage. Often consumed in taverns.
14
Q
What are the requirements for Kabinett wines in Austria?
A
- min must weight 17 KMW
- no chaptalisation allowed
- max 9 gr/L RS
- max 13% alcohol
- no addition of sussreserve
15
Q
What is Ausbruch?
A
A sweet wine produced in a similar way with Tokaji coming from the city of Rust in Neusiedlersee with Trockenbeerenauslese ripeness level min 30 KMW.
16
Q
What do “trocken”, “halbtrocken” and “lieblich” mean on an Austrian wine label?
A
- trocken = dry; 4 gr/l RS or max 9 gr/l RS if TA is not lower than 2 gr/l below this value.
- halbtrocken = off-dry; max 18 gr/l RS if TA is no less than 10 gr/l below this value.
- lieblich = medium-sweet; max 45 gr/l RS
- sweet 45 gr/l RS ++
17
Q
What is the minimum alcohol content for wines with Pradikat in Austria?
A
5%.
18
Q
List all DACs in Austria.
A
- Weinviertel
- Mittelburgenland
- Traisental
- Kremstal
- Kamptal
- Leithaberg
- Eisenberg
- Neusiedlersee
- Wiener Gemischter Satz
- Rosalia
- Vulkanland Steiermark
- Sudsteiermark
- Weststeiermark
- Carnuntum
- Ruster Ausbruch
- Wachau
- Wagram
- Thermenregion
19
Q
What are the 4 DACs added in 2018?
A
- Rosalia
- Vulkanland Steiermark
- Sudsteiermark
- Weststeiermark
20
Q
What are the DACs of Burgenland?
A
- Eisenberg
- Leithaberg
- Neusiedlersee
- Rosalia
- Mittleburgenland
- Ruster Ausbruch
21
Q
What are the DACs of Niederosterreich?
A
- Wachau
- Kremstal
- Kamptal
- Traisental
- Wagram
- Weinviertel
- Carnuntum
- Thermenregion
22
Q
What are the DACs or Steiermark?
A
- Vulkanland Steiermark
- Sudsteiermark
- Weststeiermark
23
Q
What are the categories of Austrian Sekt?
A
- Klassik
- Reserve
- Grose Reserve
24
Q
Requirements for Klassik Sekt in Austria?
A
- grapes harvested in a single Austrian federal state
- both fermentations conducted in Austria
- area of origin - federal state
- not sold before 22nd October 1st year after the harvest
- any method of production
- max 12.5 % alcohol
- min 9 months on lees
- all sweetness levels permitted
25
Requirements for Sekt Austria Reserve PDO ( gU - geschützte Ursprungsbezeichnung)?
- Grapes harvested and pressed within a single federal state
- Made exclusively from varieties approved for the production of Qualitätswein
- Made exclusively using traditional bottle fermentation
- At least 18 months of maturation on the lees
- Exclusively brut, extra brut or brut nature, and/or a residual sugar content of at most 12 g/l
- Municipalities may be indicated but other geographical information may not
- Juice yield not exceeding 60% (juice from the volume of grapes)
- Mandatory hand-picking (max. container unloading height 35 cm)
- Whole-bunch pressing
26
Requirements for Sekt Austria Grosse Reserve PDO? (gU = geschützte Ursprungsbezeichnung)
- Grapes harvested and pressed in a single municipality
- Made exclusively from varieties approved for the production of Qualitätswein
- Made exclusively using traditional bottle fermentation
- At least 36 months of maturation on the lees
- Exclusively brut, extra brut or brut nature and/or a residual sugar content of at most 12 g/l
- Mandatory indication of an Austrian federal state and a municipality (or a specific part of a municipality). The additional indication of the Grosslage (large collective vineyard site) or Ried (single vineyard) is permitted.
- Juice yield not exceeding 50% (juice from the volume of grapes)
- Mandatory hand-picking (max. container unloading height 35 cm)
- Whole-bunch pressing
27
What does the term "Hauersekt" mean in Austria?
“Grower’s sparkling wine” – made with estate fruit and estate produced. Tirage, disgorgement and expedition performed by the grape grower. (like RM in champagne)
28
Sugar levels designation and RS for Sekt?
1. Brut nature / Brut Zero -> 0 - 3 g/l
2. Extra Brut / Extra Herb -> 0 - 6 g/l
3. Brut / Herb -> 0 - 12 g/l
4. Extra Dry / Extra Trocken -> 12 - 17 g/l
5. Dry / Trocken -> 17 - 32 g/l
6. Demi-sec / Halbtrocken -> 32-50 g/l
7. Doux / Sweet -> 50+ g/l
29
What do the words "Geschutzter Usprung, geprufte Qualitat" mean on the official seal on an Austrian Sekt with PDO?
"Protected designation of origin and certified quality" to differentiate it from the normal Austrian Sekt.
30
In Austria, which regions are entitled to use Erste Lage (single vineyard designation) on the label? Which grapes are allowed?
Members of the Austrian Association of Traditional Vintners (ÖTW) from Kamptal, Kremstal, Traisental, Wagram, Wien and Carnuntum.
Kamptal, Kremstal, Traisental and Wagram - Riesling and Gruner Veltliner.
Wien - Wiener Gemischter Satz, Grüner Veltliner, Riesling & Weissburgunder
Carnuntum - Zweigelt & Blaufränkisch
31
Which grape is allowed for DAC wines from Weinviertel?
Gruner Veltliner.
- Klassik is min 12% alc - no botrytis or wood notes
- Reserve is min 13% alc - may have botrytis or wood notes
32
Which grapes are allowed for DAC wines from Kamptal, Kremstal and Traisental?
Riesling
Gruner Veltliner
- Klassik is min 12% alc - no botrytis or wood notes
- Reserve is min 13% alc - may have botrytis or wood notes
33
Name 2 tributaries of the Danube in Niederosterreich.
Krems and Kamp.
34
What does the word "Ried" indicate on an Austrian wine label?
It indicates a top site. (single vineyard)
35
What is the climate in Wachau?
Continental with cold winters and hot summers. The rivers Melk, Krems and the Danube moderate the severe continental climate.
36
Which region in Austria makes some of the most age worthy wines?
Wachau, due to its climate, soil (loess and gfohler gneiss with alluvial sands) and aspect (terraced slopes on the north bank of the river).
37
What is the classification in Wachau?
Steinfeder - min 15 KMW; max 11.5%
Federspiel - min 17 KMW; 11.5% - 12.5%
Smaragd - min 19 KMW; min 12.5%
*all 3 categories must be dry
38
Name 3 producers in Wachau.
FX Pichler
Prager
Emmerich Knoll
Domaene Wachau
39
What is Vinea Wachau?
An organisation of estates in Wachau founded in 1983 dedicated to natural winemaking.
Codex Wachau: no additives (chaptalization), no aromatization (new oak) and no fractionation (de-alcoholization).
40
What is Roter Veltliner?
A pink skinned grape produced as a white wine, specialty of Wagram.
41
Name two rare white grapes found particularly in Thermenregion.
Rotgipfler and Zierfandler. Labelled as "Spatrot-Rotgipfler" if blended together.
42
What is the most common red grape in Carnuntum?
Zweigelt.
43
What is the climate in Burgenland?
Hot continental due to the Pannonian plain moderated by the lake Neusiedlersee.
44
What is the grape allowed in Mittelburgenland DAC?
Blaufrankisch - can be sold March 1st the year after the harvest with min 12.5% alc.
- Reserve - additional year of ageing and min 13% alc.
45
Which DACs in Austria allows both white and red wines?
1. Leithaberg DAC in Burgenland.
Whites: Gruner Veltliner, Chardonnay, Neuburger, Weissburgunder
Reds: min 85% Blaufrankisch
2. Carnuntum DAC in Niederosterreich
Whites: Grüner Veltliner, Weissburgunder, Chardonnay
Reds: Zweigelt, Blaufränkisch
46
What is the grape allowed in Eisenberg DAC?
Blaufrankisch.
47
Give two synonyms for Blaufrankisch.
Kekfrankos (Hungary)
Lemberger (Germany)
48
Name two other red grapes cultivated in Burgenland apart from Blaufrankisch.
Zweigelt, St. Laurent.
49
What is the grape used in Neusiedlersee DAC?
Zweigelt.
50
Which varieties and wines does Rosalia DAC allow? When did Rosalia become a DAC?
- reds from min 85% Zweigelt or Blaufrankisch with min 12% alc and max 4 g/l RS.
- dry rose wines made from one or more of the Qualitatswein grapes
- 2018 but wines can be released as DAC retroactively with the 2017 vintage
51
Where is Alois Kracher based and what is he famous for?
Village of Illmitz in Neusiedlersee, famous for Eiswein, BA and TBA wines.
52
What is the most planted grape in Styria?
Welshriesling.
53
Which variety performs very well in Sudsteiermark?
Sauvignon Blanc. Manfred Tement is a leading producer.
54
Which DAC within Weststeiermark existed for the 2017 vintage only?
Schilcherland DAC for racy roses from Blauer Wildbacher grape. Got absorbed by Weststeiermark DAC in 2018.
55
Which varieties perform well in Vulkanland Steiermark DAC?
Weissburgunder and Traminer.
56
Name one DAC in Vienna.
Gemischter Satz DAC
- made from minimum 3 grapes
- no grape can account for more than 50%
- each variety must make up at least 10%
- min 12.5 % for single vineyards
- single vineyards released only after 1st March next year
57
What is "Sturm"?
Fresh, half fermented sparkling grape juice usually accompanying harvest meals.
58
What is the most cultivated white grape in Switzerland?
Chasselas.
59
What is the synonym for Sylvaner in Valais, Switzerland?
Johannisberg.
60
Which are the most important 3 red grapes in Switzerland?
Pinot Noir, Gamay and Merlot.
61
What are the climatic characteristics in Valais?
- located along the banks of the Rhone river
- sheltered by the Apls -> driest region in Switzerland
- ample sun exposure
- the dry wind Foehn that accelerates the maturation
62
What is the synonym for Chasselas in Valais?
Fendant.
63
What is Dole?
A blend of Pinot Noir and Gamay, specialty of Valais in Switzerland.
- min 85% combined PN and Gamay + Garanoir, Gamaret, Ancellotta, Diolinoir, Carminoir, Merlot, Syrah
64
How is Pinot Gris known in Valais?
Malvoisie.
65
Give 2 synonyms for Savagnin Blanc in Valais, Switzerland.
Paien or Heida.
66
What is Vin des Glacier? Or Gletscherwein?
It is a rare speciality from the Valais canton in Switzerland. Initially made from the Reze grape, today can be made from many grapes (Malvoisie, Ermitage, Petite Arvine, Fendant and Humagne Blanc). Is a multi-vintage blend similar to a solera system.
67
Where can we find the Vaud canton?
North shores of lake Geneva, bordering France's Jura region.
68
How is Chasselas locally known in Vaud?
Dorin
69
What are the 6 regional AOCs in Vaud?
1. Chablais
2. La Cote
3. Lavaux
4. Vully
5. Bonvillars
6. Cotes de l'Orbe
70
How is Muller-Thurgau called in Switzerland?
Riesling-Sylvaner.
71
What are the grand cru AOC of Lavaux in Vaud?
1. Dezaley
2. Calamin.
72
What are the most important wine producing cantons in Switzerland?
1. Geneva
2. Neuchatel
3. Ticino
4. Valais
5. Vaud
73
Regional AOCs in Neuchatel?
1. Entre-deux-Lacs
2. The Coast
3. La Beroche
74
What is Oeil-de-Perdrix?
A refined and fruity rose made from Pinot Noir in Neuchatel.
75
What are the DOC quality wines of Ticino?
Bianco del Ticino
Rosato del Ticino (Saignee method)
Rosso del Ticino
76
What is "Grotto"?
Wine consumed in the Ticino pubs made from Bondola grape.
77
What are the sub-regions of Ticino? Give 2 wine districts in each.
1. Sopraceneri (above, north of Monte Ceneri)
- Gordola
- Bellinzona
- Camorino
- Malzaglia
2. Sottoceneri (below, south of Monte Ceneri)
- Chiasso
- Morbio
- Inferiore
- Castel San Pietro
- Coldrerio
- Novazzano
- Stabio
78
What is the synonym for Marsanne in Valais?
Ermitage.
79
Name 3 Grand Cru of Valais.
Any 3 of:
1. Conthey
2. Chamoson
3. Fully
4. Leytron
5. Saillon
6. Saint-Leonard
7. Salquenen/Salgesch
8. Saviése
9. Sierre
10. Ville de Sion
11. Visperterminen
12. Vetroz
80
Give 3 synonyms for Chasselas.
Gutedel, Fendant, Dorin.
81
What are the three distinct levels for DAC wines?
A system to promote the wines of the region as well as setting quality standards.
1. Gebietswein (regional wine)
2. Orstwein (village wines)
3. Riedenwein or Lagenwein (single vineyards wines)
82
What is Salvagnin?
Blend in Vaud, Switzerland:
Min. 10% Pinot Noir, Min. 50% Gamay, Min. 20% Gamaret and/or Garanoir. (called Dole in Valais)
83
What are the Sweetness Indicators in Amigne de Vétroz?
One bee (Sèche/Trocken): 0-8 g/l residual sugar;
Two bees (Légèrement Douce/Halb Süss): 9-25 g/l of residual sugar;
Three bees (Douce/Süss): 25+ g/l of residual sugar
84
What is the minimum ageing on the lees for Grosse Reserve Austrian Sekt?
36 months.
85
Where would you find the Tement, Sattlerhof and Polz wineries?
Sudsteiermark
86
Who is producing Riesling Vom Stein Federspiel and Riesling Vom Stein Smaragd?
Nikolaihof
87
Which producer's label is depicting St. Urban, patron saint of vineyards and winemakers?
Emmerich Knoll
88
What are the five winegrowing regions of Bergland?
```
Karnten
Oberosterreich
Salzburg
Tirol
Vorarlberg.
```
89
What does the term Hochkultur mean? Who introduced it?
High-stake training at 1,25m introduced by Lenz Moser.
90
Which region in Austria is the driest making irrigation necessary in most years?
Niederösterreich.
91
What are the four overarching designations that can be labelled as Qualitatswein?
Kabinett
DAC wines
Pradikatswein
Austrian Sekt
92
What does KMW stand for?
Klosterneuburg Must Weight scale
93
What is the minimum must weight and the maximum RS for Kabinett wines in Austria?
Min 17 KMW; max 9 gr/liter.
94
What does mostwägerbescheiningung mean?
A certificate which is required to verify the grapes’ quality.
95
What are the minimum must weights in KMW for all Pradikatswein in Austria?
Kabinett - 17
Spatlese – 19
Auslese – 21
Beerenauslese – 25
Eiswein – 25
Strohwein/Schilfwein – 25
Trockenbeerenauslese – 30
96
Is tank method allowed for the production of Klassik Austrian Sekt?
Yes
97
Is the blending method allowed for the production of Reserve and Grosse Reserve Sekt Rose?
No, bleeding only.
98
Which grape was introduced in the late 19th century to Austria, then known as Muscat-Sylvaner?
Sauvignon Blanc.
99
Which DAC region is situated between Wachau and Kamptal?
Kremstal.
100
Which region in Niederosterreich has become the most recent DAC?
Thermenregion
101
What does “Seewinkel” mean on an Austrian wine label?
Designation for nobly sweet Neusiedlersee DAC Reserve wines in Burgenland allowed if the grapes come from the villages of Apetlon, Illmitz and/or Podersdorf.
102
What is the newest DAC in Burgenland?
Ruster Ausbruch DAC, producing sweet wines exclusively from grapes harvested within the city of Rust.
Weissburgunder, Chardonnay, Muskateller, Grauburgunder, and Furmint
min RS 45 gr/l
103
What is the minimum must weight in KMW and Minimimum RS for Ruster Ausbruch DAC wines?
30 KMW
min 45 gr/liter.
104
Which DAC sits between Rosalia and Neusiedlersee?
Leithaberg DAC
105
Which grapes are solely allowed for Riedenwein in Wachau?
Grüner Veltliner, Riesling.
106
In which DAC would you find the Ried Grub and Ried Heiligenstein?
Kamptal DAC
107
In which DAC would you find the villages of Stein, Angern and Hollenburg?
Kremstal DAC
108
Nikolaihof, Prager and Franz Hirtzberger are all producers found in which region?
Wachau
109
What is the minimum alcohol required for Austrian Reserve wines?
13%
110
What is the sole variety allowed in Mittelburgenland?
Blaufränkisch
111
Which DAC is the largest in Austria?
Weinviertel
112
What is the minimum drying period for grapes destined for Strohwein in Austria?
3 months
113
What was the first DAC and when was it issued?
Weinviertel, 2002.
114
What was the name of the first Austrian Sparkling wine brand, still owned today by the Schlumberger Wine and Sekt Company?
Goldeck
115
What is the Austrian name Pfefferl used for and to which grape is it most commonly associated?
Rotundone, the compound responsible for the peppery notes in Gruner Veltliner.
116
Joching, Weissenkirchen, Spitz, Mautern and Dürnstein are all villages in which DAC?
Wachau
117
In which Ried would you find the parcel Vom Stein which is home to some of the oldest vines in the Wachau.
Silberbichl in Mautern
118
What does OTW stand for and what regions does it apply to?
Osterreichische Traditionweinsguter.
Kamptal, Kremstal, Traisental, Wagram, Wien, Carnuntum
119
Which DAC contains the Leitha Mountains, Arbesthal Hills, and Hundsheimer Mountains?
Carnuntum
120
A Neusiedlersee DAC red wine must contain what percentage of Zweigelt?
60%
121
List the permitted grapes for Mittelburgenland DAC.
Blaufrankisch
122
Which DAC is known for Schilcher wines and from which grape? Describe the style produced.
Weststeiermark, Blauer Wildbacher.
Still, Frizzante or Spumante Rosé
123
What does STK stand for and which Styrian DAC is excluded?
Steirische Terroir und Klassik Weingüter.
Weststeiermark is excluded.
124
Who makes the following wines?
a) Unendlich Smaragd Riesling
b) Loibner Vinothekfullung Smaragd Riesling
c) Welschriesling TBA Nummer 9
a) Unendlich Smaragd Riesling – F.X. Pichler
b) Loibner Vinothekfullung Smaragd Riesling – Emmerich Knoll
c) Welschriesling TBA Nummer 9 – Kracher
125
Which style of wine can be made as varietally labelled Rosalia DAC?
Reds only (Rose cannot mention grape variety)
126
Which River flows through Rosalia to join the Neuseedlersee?
Wulka river
127
What are the minimum amount of grape varieties that make up a Wiener Gemischter Satz DAC wine and what are the minimum and maximum percentages of the blend that any one variety can represent?
Min 3 varieties, each to a minimum of 10% and maximum of 50%.
128
Which DAC is protected by the Ödenburg Mountains to the north, the Bucklige Welt hills to the west, and the Günser Mountains to the south?
Mittelburgenland
129
What are the two major soil types in Traisental?
Limestone and gravel
130
In which DAC would you find these major vineyards? Bisamberg, Nussberg, Kahlenberg, Georgenberg
Wien DAC.
131
What is Samling 88?
A synonym for Scheurebe
132
What does the term Traubenmost mean in Austria?
Must obtained from grapes exclusively harvested and pressed in Austria.
133
On the western bank of which river does most of the viticulture occur in Luxembourg?
Moselle.
134
Where would you find the producer Emmerich Knoll?
Wachau.
135
What is the minimum required alcohol for Smaragd?
12,5%.
136
What is Spatrot-Rotgipfler?
A wine produced in the Thermenregion by blending Rotgipfler and Zierfandler.
137
What is the grape allowed in Mittelburgenland DAC?
Blaufrankisch.
138
Where would you find the producer Manfred Tement?
Sudsteiermark, famous for Sauvignon Blanc.
139
27. Where would you find the following producers?
a) Prager
b) Nigl
c) Hirsch
d) Bernhard Ott
e) Stadlmann
a) Prager – Wachau.
b) Nigl – Kremstal.
c) Hirsch – Kamptal.
d) Bernhard Ott – Wagram.
e) Stadlmann – Thermenregion.
140
What is the synonym for Chardonnay in Sudsteiermark?
Morillon.
141
Along which river valley can you find the Valais region?
Rhone Valley.
142
What is Perdrix Blanc?
Still Blanc de Pinot Noir, specialty of Neuchatel.
143
What is the difference between Perlwein and Schaumwein?
a) Perlwein – min 9% alc; 1 to 2.5 ATM
b) Schaumwein – min 8.5% alc; 3 ATM
144
What are the subregions of Geneva?
1. Mandement
2. Entre Arve et Rhône
3. Entre Arve et Lac
145
What does AOC Grand Cru mean in Geneva?
Awarded by an officially elected tasting panel, cuvée by cuvée, year by year. Grand Cru is awarded to the individual wines.
146
What does the term Non Filtré indicate on a bottle of wine from Neuchâtel?
100% Chasselas. Released on the third Wednesday in January at an official tasting in the city's town hall. Bottled without filtering the yeast.
147
What is La Gerle?
Is the name of the hod used to carry the harvest that contains approximately 100L of pressed grapes. La Gerle Label created in 1985 is accorded after examination and tasting by experts considering multiple criteria for quality wine made with Chasselas. The award La Gerle d'Or has been given since 1995 to the best wine at the year's tasting.
148
Gordola, Bellizona, Camorino and Malzaglia are all what?
Important wine districts in the Sopraceneri subregion of Ticino.
149
With which region is the VITI Quality Label associated?
Ticino, it was introduced in 1948 and is awarded to Merlot only.
150
What is Charte Grain Noble Confidenciel?
A label seal of quality for traditional sweet wines, created in 1996 for wines produced in Valais.
151
Wines made from which grapes qualify for Premier Grand Cru status in Vaud?
Chasselas, Gamay, Pinot Noir, and Merlot.
152
A wine labeled Vaduzer Pinot Noir comes from which country?
Liechtenstein.
153
What are the communes of the Chablais PDO and in which major region would you find it?
Aigle, Villeneuve, Yvorne, Ollon, Bex.
Vaud
154
What is the maximum alcohol for a Wiener Gemischter Satz DAC with the designation Wien?
12.5%
155
What is the minimum alcohol for a Single Vineyard Wiener Gemischter Satz DAC?
12.5%
