Respiration Flashcards
Name the 4 main stages in aerobic respiration
- Glycolysis
- Links reaction
- Krebs cycle
- ETC
Outline the process of glycolysis
- Glucose is phosphorylated to glucose phosphate by 2x ATP
- Glucose phosphate splits into 2x triose phosphate
- 2x TP oxidised to 2x pyruvate
Happens in the sarcoplasm
Outline the process of the links reaction
- Pyruvate is oxidised to acetate
- Acetate combines with coenzyme A (CoA) to form acetylcoenzyme A
Happens in the matrix / mitochondria
Outline the process of the Krebs cycle
- Generates reduced coenzymes + ATP through a series of redox reactions
- ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation
Happens in the cristae / mitochondria
Name 3 products produced from the Krebs cycle other than the carbon compounds
- ATP
- reduced NAD
- reduced FAD
Outline the process of the ETC
- Electrons released from reduced NAD / FAD undergo a series of redox reaction
- Energy released is coupled to maintaining proton gradient
- Oxygen acts as final electron acceptor
How is a proton gradient established?
Energy released from the ETC is coupled to the active transport of protons from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space
State the role of oxygen is aerobic respiration
Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the ETC
What happens during anaerobic respiration in animals?
Only glycolysis occurs to make reduced NAD + pyruvate
Turns into oxidised NAD + lactate (for further glycolysis)
What are the pros and cons of producing lactate during anaerobic respiration?
+ converts reduced NAD back to oxidised NAD so glycolysis can continue
- creates acidic conditions which cause muscle fatigue
Contrast aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Aerobic: Anaerobic:
more ATP produced fewer ATP produced
doesn’t produce lactate produces lactate
substrate-level + oxidative only substrate-level
phosphorylation phosphorylation
Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Both involve glycolysis
Both require NAD
Both produce ATP
