Memory models Flashcards
Name the 4 stages of information processing
- Input
- Decision making
- Output
- Feedback
What are the 5 sense taken into account during the input stage +
Sight
Hearing
Proprioceptors:
Touch
Balance
Kinaesthesis
Name the 9 stages of Whiting’s information processing model
- Environment
- Display
- Receptor systems
- Perceptual mechanisms
- Translatory mechanisms
- Effector mechanisms
- Muscular system
- Output data
- Feedback data
Explain the first 3 stages of Whiting’s model
- Environment = contains all the info to perform a skill
- Display = relevant / irrelevant info available to the performer
- Receptor system = receives sensory info from the display
Explain the second 3 stages of Whiting’s model
- Perceptual mechanism = judgement made based on info received by senses
(DCR process + selective attention also occur) - Translatory mechanism = decision is made on what action should be taken from perceptual mechanism
- Effector mechanism = impulses are sent to relevant working muscles
Explain the final 3 stages of Whiting’s model
- Muscular system = muscles receive impulses
- Output data = action is performed
- Feedback data = info about the action is received
What does the central executive do?
Maintains overall control
Focuses and switches attention when required
Identifies which info goes to which subsystem
What’s the difference between the phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad and the episodic buffer?
P.L. = auditory info
V.S. = visual and spatial info
E.P. = produces sequences of info to send to the LTM
What’s the main difference between simple reaction time and choice reaction time?
Simple = there is one stimulus and one response
Choice = there are several stimuli and several possible responses
Define movement time
Time from the onset of the movement to completion of the task
Explain Hick’s law
As the number of stimuli increases, so does reaction time at a lesser rate
Eventually plateaus
Name some methods that can be used to ensure effective storage in the LTM
Chunking
Mental rehearsal
Reinforcement / rewards
Enjoyable experiences
Chaining
Define the 2 types of anticipation and give a sporting example of each (4)
Temporal = predicting when the action will be performed
e.g. goalkeeper predicting when the penalty will be taken
Spatial = predicting what action will be performed
e.g. goalkeeper predicting where the penalty will go
What is the single channel hypothesis?
We can only process one piece of info at a time
Any further stimuli must wait
How does the single channel hypothesis relate to the psychological refractory period?
Causes a delay in processing
Increases reaction time
Used to intentionally slow down an opposition
e.g. fake pass to bait the opposition
