Perception of other people

Question 1

Dominant way perceive others and categorise individuals

Answer 1

the face

Question 2

Big three social categories

Answer 2

age, race and sex

Question 3

Perceptually ambiguous social categories

Answer 3

better then chance despite no biological markers (Tskhay and Rule
Even when remove parts of the face

Question 4

immediate vs deliberate ambiguous social categories

Answer 4

Preform better when make quick judgements so little effort or awareness better

Question 5

own group members categoriesation

Answer 5

learn statistical regularities
e.g. black - hairstyle and white- iris colour

Question 6

Categorisation-individuation model

Answer 6

memory of in-group vs out-group
attend to facial features which differentiate categories . sometimes individuate others - features that distinguish them so pay attention and better remember them

Question 7

In- group memory better even with equivalent experience

Answer 7

red vs green group still remembered in-group better

Question 8

Why categorise

Answer 8

if do accurate gain info about individual
organise info more efficiently

Question 9

Consequences of social categorisation

Answer 9

how perceive person
remember person
characteristics associated with person
stereotyping

Question 10

inferences from categorisation

Answer 10

attributions of individuals
properties of that social categories
-inferring other member of that categories are also like that
also draw conclusions of how these traits came to be

Question 11

essentialism

Answer 11

categories defined by underlying essence. associated belied difficult to change from one category to another

Question 12

accuracy of categorisation

Answer 12

level of experience with group
motivation to attend to group members

Question 13

Basic social perception at intuitive level

Answer 13

perceiving individuals continuous trait dimensions
perceiving individuals as members of social categories
separate but not mutually exclusive

Question 14

Thin slicing

Answer 14

how quickly trait perception happens, how we form these perceptions and how accurate they are

Question 15

thin slicing (lecturer study)

Answer 15

showed mute 30sec clips to observers which rate along trait dimensions.
correlated strongly with each other and student evaluations

Question 16

Lecturer study and physical attractiveness

Answer 16

effects not based on appearance so were presumably due to nonverbal behaviour

Question 17

Objective outcomes by thin slice

Answer 17

better predicted
but unsure if whether accurately inferred or if just treated differently due to inferences leading to these outcomes

Question 18

Nonverbal behaviour and doctor-patient interactions

Answer 18

patients- + expressions predict health and longevity
couples - expressions predict relationship dissolutions

doctors- distancing behaviours associated with worse patient outcomes
surgeon seem as more dominance and lower in concern more likely sued for malpractice

Question 19

Perceptions in politics

Answer 19

vote for candidates that look more competent
taller tend to receive more support but don’t win sig more elections

Question 20

perceptions on bedrooms

Answer 20

Big 5 on bedrooms sig correlation with actual traits. especially openness

Question 21

perceiving traits on social media effected by why use

Answer 21

rich get richer hypothesis- extension of offline personality (extravert getting more connections
social compensation hypothesis- compensate for offline personality - introvert act more extraverted online

Question 22

personality traits and online activity

Answer 22

Gosling et al - Facebook and big 5
extraversion associated with more friends and activity
observes judge level of extraversion but not other traits

Question 23

Trait perception more accurate when

Answer 23

linked to observable traits
individuals being better at judging

Question 24

Social categories

Answer 24

allow inferences of additional attributes though these less reliable but treat as if they are

Question 25

Memory confusion paradigm

Answer 25

Shown people and statements assess memory confusions based on spontaneous memory test and see what similar categories people confuse the most

Question 26

Memory confusion paradigm and the big 3

Answer 26

Taylor et al - race and gender
Arcuri- age in distinct categories

Question 27

why age and gender social categories

Answer 27

culture- emphasised so conditioned to perceive them
Evolutionarily functionality- sex and age help show protentional mates and competitors

Question 28

race not fundamental category

Answer 28

Kurzban et al - race perception by-product of evolution to perceive coalitional alliances

easily influenced by other factors

Question 29

race and coalitional alliance memory confusion paradigm

Answer 29

Kurzban et al - sports team and race
confuse members of same team more

Question 30

Alternative explanations of race and fundamentality

Answer 30

only able to categories one dimension at a time
x - follow up study shows sex an team membership both confused

Question 31

Race, language and accent with children

Answer 31

Race and language -indicator of coalition cues
Kinzler et al -white Americans prefer one language, accent and race when choosing friends

Question 32

Race and accent in conflict with children

Answer 32

Prefer black children with American accent
so accent more important them race

Question 33

Accent categorisation and memory confusion paradigm

Answer 33

perceivers categorise by accent
if accent and visual coalition cues presence then both categorised showing accent provides info beyond coalition

Question 34

scientific basis for essentialism

Answer 34

biological species identified from DNA
children show view for species not objects

Question 35

Psychological essentialism

Answer 35

extent people believe this and consequence of beliefs
race and gender less so age high essentialised categories

Question 36

Individual differences and essentialist beliefs

Answer 36

race conception scale - associated with racial prejudice and diversity of social networks
Gender essentialism scale - associated with exist attitudes and discrimination