Alcohols Flashcards
What type of bonding do alcohols have?
H bonding
How does their m.p. differ from other hydrocarbons?
Higher
More H bonding —> more Van der Waals
How can ethanol be made from crude oil?
Hydration of an ethene via electrophilic addition
Phosphoric acid catalyst
What are the pros and cons to making ethanol from crude oil?
+ fast
+ continuous process
- non-renewable
How is ethanol industrially produced and what are the conditions?
Fermentation of glucose
35C
Anaerobic conditions
Enzymes in yeast as catalyst
What are the pros and cons of this industrial method?
+ renewable from plants
- slow process
- requires fractional distillation
Define carbon neutral
When there is no net addition of CO2 to the atmosphere
What happens during an elimination reaction?
Both the OH group and a H leave to form water
Also forms an alkene
What are the conditions for an elimination reaction?
Excess hot concn sulfuric acid
or
Pass vapour over hot aluminium oxide
What forms after partially oxidising an alcohol?
An aldehyde
What are the conditions when partially oxidising a primary alcohol?
Dilute potassium dichromate (VI)
Distil product + gently heat
What forms after fully oxidising a primary alcohol?
A carboxylic acid
What are the conditions when fully oxidising a primary alcohol?
Concn sulfuric acid
Potassium dichromate (VI)
Reflux for 20 mins (strong heating)
What forms after oxidising a secondary alcohol?
A ketone
What are the conditions when oxidising a secondary alcohol?
Concn sulfuric acid
Potassium dichromate (VI)
Reflux for 20 mins (strong heating)
