Positive Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

Positive psychology

A

scientific study of what makes individuals and communities thrive, what contributes to successful functioning and flourishing in different contexts, countries and societies.

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2
Q

Three distinct mission before WW2

A

curing mental illness
more productive and fulfilling
identifying and nurturing talent

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3
Q

William James

A

interested in why some thrive while others have mental problems
optimal human functioning

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4
Q

Organismic theory

A

self-actualisation main motivation for organisms
empathise of unity, integration and consistency and coherence of normal personality

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5
Q

Jahoda

A

challenge that health is opposite of disease
define mental health with positive connotation
mental health involves- self-realisation, sense of mastery and autonomy

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6
Q

Rogers

A

client-centred therapy
fully functioning person - stretching and growing towards ones potentials
personality characterises which emerge- openness to experience, live fully in the moment and trust in one’s organism

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7
Q

Actualising tendency

A

universal motivation leading to growth development and autonomy
automatic in optimal social environment
optimal environment- unconditional, positively regarding, empathetic and genuine

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8
Q

Maslow

A

Hierarchy of needs

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9
Q

Positive psychology around the world

A

South America - focus on resilience
Sub-Saharan Africa- wellbeing and resilience. self-efficacy and self-esteem of those impacted by HIV
MENA- happiness, virtue and spirituality

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10
Q

three main pillars of positive psychology

A

positive subjective experiences
positive individual traits
positive institutions

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11
Q

Positive subjective experiences

A

Hedonic (pleasure) and eudaimonic (flourishing) wellbeing

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12
Q

Hedonic wellbeing

A

life satisfaction
presence of positive mood and absence of negative
Measured with life satisfaction scale get a PANAS score

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13
Q

Eudaimonic wellbeing

A

more then just happiness instead focus on actualisation of human potentials
six factor model- personal growth, self-acceptance, autonomy, environmental mastery, positive relations and purpose in life.
measured with PWB on those six factors

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14
Q

Positive traits

A

Self-efficacy
Gratitude

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15
Q

Self-efficacy

A

belief about ability to perform or achieve behaviour
measured with GSE scale

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16
Q

Self-efficacy theory

A

people beliefs determines the behaviours they choose to engage with and how much they persevere

17
Q

Self-efficacy beliefs come from

A

Development of capacity for symbolic thought- understand cause-effect and capacity for self-reflection and self-regulation

Responsiveness of environment- facilitate self-efficacy beliefs and encouragement from parents

later development through performance experiences , vicarious, imagined , verbal persuasion and physiological and emotional states

18
Q

why self-efficacy important

A

associated with mental heath outcome (Chen et al Chinese boxers)
associated with academic resilience and test anxiety (medical students)
can predict later academic performance

19
Q

Gratitude

A

feeling- recognise and respond with grateful emotion when receive aid due to another’s benevolence leading to a positive experience

trait- wider life orientation towards noticing and appreciating positive in the world
measured with GQ-6

20
Q

Facets of gratitude

A

benefit triggered- emotion resulting from interpersonal transfer of a benefit
generalised gratitude- emotion/state from an awareness and appreciation of what is valuable an meaningful to oneself

21
Q

Positive institutions

A

positive relationships- happier relationships lead to higher wellbeing, life satisfaction, lower depression and better health
stronger associations in collectivist cultures

22
Q

Self-determination theory

A

three main psychological needs
competence, autonomy and belonginess

23
Q

Relationship quality

A

individual differences and relationship-specific constructs
stronger relationships have more investment from both parties

24
Q

Wong

A

need for happiness are culturally dependant (individualism vs collectivism)

25
Neural basis of cultural influence on self-representation
FMRI signals in MPFC higher in self the mother for westerners but didn't differ for Chinese. likely differences in optimal functioning
26
Implication of cross cultural wellbeing for hedonic well-being
positive emotions considered short lived in collectivist cultures happiness less valued in eastern cultures
27
Cross cultural differences in gratitude
some cultures general norm is to acknowledge without explicitly saying thank you feelings of indebtedness in collectivistic cultures vs connection in western
28
Criticism of positive psychology
Lacks proper theorising and conceptual thinking measurement and methodological issues lack evidence and poor replication decontextualised neoliberalist ideology and capitalistic venture
29