Arousal

Question 1

Explain the drive theory of arousal

Answer 1

As arousal increases, so does performance
At a high arousal, the performer reverts to their dominant response
Autonomous performers’ dominant response is likely to be correct

Question 2

Explain the inverted-U theory of arousal

Answer 2

Arousal increases with performance up to an optimum point at moderate arousal
After this, performance decreases at a similar rate

Question 3

How does optimum arousal differ between autonomous and cognitive performers?

Answer 3

Autonomous = higher levels of arousal
Cognitive = lower levels of arousal

Question 4

Explain the catastrophe theory of arousal

Answer 4

Arousal increases with performance until a point
After this, anymore arousal will result in a dramatic drop in performance
Comes as a result of high somatic (body) and high cognitive (mind) anxiety

Question 5

How can a performer recover from a point of catastrophe?

Answer 5

Performing relaxation techniques such as deep breathing exercises
Play can then continue once a these arousal levels have been lowered

Question 6

Explain Hanin’s zone of optimal functioning

Answer 6

Optimum performance is reached during a band / zone, not a single point
The ‘zone’ is mental that occurs when everything is ‘perfect’

Question 7

Name some characteristics that a performer would have in the zone?

Answer 7

Performing at optimum arousal levels
Feeling completely calm
Complete attentional control
Complete confidence

Question 8

Define peak flow

Answer 8

The ultimate positive psychological state for a performer

Question 9

How the likelihood of peak flow be increased?

Answer 9

Having a clear goal
Maintaining a positive attitude
Control their arousal levels
Presented with challenges that match their skill level