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individual and social cognition > Attitudes > Flashcards

Attitudes Flashcards

1
Q

Attitudes

A

global evaluations of stimulus object that are based on threes sources of info: affective responses, behavioural and cognitive info.

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2
Q

Three component model

A

affect behaviour and cognition effect attitude

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3
Q

three component relation study

A

Breckler- real snake indicted if kind/cruel (cognition), anxious/happy (affect) and handle (Behaviour)
moderate correlation showing still independent but impact attitude

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4
Q

Components vary in importance study (based on political attitudes)

A

Affect-cognitive ambivalence
one + while other -
affective plays larger role when misaligned but similar role when align

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5
Q

Components vary in importance predator study

A

Stronger effect to cognitive beliefs compared to affective an behaviour

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6
Q

Individual differences

A

HA HC- Dual-consistents
HA LC- Feelers
LA HC - Thinkers
LA LC- Dual-inconsistents

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7
Q

Function structure model

A

which component has stronger effect based on motivation

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8
Q

Function of attitudes (smith et al)

A

Object-appraisal - evaluate
Social-adjustment- guide acceptable behaviours
Externalisation - protect self esteem

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9
Q

function of attitudes (Katz)

A

Knowledge and utilitarian functions (object appraisal)
ego-defensive function (self -esteem)
Value-expressive function - express guiding principals

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10
Q

Why attitudes are formed

A

need for affect (approach or avoid situ
need for cognitive simplicity (seek out and enjoy cognitive activity)

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11
Q

Evidence for why attitude formed

A

unfamiliar rely on affective
familiar rely on cognition
preferred thinking style plays strong influence

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12
Q

Self report scales

A

semantic differential - word scales with opposite meanings
Likert scale - list of statements indicate how far agree
Thurstone scale- rank statements

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13
Q

Strengths of self-report

A

Economical
easy to administer
reliable and valid

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14
Q

Limitations of self-report

A

Demand characteristics
impression management

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15
Q

Implicit measures of attitudes study

A

exist outside of conscious awareness and control
examine automatic associations between attitude objects and evaluative attributes

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16
Q

Implicit associations test

A

one side Asian other side white
then one side positive and negative
both together then flip
see which one quicker at

17
Q

First attitude and behaviour study

A

LaPierre travelled across us with Chinese couple
wrote to establishments months later and asked if accept Asian couple
only 1 said yes even though on journey only 1 establishment actually didn’t let them in

18
Q

Some examples/evidence of attitude do predict behaviour

A

recycling, healthy eating and smoking
high predictors of multiple acts of behaviour just not single types

19
Q

Theory of planned behaviour

A

Behaviour based on attitude, subjective norms and perceived behaviour control

20
Q

What can theory of planned behaviour predict

A

Academic achievement and vaccination uptake

21
Q

Persuasion

A

Formation or change of attitudes through info processing in response to a message about the attitude object

22
Q

Low cognitive effort attitude change

A

Classical conditioning
Razran- slogan and free lunch vs unpleasant smells. Couldn’t recall where paired each slogan with but had more positive attitudes towards free lunch slogans

23
Q

High cognitive effort persuasion

A

Message learning approach
Depends on: Message source, recipient, message and channel (how communicated)
Internal mediating process - attention to comprehension to rehearsal to yielding

24
Q

What can be used to change attitudes

A

interventions with small effect size

25
Q

Dual processing models of persuasion

A

Happens through both effortful and effortless
two key models
elaboration likelihood
heuristic-systematic

26
Q

Elaboration likelihood model

A

message to audience factors to processing method to attitude change

Central route - high motivation and ability so focus on quality and thus strength of argument causes change

Peripheral route- Low motivation and ability so focus on attractiveness and so dependant on presence of persuasiveness cues

27
Q

Heuristic-systematic model

A

Heuristic- effortless
Systematic-effortful
balance between effort minimisation and confidence in judgement
small confidence gap (between actual and desired) means heuristic
three motivational forces - accuracy, defence and impression motivation

28
Q

Four principles in persuasion

A

Extraneous info can influence persuasion
Motivation and ability effect impact
Congruence between message and recipients knowledge and goals enables
can occur without awareness

29
Q

Resistant to attitude change

A

ABC model
don’t like won’t do it don’t believe

30
Q

Resitting persuasion

A

Strategies- Contesting, empowerment, biased processing and avoidance

Main reasons- freedom threats, concerns of deception and reluctance to change

31
Q

context of values

A
  • interacts with social norms (authoritarian and humanitarian values effect by social norms towards immigrants)
32
Q

Context of goals

A

when considering behaviour goals attitudes remind us about what we like/dislike of execution and outcome

33
Q

Context of language

A

language used to describe can impact attitudes. e.g. police described as guardians or warriors

34
Q

Context of emotions

A

particular impact in political attitudes

35
Q

Context of development

A

attitudes change throughout life e.g. music preference for more upbeat music inn adolescence compared to mellower as get older

age-related positivity effect- goal shift towards positive info

36
Q

Historical context

A

generations exposed broad socioeconomical changes which influence attitudes

37
Q

Culture context

A

Attitudes based on own thoughts vs what authority figures expect/social norms

38
Q

Implicit association test meta analysis

A

r=.274 for prediction of behavioural, judgement and physiological measures. better predictability with sensitive topics such as race. Then self report
higher correlation between IAT and self-report the greater the predicative validity of each

individual and social cognition (22 decks)

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