Social cognition and attachment

Question 1

Normative processes of attachment

Answer 1

Bowlby- is a behavioural system that is species universal neural program that organises behaviour to increase chance of survival

Question 2

Activation of attachment behavioural system

Answer 2

Trigger- threat to self
Strategy- Proximity seeking to caregiver
can be symbolic if adult

Question 3

Goal of attachment system

Answer 3

Distal goal- survival
Proximal - felt security (perceived or actual)

Question 4

Benefits of attachment security

Answer 4

Exploration, emotional regulation and Wellbeing

Question 5

Basic principles of attachment theory

Answer 5

predisposed to attach to caregivers
Quality of relationship with primary generates internal working model
evolutionary, cognitive and psychoanalytic theory

Question 6

Secondary attachment processes - attachment styles

Answer 6

interaction between environment quality and biology determines attachment style

Question 7

Child attachment styles

Answer 7

Crittenden-
schedule positive responses leads to secure
scheduled negative responses leads to avoidant (de-activation)
Intermittent schedule lead to anxious-ambivalent (Hyper-activation)

Question 8

Adult attachment styles

Answer 8

Hazan and Shaver- prevalence of each style same as for children ( 60 vs 20 vs 20)

Question 9

Attachment dimensions/orientations

Answer 9

dimensions of avoidance of intimacy and anxiety about abandonment
L AI L AA - SECURE
L AI H AA - PREOCCUPIED
H AI L AA - DISMISSING AVOIDANT
H AI H AA - FEARFUL AVOIDANT

Question 10

Attachment styles as schemas

Answer 10

Content - affective, semantic and action scripts

Question 11

Attachment network

Answer 11

Fluid over-time
variety of attachment styles and most common one indicates dispositional attachment style

Question 12

Attachment schema hierarchy

Answer 12

general into general parental and peer. peer splits into friendships and romantic and below all is specific people

Question 13

attachment styles acting like schemas study

Answer 13

Baldwin et al - measured attachment style then ppts did LDT (word vs non-word) task where complete if-then. some attachment related stems and answers (+or -)
faster at completing congruent attachment stems and words
secure faster at positive attachment words and avoidant better at negative

so dispositional attachment style guides processing of attachment stimuli

Question 14

Typical attachment style priming paradigm

Answer 14

session 1 - dispositional attachment and relationship specific styles
session 2 - prime with orientation (relationship that fits)
Manipulation check

Question 15

Priming attachment styles study

Answer 15

Baldwin et al - prime with different styles (activate relationship schema) then test attraction to people with description of attachment style

Prime style override dispositional
whichever primed for showed preference for

Question 16

Lecturer priming attachment styles study

Answer 16

Prime different attachment styles
present list of words (some + and - attachment words) in LDT task
surprise recall task - primed secure way better at pos attach words. no difference for neg words

Question 17

Priming secure attachment outcomes

Answer 17

Attenuate negative reactions to the outgroup
increase reports of altruistic empathy

Question 18

Repeated priming of secure

Answer 18

base line measure - self-views, relationship expectations and security
primed with secure or neutral
primed for 3 consecutive days and one week after
collected 2 days after last priming session
all base line measured improved for secure prime

Question 19

Attachment script study

Answer 19

Baldwin et al- asked how partner would responded to attachment actions changed based on style. lexical decisions task. avoidant automatic association with negative words

Question 20

Availability and accessability

Answer 20

Availability- present in memory to be used in processing info
accessibility - which model used based on context and motivational effects

Question 21

Availability and accessibility study

Answer 21

ppts rank relationships to styles and estimate percentage of styles
rate agreement to statements about mum, dad and partner
most used 2+ to label relationships
reported more relationships linked to style they had
anticipated different outcomes based on attachment style linked

Question 22

availability heuristic study

Answer 22

self-reported attachment styles and ease of calling to relatedness. see how easily they can generate prototypical
shown for secure and anxious-ambivalent but avoidant eaiser to generate secure