Perception of other people Flashcards
Dominant way perceive others and categorise individuals
the face
Big three social categories
age, race and sex
Perceptually ambiguous social categories
better then chance despite no biological markers (Tskhay and Rule
Even when remove parts of the face
immediate vs deliberate ambiguous social categories
Preform better when make quick judgements so little effort or awareness better
own group members categoriesation
learn statistical regularities
e.g. black - hairstyle and white- iris colour
Categorisation-individuation model
memory of in-group vs out-group
attend to facial features which differentiate categories . sometimes individuate others - features that distinguish them so pay attention and better remember them
In- group memory better even with equivalent experience
red vs green group still remembered in-group better
Why categorise
if do accurate gain info about individual
organise info more efficiently
Consequences of social categorisation
how perceive person
remember person
characteristics associated with person
stereotyping
inferences from categorisation
attributions of individuals
properties of that social categories
-inferring other member of that categories are also like that
also draw conclusions of how these traits came to be
essentialism
categories defined by underlying essence. associated belied difficult to change from one category to another
accuracy of categorisation
level of experience with group
motivation to attend to group members
Basic social perception at intuitive level
perceiving individuals continuous trait dimensions
perceiving individuals as members of social categories
separate but not mutually exclusive
Thin slicing
how quickly trait perception happens, how we form these perceptions and how accurate they are
thin slicing (lecturer study)
showed mute 30sec clips to observers which rate along trait dimensions.
correlated strongly with each other and student evaluations
Lecturer study and physical attractiveness
effects not based on appearance so were presumably due to nonverbal behaviour
Objective outcomes by thin slice
better predicted
but unsure if whether accurately inferred or if just treated differently due to inferences leading to these outcomes
Nonverbal behaviour and doctor-patient interactions
patients- + expressions predict health and longevity
couples - expressions predict relationship dissolutions
doctors- distancing behaviours associated with worse patient outcomes
surgeon seem as more dominance and lower in concern more likely sued for malpractice
Perceptions in politics
vote for candidates that look more competent
taller tend to receive more support but don’t win sig more elections
perceptions on bedrooms
Big 5 on bedrooms sig correlation with actual traits. especially openness
perceiving traits on social media effected by why use
rich get richer hypothesis- extension of offline personality (extravert getting more connections
social compensation hypothesis- compensate for offline personality - introvert act more extraverted online
personality traits and online activity
Gosling et al - Facebook and big 5
extraversion associated with more friends and activity
observes judge level of extraversion but not other traits
Trait perception more accurate when
linked to observable traits
individuals being better at judging
Social categories
allow inferences of additional attributes though these less reliable but treat as if they are
Memory confusion paradigm
Shown people and statements assess memory confusions based on spontaneous memory test and see what similar categories people confuse the most
Memory confusion paradigm and the big 3
Taylor et al - race and gender
Arcuri- age in distinct categories
why age and gender social categories
culture- emphasised so conditioned to perceive them
Evolutionarily functionality- sex and age help show protentional mates and competitors
race not fundamental category
Kurzban et al - race perception by-product of evolution to perceive coalitional alliances
easily influenced by other factors
race and coalitional alliance memory confusion paradigm
Kurzban et al - sports team and race
confuse members of same team more
Alternative explanations of race and fundamentality
only able to categories one dimension at a time
x - follow up study shows sex an team membership both confused
Race, language and accent with children
Race and language -indicator of coalition cues
Kinzler et al -white Americans prefer one language, accent and race when choosing friends
Race and accent in conflict with children
Prefer black children with American accent
so accent more important them race
Accent categorisation and memory confusion paradigm
perceivers categorise by accent
if accent and visual coalition cues presence then both categorised showing accent provides info beyond coalition
scientific basis for essentialism
biological species identified from DNA
children show view for species not objects
Psychological essentialism
extent people believe this and consequence of beliefs
race and gender less so age high essentialised categories
Individual differences and essentialist beliefs
race conception scale - associated with racial prejudice and diversity of social networks
Gender essentialism scale - associated with exist attitudes and discrimination
