Introduction to organic chemistry

Question 1

Define empirical formula

Answer 1

Simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a molecule

Question 2

Define molecular formula

Answer 2

Actual numbers of different atoms of different elements in a molecule

Question 3

Define displayed formula

Answer 3

Shows every atom and bond in a molecule

Question 4

Define structural formula

Answer 4

Arrangement of atoms in a molecule without showing every bond

Question 5

Define skeletal formula

Answer 5

Drawn as lines
Each line represents a C-C bond with C-H bonds not shown

Question 6

Define structural isomerism

Answer 6

Same molecular formula but different structural formula

Question 7

What is positional isomerism?

Answer 7

Functional group attached to main chain at different points

Question 8

What is functional group isomerism?

Answer 8

Same atoms but different functional group

Question 9

What is chain isomerism?

Answer 9

Hydrocarbon chain organised differently
e.g. branched chains

Question 10

Define stereoisomerism

Answer 10

Same structural + molecular formula but atoms have a different arrangement in space

Question 11

What is E-Z isomerism?

Answer 11

Z (zusammen) = 2 substituents with the highest molecular mass are on the same side
E (entgegen) = 2 substituents with the highest molecular mass are on opposite sides