Sociological theory applied to equal opportunities Flashcards
Define society
An organised group of people with a shared common interest
Explain the 2 types of socialisation
Primary = during early years of childhood within the immediate family
Secondary = during later years amongst peers which exert more influence
What are social processes?
Forms of social interaction between individuals / groups that repeatedly occur
Define the term social control
People’s thoughts, feelings, appearance and behaviour are regulated in social systems
How is social change brought about in society?
By an alteration in the social order of society
Changes on social behaviours
Lead to long-term effects
Define inequality
The unfair situation where resources / opportunities are distributed unevenly amongst society
How is social inequality a modern-day issue?
It’s a problem which affects a considerable number of people in society
What are the possible causes of inequality?
High costs of participating
Lack of confidence
Lack of role models
Stereotyping
What is social stratification?
Society is divided into levels based on a social characteristic such as wealth or social status
Type of social inequality
Explain how the social action theory relates to sport
It accepts sport develops through the social networks of people sharing similar views
Progression is determined by the relationships built and power they have in society
Why can the social action theory be seen as an interactionist approach?
Studies how individuals behave in society
People have an active role in shaping society
How can sport impact society?
Highlights inequalities between social classes
Influences our ideas about gender / ethnicity
Targets social problems
How does discrimination, prejudice and stereotyping differ?
Discrimination = unfair treatment of a person / minority group
Prejudice = unfavourable opinion of an individual / group based on myths
Stereotyping = standardised belief shared by society
What are the barriers and solutions to disabled people participating in sport?
- lack of confidence
- low levels of media coverage
- lack of specialist coaches
+ increase investment in disabled sport
+ Increased media coverage
+ educating people on the myths
What are the barriers and solutions to ethnic minorities participating in sport?
- conflict with religious beliefs
- fear of racism
- fewer role models
+ more ethnic minority coaches
+ punishing any racism
+ organising campaigns against racism in sport
Explain some of the examples of racism in sport
Stacking = disproportionate concn of ethnic minorities in certain positions
Channelling = pushing ethnic minorities into certain positions based on assumptions about them
Define racism
Set of beliefs based on assumptions that some races have intrinsic superiority over others
What are the barriers and solutions to women participating in sport?
- fewer sponsorship opportunities
- stereotypical myths
- far less media coverage
+ encouraging greater acceptance of women
+ providing more opportunities
+ increasing sponsorship for women’s sport
Outline the health benefits of participating in sport
+ decreased risk of heart diseases
+ decreased risk of type 2 diabetes
+ decreased risk of cancer
+ improves mental health
Outline the social benefits of participating in sport
+ exercises causes a release of serotonin which have a calming effect / increase happiness
+ improved sleep patterns
+ develops relationships with people that have a shared common interest
+ decreases crime rates
Outline the fitness benefits of participating in sport
+ improved posture
+ Improved cardio
+ improved flexibility and speed / power
Define the main concepts of social action theory (4)
Considers how sport impacts society
Created by interactionist theory
Interactions with others creates organisations
These interactions lead to changes amongst the social processes
Prevents dominance of one group
